{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:54:35Z","timestamp":1784195675091,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer New York","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780387308319","type":"print"},{"value":"9780387337784","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-33778-4_6","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,25]],"date-time":"2007-02-25T13:46:08Z","timestamp":1172411168000},"page":"98-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Overview of Role of the Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Thomas T.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(88)80094-5","volume":"95","author":"S.P. James","year":"1988","unstructured":"James SP. Remission of Crohn\u2019s disease after human immunodeficiency virus infection. Gastroenterology 1988; 95:1667\u20131669.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91722-G","volume":"102","author":"G.E. Mullin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mullin GE, Lazenby AJ, Harris ML et al. Increased interleukin-2 messenger RNA in the intestinal mucosal lesions of Crohn\u2019s disease but not ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1992; 102:1620\u20131627.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR3","first-page":"127","volume":"78","author":"E. Breese","year":"1993","unstructured":"Breese E, Braegger CP, Corrigan CJ et al. Interleukin-2-and interferon-gamma-secreting T cells in normal and diseased human intestinal mucosa. Immunology 1993; 78:127\u2013131.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"6_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.3.1261","volume":"157","author":"I.J. Fuss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fuss IJ, Neurath M, Boirivant M et al. Disparate CD4+ lamina propria (LP) lymphokine secretion profiles in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn\u2019s disease LP cells manifest increased secretion of IFN-gamma, whereas ulcerative colitis LP cells manifest increased secretion of IL-5. J Immunol 1996; 157:1261\u20131270.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70128-8","volume":"112","author":"G. Monteleone","year":"1997","unstructured":"Monteleone G, Biancone L, Marasco R et al. Interleukin 12 is expressed and actively released by Crohn\u2019s disease intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells. Gastroenterology 1997; 112:1169\u20131178.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR6","first-page":"823","volume":"150","author":"P. Parronchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Parronchi P, Romagnani P, Annunziato F et al. Type 1 T-helper cell predominance and interleukin-12 expression in the gut of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. Am J Pathol 1997; 150:823\u2013832.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7234","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.12.7234","volume":"165","author":"T. Parrello","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parrello T, Monteleone G, Cucchiara S et al. Up-regulation of the IL-12 receptor beta 2 chain in Crohn\u2019s disease. J Immunol 2000; 165:7234\u20137239.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.143","volume":"163","author":"G. Monteleone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Monteleone G, Trapasso F, Parrello T et al. Bioactive IL-18 expression is up-regulated in Crohn\u2019s disease. J Immunol 1999; 163:143\u2013147.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6829","volume":"162","author":"T.T. Pizarro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pizarro TT, Michie MH, Bentz M et al. IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine, is up-regulated in Crohn\u2019s disease: Expression and localization in intestinal mucosal cells. J Immunol 1999; 162:6829\u20136835.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg904","volume":"3","author":"O. Avni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Avni O, Lee D, Macian F et al. T(H) cell differentiation is accompanied by dynamic changes in histone acetylation of cytokine genes. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:643\u2013651.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80702-3","volume":"100","author":"S.J. Szabo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Szabo SJ, Kim ST, Costa GL et al. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell 2000; 100:655\u2013669.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/ni807","volume":"3","author":"A.C. Mullen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mullen AC, Hutchins AS, High FA et al. Hlx is induced by and genetically interacts with T-bet to promote heritable T(H)1 gene induction. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:652\u2013658.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/ni794","volume":"3","author":"M. Afkarian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Afkarian M, Sedy JR, Yang J et al. T-bet is a STAT1-induced regulator of IL-12R expression in naive CD4+ T cells. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:549\u2013557.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15137","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261570598","volume":"98","author":"A.A. Lighvani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lighvani AA, Frucht DM, Jankovic D et al. T-bet is rapidly induced by interferon-gamma in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:15137\u201315142.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"6_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011956","volume":"195","author":"M.F. Neurath","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neurath MF, Weigmann B, Finotto S et al. The transcription factor T-bet regulates mucosal T cell activation in experimental colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. J Exp Med 2002; 195:1129\u20131143.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"6_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07284-7","volume":"359","author":"F. Shanahan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shanahan F. Crohn\u2019s disease. Lancet 2002; 359:62\u201369.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03836.x","volume":"102","author":"R. Duchmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Duchmann R, Kaiser I, Hermann E et al. Tolerance exists towards resident intestinal flora but is broken in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 102:448\u2013455.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200005000-00003","volume":"79","author":"J.A. Winkelstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Johnston Jr RB et al. Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79:155\u2013169.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"6_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.1.127","volume":"42","author":"B. Myrup","year":"1998","unstructured":"Myrup B, Valerius NH, Mortensen PB. Treatment of enteritis in chronic granulomatous disease with granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Gut 1998; 42:127\u2013130.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/35079114","volume":"411","author":"Y. Ogura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease. Nature 2001; 411:603\u2013606.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107","volume":"411","author":"J.P. Hugot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease. Nature 2001; 411:599\u2013603.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00324-2","volume":"16","author":"S. Pflanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pflanz S, Timans JC, Cheung J et al. IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine composed of EBI3 and p28 protein, induces proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells. Immunity 2002; 16:779\u2013790.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70197-0","volume":"115","author":"A.D. Christ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Christ AD, Stevens AC, Koeppen H et al. An interleukin 12-related cytokine is up-regulated in ulcerative colitis but not in Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 1998; 115:307\u2013313.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200108000-00006","volume":"7","author":"F. Omata","year":"2001","unstructured":"Omata F, Birkenbach M, Matsuzaki S et al. The expression of IL-12 p40 and its homologue, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2001; 7:215\u2013220.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"6_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90552-X","volume":"93","author":"K. Kett","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kett K, Rognum TO, Brandtzaeg P. Mucosal subclass distribution of immunoglobulin G-producing cells is different in ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease of the colon. Gastroenterology 1987; 93:919\u2013924.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR26","first-page":"118","volume-title":"The B cell system. Food Allergy & Intolerance","author":"P. Brandtzaeg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg P. The B cell system. Food Allergy & Intolerance. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1987; 118\u2013155."},{"key":"6_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.20.1.1","volume":"20","author":"A.S. Mee","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mee AS, McLaughlin JE, Hodgson HJ et al. Chronic immune colitis in rabbits. Gut 1979; 20:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.7.902","volume":"33","author":"T.S. Halstensen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Halstensen TS, Mollnes TE, Garred P et al. Surface epithelium related activation of complement differs in Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut 1992; 33:902\u2013908.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90343-Y","volume":"98","author":"T.S. Halstensen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Halstensen TS, Mollnes TE, Garred P et al. Epithelial deposition of immunoglobulin G1 and activated complement (C3b and terminal complement complex) in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1990; 98:1264\u20131271.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.5.650","volume":"34","author":"T.S. Halstensen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Halstensen TS, Das KM, Brandtzaeg P. Epithelial deposits of immunoglobulin G1 and activated complement colocalise with the M(r) 40 kD putative autoantigen in ulcerative colitis. Gut 1993; 34:650\u2013657.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5543.19","volume":"2","author":"A.R. McGiven","year":"1967","unstructured":"McGiven AR, Ghose T, Nairn RC. Autoantibodies in ulcerative colitis. Br Med J 1967; 2:19\u201323.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"6_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02779528","volume":"8","author":"H. Marcussen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Marcussen H, Nerup J. Fluorescent anti-colon and organ-specific antibodies in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1973; 8:9\u201315.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90016-7","volume":"106","author":"P. Rutgeerts","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rutgeerts P, D\u2019Haens G, Hiele M et al. Appendectomy protects against ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1994; 106:1251\u20131253.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70064-7","volume":"112","author":"F. Shanahan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shanahan F, O\u2019Sullivan GC. Appendectomy, mucosal immunity, and colitis. Gastroenterology 1997; 112:1766\u20131767.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9368","volume":"119","author":"K. Okazaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Okazaki K, Onodera H, Watanabe N et al. A patient with improvement of ulcerative colitis after appendectomy. Gastroenterology 2000; 119:502\u2013506.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.803","volume":"51","author":"J. Cosnes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cosnes J, Carbonnel F, Beaugerie L et al. Effects of appendectomy on the course of ulcerative colitis. Gut 2002; 51:803\u2013807.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-71984-4_6","volume":"229","author":"R. Pospisil","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pospisil R, Mage RG. Rabbit appendix: A site of development and selection of the B cell repertoire. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1998; 229:59\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210207","volume":"21","author":"J.D. Reynolds","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reynolds JD, Kennedy L, Reppard J et al. Ileal Peyer\u2019s patch emigrants are predominantly B cells and travel to all lymphoid tissues in sheep. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:283\u2013289.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.1.44","volume":"51","author":"V.C. Thoree","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thoree VC, Golby SJ, Boursier L et al. Related IgA1 and IgG producing cells in blood and diseased mucosa in ulcerative colitis. Gut 2002; 51:44\u201350.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"III47","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.suppl_3.iii47","volume":"50","author":"S.J. Deventer van","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Deventer SJ. Small therapeutic molecules for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2002; 50(Suppl 3):III47\u2013III53.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199805000-00027","volume":"4","author":"T.T. MacDonald","year":"1998","unstructured":"MacDonald TT, Pender SL. Proteolytic enzymes in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1998; 4:157\u2013164.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"6_CR42","first-page":"519","volume":"148","author":"U.K. Saarialho-Kere","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saarialho-Kere UK, Vaalamo M, Puolakkainen P et al. Enhanced expression of matrilysin, collagenase, and stromelysin-1 in gastrointestinal ulcers. Am J Pathol 1996; 148:519\u2013526.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR43","first-page":"1005","volume":"152","author":"M. Vaalamo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vaalamo M, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Puolakkainen P et al. Distinct expression profiles of stromelysin-2 (MMP-10), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) in intestinal ulcerations. Am J Pathol 1998; 152:1005\u20131014.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70136-2","volume":"115","author":"S.L. Pender","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pender SL, Breese EJ, Gunther U et al. Suppression of T cell-mediated injury in human gut by interleukin 10: Role of matrix metalloproteinases. Gastroenterology 1998; 115:573\u2013583.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.1.57","volume":"47","author":"R.B. Heuschkel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heuschkel RB, MacDonald TT, Monteleone G et al. Imbalance of stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 in the mucosal lesions of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2000; 47:57\u201362.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"6_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.4.1582","volume":"158","author":"S.L. Pender","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pender SL, Tickle SP, Docherty AJ et al. A major role for matrix metalloproteinases in T cell injury in the gut. J Immunol 1997; 158:1582\u20131590.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70391-4","volume":"117","author":"G. Monteleone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Monteleone G, MacDonald TT, Wathen NC et al. Enhancing lamina propria Th1 cell responses with interleukin 12 produces severe tissue injury. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:1069\u20131077.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukashev ME, Werb Z. ECM signalling: Orchestrating cell behaviour and misbehaviour. Trends Cell Biol 1998; 437\u201341.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(98)01362-2"},{"key":"6_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3220809","volume":"322","author":"K. Imai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Imai K, Hiramatsu A, Fukushima D et al. Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases: Identification of the cleavage sites, kinetic analyses and transforming growth factor-beta1 release. Biochem J 1997; 322:809\u201314.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"6_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9769","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.16.9769","volume":"273","author":"J.A. Uria","year":"1998","unstructured":"Uria JA, Jimenez MG, Balbin M et al. Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the expression of collagenase-1 and collagenase-3 in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:9769\u20139777.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12821","volume":"108","author":"G. Monteleone","year":"2001","unstructured":"Monteleone G, Kumberova A, Croft NM et al. Blocking Smad7 restores TGF\u03b11 signalling in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:601\u2013608.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.7.1861","volume":"139","author":"A. Lochter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lochter A, Galosy S, Muschler J et al. Matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 triggers a cascade of molecular alterations that leads to stable epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion and a premalignant phenotype in mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Biol 1997; 139:1861\u201372.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"6_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.1.111","volume":"114","author":"V. Noe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noe V, Fingleton B, Jacobs K et al. Release of an invasion promoter E-cadherin fragment by matrilysin and stromelysin-1. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:111\u2013118.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"6_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00301.x","volume":"14","author":"G. Berx","year":"1995","unstructured":"Berx G, Cleton-Jansen AM, Nollet F et al. E-cadherin is a tumour\/invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers. EMBO J 1995; 14:6107\u201315.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"6_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.6.3531","volume":"274","author":"M. Roghani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roghani M, Becherer JD, Moss ML et al. Metalloprotease-disintegrin MDC9: Intracellular maturation and catalytic activity. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:3531\u201340.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14657","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.25.14657","volume":"271","author":"A. Ito","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ito A, Mukaiyama A, Itoh Y et al. Degradation of interleukin 1\u03b1 by matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:14657\u201360.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/359693a0","volume":"359","author":"M.M. Shull","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature 1992; 359:693\u2013699.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.2.770","volume":"90","author":"A.B. Kulkarni","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kulkarni AB, Huh CG, Becker D et al. Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:770\u2013774.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"6_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613031","volume":"110","author":"M.W. Babyatsky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Babyatsky MW, Rossiter G, Podolsky DK. Expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:975\u2013984.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071809","volume":"296","author":"L. Attisano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Attisano L, Wrana JL. Signal transduction by the TGF-beta superfamily. Science 2002; 296:1646\u20131647.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.24.4359","volume":"114","author":"A. Moustakas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moustakas A, Souchelnytskyi S, Heldin CH. Smad regulation in TGF-beta signal transduction. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:4359\u20134369.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"6_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303654200","volume":"279","author":"G. Monteleone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Monteleone G, Mann J, Monteleone I et al. A failure of transforming growth factor-beta1 negative regulation maintains sustained NF-kappa B activation in gut inflammation. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279:3925\u20133932.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahkalidis P et al. Microscopic colitis. J Gastro Hepatol 17:236\u2013248.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02640.x"},{"key":"6_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90198-6","volume":"20","author":"A.J. Lazenby","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lazenby AJ, Yardley JH, Giardiello FM et al. Lymphocytic (\u201cmicroscopic\u201d) colitis: A comparative histopathologic study with particular reference to collagenous colitis. Hum Pathol 1989; 20:18\u201328.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR65","first-page":"709","volume":"91","author":"J.F. Mosnier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mosnier JF, Larvol L, Barge J et al. Lymphocytic and collagenous colitis: An immunohistochemical study. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:709\u2013713.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65145-0","volume":"155","author":"U. Gunther","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gunther U, Schuppan D, Bauer M et al. Fibrogenesis and fibrolysis in collagenous colitis. Patterns of procollagen types I and IV, matrix-metalloproteinase-1 and-13, and TIMP-1 gene expression. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:493\u2013503.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36042","volume":"123","author":"S. Miehlke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miehlke S, Heymer P, Bethke B et al. Budesonide treatment for collagenous colitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:978\u2013984.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/0-387-33778-4_6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T19:47:25Z","timestamp":1683748045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/0-387-33778-4_6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"ISBN":["9780387308319","9780387337784"],"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-33778-4_6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}