{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:46:09Z","timestamp":1791837969028,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,18]],"date-time":"2002-09-18T22:01:25Z","timestamp":1032386485000},"page":"185-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Polychlorinated Biphenyls Interfere with Androgen-Induced Transcriptional Activation and Hormone Binding"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Portigal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P.","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew N.","family":"Fedoruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Rennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen C.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF1","unstructured":"ATSDR, 1998a, PCB, HazDat, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF2","unstructured":"ATSDR, 1998b, Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60172a019","article-title":"Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls","volume":"1","author":"Bitman","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00368-1","article-title":"Effect of highly bioaccumulated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on estrogen and androgen receptor activity","volume":"158","author":"Bonefold-Jorgensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s4639","article-title":"Characterization of potential endocrine-related health effects at low-dose levels of exposure to PCBs","volume":"107","author":"Brouwer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5293","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.12.5564","article-title":"Both androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor are able to induce prostate-specific antigen expression, but differ in their growth-stimulating properties of LNCaP cells","volume":"138","author":"Cleutjens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105294","article-title":"Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins","volume":"105","author":"Danzo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1253","article-title":"Inhibition of intracellular communication by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs in mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c7): Involvement of the Ah receptor","volume":"129","author":"De Hann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7870","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.23.7870","article-title":"Cloning of firefly luciferase cDNA and the expression of active luciferase","volume":"82","author":"de Wet","year":"1985","journal-title":"Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF10","unstructured":"EPA, 1976, Industrial Use and Environmental Distribution, NTIS PB252\u2013012, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF11","unstructured":"EPA, 1986, Broad Scan Analysis of FY82 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey Specimens, Vol, III. Semi-volatile Organic Compounds, Washington, DC, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. EPA 560\/5-86-037."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1021\/tx000208y","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity relationships for a large diverse set of natural, synthetic, and environmental estrogens","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1191\/096032798678908954","article-title":"Effects on development landmarks and reproductive capability of 3,3\u2032,4,4\u2032-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,3\u2032,4,4\u2032,5-pentachlorobiphenyl in offspring of rats exposed during pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Faqi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.58.4.852","article-title":"Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor alpha and beta, and androgen receptor: Structure\u2013activity studies","volume":"58","author":"Gaido","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1227","article-title":"Developmental effects of an environmental antiandrogen: The fungicide vinclozolin alters sex differentiation of the male rat","volume":"129","author":"Gray","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1993.1038","article-title":"Reproductive and thyroid effects of low-level polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) exposure","volume":"20","author":"Gray","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1191\/074823399678846646","article-title":"Environmental antiandrogens: Low doses of the fungicide vinclozolin alter sexual differentiation of the male rat","volume":"15","author":"Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF18","first-page":"1200","article-title":"FDA total diet study, April 1982\u20131984: Dietary intake of pesticides, selected elements and other chemicals","volume":"71","author":"Gunderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF19","series-title":"Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Harlow","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1996.9936015","article-title":"Organochlorine compounds: Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer?","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25756","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.36.25756","article-title":"Cooperative assembly of androgen receptor into a nucleoprotein complex that regulates the prostate-specific antigen enhancer","volume":"274","author":"Huang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(93)90230-5","article-title":"Estrogenic and antiestrogenic actions of PCBs in the female rat: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"7","author":"Jansen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101422","article-title":"Binding of polychloronated biphenyls to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"101","author":"Kafafi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.7966","article-title":"Vinclozolin and p,p\u2032-DDE alter androgen-dependent gene expression: In vivo confirmation of an androgen receptor-mediated mechanism","volume":"142","author":"Kelce","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1117","article-title":"Environmental hormone disruptors: Evidence that vinclozolin developmental toxicity is mediated by antiandrogenic metabolites","volume":"126","author":"Kelce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/375581a0","article-title":"Persistent DDT metabolite p,p\u2032-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist","volume":"75","author":"Kelce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s001289900213","article-title":"Non-,mono-, and di-o-chlorobiphenyl concentrations and their toxic equivalents to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin in arochlors and digestive glands from american lobster(Homarus americanus) captured in Atlantic Canada","volume":"57","author":"King","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(98)00256-2","article-title":"Metabolism of 2,3\u2032,4\u2032,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl by cytochrome P450 from rats, guinea pigs and hamsters","volume":"37","author":"Koga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8560193","article-title":"Studies on populations exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls","volume":"60","author":"Kreiss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF30","first-page":"61","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human adipose tissue","volume":"120","author":"Kutz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8431","article-title":"Inhibition of androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional activity by DDT isomers and methoxychlor in HepG2 human hepatoma cells","volume":"151","author":"Maness","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.961041302","article-title":"A QSAR evaluation of Ah receptor binding of halogenated aromatic xenobiotics","volume":"104","author":"Mekenyan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF33","first-page":"691","article-title":"Preliminary evidence of neurotoxicity associated with eating fish from the Upper St. Lawrence River Lakes","volume":"19","author":"Mergler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90659-8","article-title":"Genetic complementation of a glucocorticoid receptor deficiency by expression of cloned receptor cDNA","volume":"46","author":"Miesfield","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.8022","article-title":"Antiestrogenic activity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners identified in human serum","volume":"142","author":"Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-102-5-1429","article-title":"Displacement of estradiol from estrogen receptors by simple alkylphenols","volume":"102","author":"Mueller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.12.0396","article-title":"Determinants of DNA sequence specificity of the androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors: Evidence for differential steroid receptor response elements","volume":"13","author":"Nelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379901500108","article-title":"The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Ostby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00102-3","article-title":"A structural biologist's view of the oestrogen receptor","volume":"74","author":"Pike","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.17.4608","article-title":"Structure of the ligand-binding domain of oestrogen receptor beta in the presence of a partial agonist and full antagonist","volume":"18","author":"Pike","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF41","first-page":"23","article-title":"Characterization of two cis-acting DNA elements involved in the androgen regulation of the probasin gene","volume":"7","author":"Rennie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199912)36:6<630::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Mortality patterns among electrical workers employed in the U.S. construction industry, 1982\u20131987","volume":"36","author":"Robinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(83)90063-4","article-title":"Effect of postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on adult male reproductive function","volume":"31","author":"Sager","year":"1983","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01609078","article-title":"Effect of early postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on fertility in male rats","volume":"38","author":"Sager","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379601200312","article-title":"Neuropsychological assessment of an aging population of Great Lakes fisheaters","volume":"12","author":"Schantz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/53.2.278","article-title":"Examination of selected food additives and organochlorine food contaminants for androgenic activity in vitro","volume":"53","author":"Schrader","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.15.6419","article-title":"Rapid detection of octamer binding proteins with \u201cmini-extracts\u201d, prepared from a small number of cells","volume":"17","author":"Schreiber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF48","series-title":"Endocrine Disruptors: Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems","first-page":"225","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors and male infertility","author":"Sikka","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.1.200","article-title":"Imprinting by neonatal sex steroids on the structure and function of the mature mouse prostate","volume":"61","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(19980901)36:4<256::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Differential transactivation by the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells","volume":"36","author":"Snoek","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Prostate"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103s7113","article-title":"The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants","volume":"103","author":"Soto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.4.1152","article-title":"Identification of two nuclear androgen receptors in kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) and their binding affinities for xenobiotics: Comparison with Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) androgen receptors","volume":"61","author":"Sperry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF53","first-page":"11","article-title":"Challenging risk assessment: Traditional toxicological testing cannot detect the adverse effects of very low doses of environmental chemicals","volume":"13","author":"vom Saal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forum Appl. Res. Public Policy"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.5.2056","article-title":"Prostate enlargement in mice due to fetal exposure to low doses of estradiol or diethylstilbesterol and opposite effects at high doses","volume":"94","author":"vom Saal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.135.1.8013351","article-title":"Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic","volume":"135","author":"White","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/55.1.152","article-title":"Characterization of the period of sensitivity of fetal male sexual development to vinclozolin","volume":"55","author":"Wolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(84)91595-X","article-title":"Synthesis of active firefly luciferase by in vitro translation of RNA obtained from adult lanterns","volume":"124","author":"Wood","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9371_RF58","first-page":"162","article-title":"Impaired male sexual development in perinatal Sprague\u2013Dawley and Long-Evans hooded rats exposed in utero and lactationally to p,p\u2032-DDE","volume":"45","author":"You","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X02993713?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X02993713?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T13:20:09Z","timestamp":1583414409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X02993713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X02993713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/taap.2002.9371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}}}