{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:00:33Z","timestamp":1784743233044,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,18]],"date-time":"2002-09-18T22:01:25Z","timestamp":1032386485000},"page":"49-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Inhibition of Axonal Morphogenesis by Nonlethal, Submicromolar Concentrations of Methylmercury"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Heidemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Lamoureux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Atchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.32.163","article-title":"A serum-free culture of the neurons in the septal, pre-optic and hypothalamic region. Effects of tri-iodothyronine and estradiol","volume":"32","author":"Akuzawa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Jpn."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Methylmercury poisoning in mothers and their suckling infants","volume":"8","author":"Amin-Zaki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dev. Toxicol. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF3","series-title":"The Vulnerable Brain and Environmental Risks","first-page":"3","article-title":"Methylmercury neurotoxicity and its uptake across the blood-brain barrier","author":"Aschner","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.9.7516300","article-title":"Mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Atchison","year":"1994","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00210-9","article-title":"Changes in neuropeptide immunoreactivity in cultured adult mouse sensory neurons following methylmercury chloride treatments","volume":"246","author":"Baxter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.1.514","article-title":"Growth of rat neuroblastoma cell line in serum-free supplemented medium","volume":"76","author":"Bottenstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8561","article-title":"Methylmercury antagonizes the survival-promoting activity of insulin-like growth factor on developing cerebellar granule neurons","volume":"153","author":"Bulleit","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(90)90091-P","article-title":"Methylmercury developmental neurotoxicity: A comparison of effects in humans and animals","volume":"12","author":"Burbacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF9","first-page":"117","article-title":"In vitro effects of methylmercury on the nervous system: A neurotoxicological study","volume":"13","author":"Capo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(20000315)59:6<775::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Early acute necrosis, delayed apoptosis, and cytoskeletal breakdown in cultured cerebellar granule neurons exposed to methylmercury","volume":"59","author":"Castoldi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(85)90173-7","article-title":"Formulation of a novel synthetic medium for selectively culturing rat CNS neurons","volume":"22","author":"Cestelli","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.10.1179","article-title":"Cytomechanics of neurite outgrowth from chick brain neurons","volume":"110","author":"Chada","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197811000-00001","article-title":"Abnormal neuronal migration, deranged cerebral cortical organization, and diffuse white matter astrocytes of human fetal brain: A major effect of methylmercury poisoning in utero","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293454","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury on neuroepithelial germinal cells in the developing telencephalic vesicles of mice","volume":"81","author":"Choi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.12.040172.002111","article-title":"The pharmacology of mercury compounds","volume":"12","author":"Clarkson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.001411","article-title":"Neuronal polarity","volume":"17","author":"Craig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of mercury: Indicators and effects of low level exposure","volume":"17","author":"Cranmer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF18","first-page":"47","article-title":"Mercurial-induced alterations in neuronal divalent cation homeostasis","volume":"17","author":"Denny","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-04-01454.1988","article-title":"The establishment of polarity by hippocampal neurons in culture","volume":"8","author":"Dotti","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(83)90006-8","article-title":"Gangliosides enhance neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells","volume":"8","author":"Ferrari","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF21","series-title":"Culturing Nerve Cells","first-page":"251","article-title":"Rat hippocampal neurons in low-density culture","author":"Goslin","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF22","series-title":"Toxicology of Metals","first-page":"639","article-title":"Cytoskeletal toxicity of heavy metals","author":"Graff","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8138","article-title":"Altered sensitivity of posttranslationally modified microtubules to methylmercury in differentiating embryonal carcinoma derived neurons","volume":"144","author":"Graff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(97)00097-4","article-title":"Cognitive deficit in 7-year-old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury","volume":"19","author":"Grandjean","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050880104","article-title":"A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo","volume":"88","author":"Hamburger","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62224-X","article-title":"Cytoplasmic mechanisms of axonal and dendritic growth in neurons","volume":"165","author":"Heidemann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050988","article-title":"The role of microtubules during formation of cell processes in neuronal and non-neuronal cells","volume":"291","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00273-5","article-title":"Migration of granule neurons in cerebellar organotypic cultures is impaired by methylmercury","volume":"226","author":"Kunimoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(88)90004-1","article-title":"GABAergic neurons in cultures derived from three-, six-, or eight-day-old chick embryo: A biochemical and immunocytochemical study","volume":"40","author":"Mangoura","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8383","article-title":"Elevations of intracellular Ca2+ as a probable contributor to decreased viability in cerebellar granule cells following acute exposure to methylmercury","volume":"150","author":"Marty","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF31","series-title":"Advances in Mercury Toxicology","first-page":"241","article-title":"Microtubules: A susceptible target of methylmercury cytotoxicity","author":"Miura","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8781","article-title":"The involvement of microtubular disruption in methylmercury-induced apoptosis in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines","volume":"160","author":"Miura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)00895-5","article-title":"Comparison of the developmental effects of two mercury compounds on glial cells and neurons in aggregate cultures of rat telencephalon","volume":"741","author":"Monnet-Tschudi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF34","first-page":"819","article-title":"Effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure from a high fish diet on developmental milestones in the Seychelles Child Development Study","volume":"18","author":"Myers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurooxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(81)90132-6","article-title":"Effect of methylmercury and inorganic mercury on the nerve growth factor induced neurite outgrowth in chick embryonic sensory ganglia","volume":"8","author":"Nakada","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF36","series-title":"Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF37","series-title":"The Vulnerable Brain and Environmental Risks","first-page":"19","article-title":"The neurotoxicity of methylmercury in the developing nervous system","author":"O'Kusky","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8685","article-title":"Induction of the cell cycle regulatory gene p21 (Waf1, Cip1) following methylmercury exposure in vitro and in vivo","volume":"157","author":"Ou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/281378a0","article-title":"Morphological and biochemical maturation of neurons cultured in the absence of glial cells","volume":"281","author":"Pettmann","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF40","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury on the development of the nervous system: Review","volume":"1","author":"Reuhl","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000112560","article-title":"Neuronal cells from chick embryo cerebral hemispheres cultivated on polylysine-coated surfaces","volume":"1","author":"Sensenbrenner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(94)03176-8","article-title":"In vitro toxicity of methyl mercury: Effects on nerve growth factor (NGF)-responsive neurons and on NGF synthesis in fibroblasts","volume":"75","author":"Soderstrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF43","series-title":"Principles and Procedures of Statistics","author":"Steel","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.98.3.1017","article-title":"Heterogeniety among microtubules of the cytoplasmic microtubule complex detected by a monoclonal antibody to alpha tubulin","volume":"98","author":"Thompson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901980207","article-title":"3H-thymidine autoradiographic analysis of telencephalic histogenesis in the chick embryo: I. Neuronal birthdates of telencephalic compartments in situ","volume":"198","author":"Tsai","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186_RF46","series-title":"Minamata Disease: Methylmercury poisoning in Minimata and Niigata, Japan","author":"Tsubaki","year":"1977"}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X01991860?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X01991860?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T03:26:15Z","timestamp":1620012375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X01991860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X01991860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/taap.2001.9186","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}}}