{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:53:57Z","timestamp":1791262437074,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]],"date-time":"1998-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":907200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,18]],"date-time":"2002-09-18T18:01:25Z","timestamp":1032372085000},"page":"339-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["A Human Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolites, Trichloroacetic Acid and Free Trichloroethanol"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Mahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richat","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8190","article-title":"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene and its metabolites, chloral hydrate, trichloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroethanol, and trichloroethanol glucuronide in B6C3F1 mice","volume":"127","author":"Abbas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF2","unstructured":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1994, Threshold Limit Values for Chemicals Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00730.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic modeling of trichloroethylene and trichloroacetic acid in humans","volume":"13","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF4","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1996, Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.5.330","article-title":"Electrospray analysis of biological samples for trace amounts of trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid","volume":"21","author":"Brashear","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/41.2.157","article-title":"Acute intoxication with trichloroethylene: Clinical symptoms, toxicokinetics, metabolism, and development of biochemical parameters for renal damage","volume":"41","author":"Bruning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(90)90195-M","article-title":"Liver tumor induction in B6C3F1 mice by dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate","volume":"63","author":"Bull","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1975.tb09431.x","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and quantitation of chloral hydrate as a transient metabolite of trichloroethylene in man using electron capture gas chromatography and mass fragmentography","volume":"27","author":"Cole","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197111000-00013","article-title":"Tissue weights and rates of blood flow in man for the prediction of anesthetic uptake and distribution","volume":"35","author":"Cowles","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00752.x","article-title":"A trichloroethylene risk assessment using a Monte Carlo analysis of parameter uncertainty in conjunction with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling","volume":"15","author":"Cronin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(78)90006-6","article-title":"Metabolism of trichloroethylene by the isolated perfused lung","volume":"43","author":"Dalbey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90147-A","article-title":"Hepatocarcinogenicity of chloral hydrate, 2-chloroacetaldehyde, and dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse","volume":"19","author":"Daniel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3109\/03602539109029772","article-title":"Consideration of the target organ toxicity of trichloroethylene in terms of metabolite toxicity and pharmacokinetics","volume":"23","author":"Davidson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315598","article-title":"Metabolism of trichloroethylene in man I. The significance of trichloroethanol in long-term exposure conditions","volume":"29","author":"Ertle","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF15","first-page":"43","article-title":"Trichloroethylene exposure: Simulation of uptake, excretion, and metabolism using a mathematical model","volume":"34","author":"Fernandez","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90137-3","article-title":"Partition coefficients of low-molecular-weight volatile chemicals in various liquids and tissues","volume":"98","author":"Gargas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF17","first-page":"163","article-title":"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for inhaled trichloroethylene and its major metabolites in B6C3F1 mice","volume":"36","author":"Greenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicologist"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF18","unstructured":"Hake, C. L. Stewart, R. D. Peterson, J. E. Dodd, H. C. 1973, Urinary metabolites from controlled exposures of humans to trichloroethylene, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(80)90012-9","article-title":"Consideration of the evidence for mechanisms of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene metabolism, including new identification of its dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid metabolites in mice","volume":"8","author":"Hathway","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6868","article-title":"Kinetics and metabolism of chloral hydrate in children: Identification of dichloroacetate as a metabolite","volume":"235","author":"Henderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04170.x","article-title":"Dose-dependent heart rate reducing effect of nizatidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist","volume":"35","author":"Hinrichsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(86)90183-6","article-title":"Extrahepatic organs metabolism of inhaled trichloroethylene","volume":"41","author":"Hobara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF23","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1975, Report of the Task Group on Reference Man"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1994.1059","article-title":"A partition coefficient determination method for nonvolatile chemicals in biological tissues","volume":"22","author":"Jepson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/20.4.236","article-title":"Conversion of trichloroacetic acid to dichloroacetic acid in biological samples","volume":"20","author":"Ketcha","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02425930","article-title":"Metabolism, excretion and toxicology of trichloroethylene after inhalation","volume":"30","author":"Kimmerle","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF27","first-page":"239","article-title":"Potential of physiologically based pharmacokinetics to amalgamate kinetic data of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene obtained in rats and man","volume":"46","author":"Koizumi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(92)90332-M","article-title":"Metabolism and lipoperoxidative activity of trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate in rats and mice","volume":"115","author":"Larson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF29","first-page":"846","article-title":"Glutathione-dependent metabolism of trichloroethylene in isolated liver and kidney cells of rats and its role in mitochondrial and cellular toxicity","volume":"23","author":"Lash","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199301000-00003","article-title":"Metabolically consistent breathing rates for use in dose assessments","volume":"64","author":"Layton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.8040","article-title":"Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of trichloroethylene: Interindividual differences in humans","volume":"142","author":"Lipscomb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF32","series-title":"Archives of Research on Industrial Carcinogenesis","article-title":"Experimental research of trichloroethylene carcinogenesis","author":"Maltoni","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Absorption, excretion and metabolic fate of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol","volume":"95","author":"Marshall","year":"1955","journal-title":"Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701601101","article-title":"The role of mouse intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichloroethylene, anin vivo","volume":"16","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1709","article-title":"Formation of dichloroacetic acid by rat and mouse gut microflora, anin vitro","volume":"228","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378619","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of trichloroethylene in volunteers, influence of workload and exposure concentration","volume":"38","author":"Monster","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326650","article-title":"Trichloroethylene exposure and trichloroethylene metabolites in urine and blood","volume":"29","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330110","article-title":"Metabolism of trichloroethylene in man. II. Pharmacokinetic of metabolites","volume":"32","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00311271","article-title":"Metabolism of trichloroethylene in man. III. Interaction of trichloroethylene and ethanol","volume":"33","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF40","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute, 1976, Carcinogenesis bioassay for trichloroethylene, National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00539728","article-title":"Metabolism of trichloroethylene in human: Sex differences in urinary excretion of trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol","volume":"28","author":"Nomiyama","year":"1971","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF42","first-page":"289","article-title":"The excretion of sodium trichloroacetate","volume":"85","author":"Paykoc","year":"1945","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700280110","article-title":"Collection of a single alveolar exhaled breath for volatile organic compounds analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pleil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1021\/es00046a601","article-title":"Facilities for human exposure studies","volume":"27","author":"Raymer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF45","first-page":"56","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic model to study the excretion of trichloroethylene and its metabolites after an inhalation exposure","volume":"34","author":"Sato","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1971.tb46901.x","article-title":"Kinetics and clinical importance of displacement of warfarin from albumin by acidic drugs","volume":"179","author":"Sellers","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01293.x","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene considering enterohepatic recirculation of major metabolites","author":"Stenner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1970.10665543","article-title":"Experimental human exposure to trichloethylene","volume":"20","author":"Stewart","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1214","article-title":"Relative formation of dichloroacetate and tichloroacetate from trichloroethylene in male B6C3F1 mice","volume":"123","author":"Templin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF50","first-page":"383","article-title":"Biochemical and psychological examinations of trichloroethylene exposed volunteers","volume":"163","author":"Triebig","year":"1976","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Abt. 1 Orig. B. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8486_TO988486RF51","unstructured":"U.S. EPA, 1995, Drinking Water Regulations and Health Advisories, Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X98984861?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X98984861?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:25:58Z","timestamp":1557188758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X98984861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X98984861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/taap.1998.8486","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]}}}