{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:58:39Z","timestamp":1791932319995,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3942,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,4]],"date-time":"2003-02-04T14:49:19Z","timestamp":1044370159000},"page":"299-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Recombinant Chimeric Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Viruses as Potential Vaccine Candidates"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Randal J.","family":"Schoepp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.123","article-title":"An inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick-embryo cell culture. II. Clinical and serologic responses in man","volume":"19","author":"Bartelloni","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.322","article-title":"Western equine encephalomyelitis: Virulence markers and their epidemiologic significance","volume":"49","author":"Bianchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.6.4162-4166.1996","article-title":"Monkeys immunized with intertypic chimeric dengue viruses are protected against wild-type virus challenge","volume":"70","author":"Bray","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.3095-3101.1999","article-title":"Yellow fever\/Japanese encephalitis chimeric viruses: Construction and biological properties","volume":"73","author":"Chambers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1458","article-title":"Attenuated mutants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus containing lethal mutations in the PE2 cleavage signal combined with a second-site suppressor mutation in E1","volume":"212","author":"Davis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90114-Q","article-title":"Attenuating mutations in the E2 glycoprotein gene of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: Construction of single and multiple mutants in a full-length cDNA clone","volume":"183","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90526-6","article-title":"In vitro synthesis of infectious Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus RNA from a cDNA clone: Analysis of a viable deletion mutant","volume":"171","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(88)90292-9","article-title":"Genome sequences of a mouse-avirulent and a mouse-virulent strain of Ross River virus","volume":"163","author":"Faragher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.23.8998","article-title":"Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: Amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer","volume":"85","author":"Frohman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.16.5997","article-title":"Western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus","volume":"85","author":"Hahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.19.3.429-431.1984","article-title":"Protective efficacies of live attenuated and formaldehyde-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccines against aerosol challenge in hamsters","volume":"19","author":"Jahrling","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF12","series-title":"Fields Virology","first-page":"843","author":"Johnston","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.11.7900-7909.1996","article-title":"Chimeric Sindbis-Ross River viruses to study interactions between alphavirus nonstructural and structural regions","volume":"70","author":"Kuhn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90584-X","article-title":"Infectious RNA transcripts from Ross River virus cDNA clones and the construction and characterization of defined chimeras with Sindbis virus","volume":"182","author":"Kuhn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90191-S","article-title":"Complete sequence of the genomic RNA of O'Nyong-nyong virus and its use in the construction of alphavirus phylogenetic trees","volume":"175","author":"Levinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.8.4107-4113.1991","article-title":"In vitro mutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of Semliki Forest virus: The small 6000-molecular-weight membrane protein modulates virus release","volume":"65","author":"Liljestrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.3.1316-1323.1994","article-title":"Nucleocapsid-glycoprotein interactions required for assembly of alphaviruses","volume":"68","author":"Lopez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1321985","article-title":"Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes albopictus in Florida","volume":"257","author":"Mitchell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.4.1742-1751.2000","article-title":"Chimeric yellow fever virus 17D-Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine: Dose-response effectiveness and extended safety testing in Rhesus monkeys","volume":"74","author":"Monath","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.4.1639-1647.1990","article-title":"Mutagenesis of the conserved 51-nucleotide region of Sindbis virus","volume":"64","author":"Niesters","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.9.4162-4168.1990","article-title":"Defined mutations in the 5\u2032 nontranslated sequence of Sindbis virus RNA","volume":"64","author":"Niesters","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.55.1.41","article-title":"The preparation and properties of a purified equine encephalomyelitis vaccine","volume":"55","author":"Randall","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.61.12.3809-3819.1987","article-title":"Production of infectious RNA transcripts from Sindbis virus cDNA clones: Mapping of lethal mutations, rescue of a temperature-sensitive marker, and in vitro mutagenesis to generate defined mutants","volume":"61","author":"Rice","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF24","unstructured":"SAS, 1996, Version 6.12, SAS Institute, Cary, NC."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF25","series-title":"Fields Virology","first-page":"825","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60838-6","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus: Epidemiology and evolution of mosquito transmission","volume":"37","author":"Scott","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.1.818-823.1997","article-title":"Efficient multiplication of a Semliki Forest virus chimera containing Sindbis virus spikes","volume":"71","author":"Smyth","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(84)90428-8","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of Sindbis virus","volume":"133","author":"Strauss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.3.491-562.1994","article-title":"The alphaviruses: Gene expression, replication, and evolution","volume":"58","author":"Strauss","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1599","article-title":"A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses with those of other alphaviruses and related RNA viruses","volume":"197","author":"Weaver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.1.613-623.1997","article-title":"Recombinational history and molecular evolution of western equine encephalomyelitis complex alphaviruses","volume":"71","author":"Weaver","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7910","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.11.7910-7920.1996","article-title":"Interactions between PE2, E1, and 6K required for assembly of alphaviruses studied with chimeric viruses","volume":"70","author":"Yao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1677_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.2.1418-1423.1998","article-title":"Molecular genetic study of the interaction of Sindbis virus E2 with Ross River virus E1 for virus budding","volume":"72","author":"Yao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682202916776?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682202916776?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T23:19:16Z","timestamp":1758583156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682202916776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0042682202916776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.2002.1677","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recombinant Chimeric Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Viruses as Potential Vaccine Candidates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.2002.1677","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}