{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:12:16Z","timestamp":1790759536105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,18]],"date-time":"2002-09-18T22:01:25Z","timestamp":1032386485000},"page":"125-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Protective Effects of Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone on the Potentiation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Carbon Monoxide"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Deepa","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence D.","family":"Fechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90142-1","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate immunoreactivity in the guinea pig cochlea","volume":"42","author":"Altschuler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90023-T","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases in the organ of Corti of the rat: Enzymatic activity, subunit composition and immunohistochemical localization","volume":"71","author":"Barbary","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF3","first-page":"83","article-title":"HPLC procedure for the pharmacokinetic study of the spin trapping Agent, \u03b1-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN)","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Free Radiol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00044-1","article-title":"Potentiation of octave-band noise induced auditory impairment by carbon monoxide","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00157-4","article-title":"Intermittent noise induced hearing loss and the influence of carbon monoxide","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.0030","article-title":"Effects of superoxide dismutase and U74389G on acute trimethyltin-induced cochlear dysfunction","volume":"136","author":"Clerici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00010-2","article-title":"Direct effects of reactive oxygen species on cochlear outer hair cell shape in vitro","volume":"84","author":"Clerici","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769109049138","article-title":"The free radical trapping agent N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils","volume":"15","author":"Clough-Helfman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Free Radical Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769509064016","article-title":"Detection of free radicals by microdialysis\/spin trapping EPR following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and a cautionary note on the stability of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)","volume":"23","author":"Dugan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Free Radical Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(87)90024-4","article-title":"Effects of carbon monoxide on cochlear electrophysiology and blood flow","volume":"27","author":"Fechter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF11","first-page":"23","article-title":"A mechanistic basis for interactions between noise and chemical exposure","volume":"1","author":"Fechter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Complex Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/58.2.315","article-title":"Predicting auditory impairment under conditions of mixed exposure to noise and carbon monoxide","author":"Fechter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Scs."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.8027","article-title":"Cochlear protection from carbon monoxide exposure by free radical blockers in the guinea pig","volume":"142","author":"Fechter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90049-4","article-title":"Potentiation of noise induced threshold shifts and hair cell loss by carbon monoxide","volume":"34","author":"Fechter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90255-0","article-title":"Attenuation of gentamicin ototoxicity by glutathione in the guinea pig in vivo","volume":"77","author":"Garetz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889778507805","article-title":"Exposure of firefighters to toxic air contaminants","volume":"39","author":"Gold","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10990.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system","volume":"59","author":"Halliwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70015-4","article-title":"Protection against aminoglycoside otic drop induced ototoxicity by a spin trap: I. Acute effects","volume":"119","author":"Hester","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135781","article-title":"Effects of free radicals on the intracellular calcium concentration in the isolated outer hair cell of the guinea pig cochlea","volume":"113","author":"Ikeda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1021\/ar50037a005","article-title":"Spin trapping","volume":"4","author":"Janzen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Accounts Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05025-4","article-title":"Spin trapping","volume":"105","author":"Janzen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-022X(96)00008-5","article-title":"Biological spin trapping methodology. III Octanol\u2013water partition co-efficients of spin trapping compounds","volume":"32","author":"Janzen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80194-8","article-title":"The spin trap, \u03b1-phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone, inhibits the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein","volume":"280","author":"Kalyanaraman","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202A","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198704010-00214","article-title":"Reperfusion induced free radical formation following global ischemia","volume":"21","author":"Kirsch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ped. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF25","first-page":"559","article-title":"Use of organotypic cultures of Corti's organ to study the protective effects of antioxidant molecules on cisplatin-induced damage of auditory hair cells","volume":"18","author":"Kopeke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(98)00126-8","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-kappa B, iNOS mRNA, COX2 mRNA, and COX catalytic activity by phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN)","volume":"1448","author":"Kotake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(86)90104-9","article-title":"In-vivo spin trapping of free radicals generated in brain, spleen, and liver during \u03b3 radiation of mice","volume":"244","author":"Lai","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90516-L","article-title":"A continuous in-vivo model of ischemia-reperfusion induced free radical production in the CSF of pig using spin-trapping agents and EPR techniques","volume":"9","author":"Lange","year":"1990","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071296","article-title":"Carbon monoxide","volume":"31","author":"Lawther","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(98)90115-4","article-title":"Calcium, free radicals and excitotoxins in neuronal apoptosis","volume":"23","author":"Lipton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.10.2171","article-title":"Optimal depth and duration of mild hypothermia in a focal model of transient cerebral ischemia: Effects on neurologic outcome, infarct size, apoptosis and inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Maier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000013846","article-title":"Early elevation of cochlear reactive oxygen species following noise exposure","volume":"4","author":"Ohlemiller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-03-01035.1990","article-title":"Excitatory amino acid release and free radical formation may cooperate in the genesis of ischemia-induced neuronal damage","volume":"10","author":"Pellegrini-Giampietro","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90093-O","article-title":"Protection from cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils with the spin trap agent N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN)","volume":"116","author":"Phillis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)00168-W","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical production in the brain after CO hypoxia in rats","volume":"18","author":"Piantadosi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00423-6","article-title":"Production of hydroxyl radical in the hippocampus after CO hypoxia or hypoxic hypoxia in the rat","volume":"22","author":"Piantadosi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(82)90050-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase activity in the cochlea","volume":"6","author":"Pierson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(80)90540-9","article-title":"Confirmation of assignment of the trichloromethyl radical spin adduct detected by spin trapping during 13C-carbon tetrachloride metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo","volume":"94","author":"Poyer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)00028-3","article-title":"Chemical synaptic transmission in the cochlea","volume":"47","author":"Puel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF40","first-page":"292","article-title":"Effects of exposure duration on potentiation of noise induced hearing loss by carbon monoxide","volume":"48","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/15298667991429868","article-title":"Fire fighter noise exposure","volume":"40","author":"Reischl","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1995.1100","article-title":"Mechanism of protection diethyldithiocarbamate against cisplatin ototoxicity: Antioxidant system","volume":"26","author":"Rybak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.349","volume":"14","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00431-5","article-title":"The structure of free radical metabolites detected by EPR spin trapping and mass spectroscopy from halocarbons in rat liver microsomes","volume":"22","author":"Sang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1998.1086","article-title":"Expression of cytokines and activation of transcription factors in lipopolysaccharide-administered rats and their inhibition by phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN)","volume":"363","author":"Sang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(93)90111-D","article-title":"EPR spin-trapping of nitric oxide formation during bilateral carotid occlusion in the rat","volume":"1181","author":"Sato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64052239.x","article-title":"Involvement of free radicals in excitotoxicity in-vivo","volume":"64","author":"Schulz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110500402","article-title":"The protective effects of tirilated mesylate (U74006F) on ischemic and reperfusion induced cochlear damage","volume":"105","author":"Seidman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110500402","article-title":"The protective effects of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase\u2013polyethylene glycol on ischemic and reperfusion-induced cochlear damage","volume":"105","author":"Seidman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310900613","article-title":"The protective effects of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase on noise-induced cochlear damage","volume":"109","author":"Seidman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769309056513","article-title":"Alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) attenuates hydroxyl radical production during ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat brain: An EPR study","volume":"19","author":"Sen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radical Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1159","article-title":"Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone demonstrates broad spectrum inhibition of apoptosis-associated gene expression in endotoxin-treated rats","volume":"365","author":"Stewart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668091425662","article-title":"Air contaminants encountered by fire-fighters","volume":"41","author":"Treitman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114761","article-title":"Appearance of free radicals in the guinea pig inner ear after noise induced acoustic trauma","volume":"252","author":"Yamane","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01100-7","article-title":"Attenuation of cochlear damage from noise trauma by an iron chelator, a free radical scavenger and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in-vivo","volume":"815","author":"Yamasoba","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8995_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(87)90034-7","article-title":"Carbon monoxide exposure potentiates high frequency auditory threshold shifts induced by noise","volume":"26","author":"Young","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hear. Res."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X00989956?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X00989956?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T07:51:27Z","timestamp":1576482687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X00989956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X00989956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/taap.2000.8995","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}