{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:07:52Z","timestamp":1791043672665,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,18]],"date-time":"2002-09-18T22:01:25Z","timestamp":1032386485000},"page":"81-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":349,"title":["Disruption of Androgen-Regulated Male Reproductive Development by Di(n-Butyl) Phthalate during Late Gestation in Rats Is Different from Flutamide"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Eve","family":"Mylchreest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhabananda","family":"Sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell C.","family":"Cattley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(95)03593-V","article-title":"Developmental pattern and regulation by androgens of androgen receptor expression in the urogenital tract of the rat","volume":"113","author":"Bentvelsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endrocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(94)90031-0","article-title":"The androgen receptor of the urogenital tract of the fetal rat is regulated by androgen","volume":"105","author":"Bentvelsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF3","series-title":"Genital System","article-title":"Focal interstitial cell hyperplasia, testes, rat","author":"Boorman","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(77)80014-8","article-title":"Studies on dibutyl phthalate-induced testicular atrophy in the rat: Effect on zinc metabolism","volume":"41","author":"Cater","year":"1977","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(96)00203-1","article-title":"Leydig cell hyperplasia and adenoma formation: Mechanisms and relevance to humans","volume":"11","author":"Clegg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(88)80012-7","article-title":"Testicular toxicity and reduced Sertoli cell numbers in neonatal rats by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the recovery of fertility as adults","volume":"95","author":"Dostal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90031-X","article-title":"Changes in ultrastructure and cytochemical localization of zinc in rat testis following the administration of di-n","volume":"63","author":"Foster","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(81)90134-4","article-title":"Studies on the testicular effects and zinc excretion produced by various isomers of monobutyl-o","volume":"34","author":"Foster","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(80)90165-9","article-title":"Study of the testicular effects and changes in zinc excretion produced by somen","volume":"54","author":"Foster","year":"1980","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF10","first-page":"176","article-title":"Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) induces antiandrogenic but not estrogenicin vivo","volume":"42","author":"Gray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(84)90092-9","article-title":"Effect of some phthalate esters and other testicular toxins on primary cultures of testicular cells","volume":"22","author":"Gray","year":"1984","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105802","article-title":"The estrogenic activity of phthalate estersin vitro","volume":"105","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF13","first-page":"259","article-title":"Anatomical and functional aspects of testicular descent and cryptorchidism","volume":"18","author":"Hutson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90083-X","article-title":"Prenatal phthalate causes cryptorchidism postnatally by inducing transabdominal ascent of the testis in fetal rats","volume":"32","author":"Imajima","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-2-807","article-title":"The development of a male pseudohermaphroditic rat using an inhibitor of the enzyme 5\u03b1-reductase","volume":"116","author":"Imperato-McGinley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.3.1324152","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of the 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the antiandrogen flutamide on prostate and genital differentiation: Dose\u2013response studies","volume":"131","author":"Imperato-McGinley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF17","series-title":"Environmental Health Criteria 189. Di-n-butyl phthalate","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103582","article-title":"A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic","volume":"103","author":"Jobling","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1997.19040577.x","article-title":"The effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to the nonsteroidal antiandrogen flutamide on testis descent and morphology in the Albino Swiss rat","volume":"190","author":"Kassim","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1071\/R98051","article-title":"Antiandrogens as environmental endocrine disruptors","volume":"10","author":"Kelce","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(88)90117-0","article-title":"Comparison of changes in serum androgen binding protein with germinal epithelial damage and infertility by di-n","volume":"11","author":"Lindstrom","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8431","article-title":"Inhibition of androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional activity by DDT isomers and methoxychlor in HepG2 human hepatoma cells","volume":"151","author":"Maness","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF23","first-page":"295","article-title":"In vitroin vivo","volume":"36","author":"Meek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fund. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/43.1.47","article-title":"Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to di(n","volume":"43","author":"Mylchreest","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF25","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF26","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1991, Final Report on the Reproductive Toxicity of Di(n-butyl)phthalate (CAS No. 84-74-2) in Sprague\u2013Dawley Rats, National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF27","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1991, The toxicokinetics and metabolism of di-n, Research Triangle Institute, NTP Chemistry Support Service, Research Triangle Park, NC"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103s783","article-title":"Cellular and molecular effects of developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol: Implications for other environmental estrogens","volume":"103(Suppl. 7)","author":"Newbold","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588001700502","article-title":"Morphometric methods in veterinary pathology: A review","volume":"17","author":"Reid","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90953-E","article-title":"Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract","volume":"341","author":"Sharpe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90384-0","article-title":"The effect of flutamide on testicular descent in rats examined by scanning electron microscopy","volume":"29","author":"Shono","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s4741","article-title":"Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens","volume":"104(Suppl. 4)","author":"Toppari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0960483","article-title":"Disturbed testicular descent in the rat after prenatal exposure to the antiandrogen flutamide","volume":"96","author":"van der Schoot","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105102","article-title":"Reproductive toxicity of di-n","volume":"105","author":"Wine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF35","first-page":"176","article-title":"Phthalate monoesters: Interactions with human sex hormone binding globulin and human estrogen receptors","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8643_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:9:3:253","article-title":"Androgen receptor expression in the testes and epididymides of prenatal and postnatal Sprague\u2013Dawley rats","volume":"9","author":"You","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrine"}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X9998643X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X9998643X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T05:22:41Z","timestamp":1557379361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X9998643X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X9998643X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/taap.1999.8643","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}