{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:01:45Z","timestamp":1774360905611,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540269212","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540319627","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/11510154_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,22]],"date-time":"2010-12-22T02:21:02Z","timestamp":1292984462000},"page":"1-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Visualizing Knowledge and Information: An Introduction"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigmar-Olaf","family":"Tergan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR1","first-page":"31","volume":"14","author":"S.R. Alpert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alpert, S.R.: Abstraction in Concept Map and Coupled Outline Knowledge Representations. Journal of Interactive Learning Research\u00a014(1), 31\u201349 (2003)","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Learning Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR2","first-page":"313","volume":"9","author":"S.R. Alpert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alpert, S.R., Gruenenberg, K.: Concept mapping with multimedia on the web. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia\u00a09(4), 313\u2013330 (2000)","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia"},{"key":"1_CR3","volume-title":"Human memory","author":"A.D. Baddeley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baddeley, A.D.: Human memory. Allyn & Bacon, Boston (1998)"},{"key":"1_CR4","unstructured":"Bellinger, G., Castro, D., Mills, A.: Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, February 7 (2004), Online available, \n                    \n                      http:\/\/www.systems-thinking.org\/dikw\/dikw.htm"},{"key":"1_CR5","volume-title":"Human cognition. Learning, understanding, and remembering","author":"J.D. Bransford","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bransford, J.D.: Human cognition. Learning, understanding, and remembering. Wadsworth, Belmont (1979)"},{"key":"1_CR6","volume-title":"How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., Cocking, R.R. (eds.): How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. National Academy Press, Washington (1999)"},{"key":"1_CR7","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Proceedings of Conference on Educational Uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICEUT 2000)","author":"E. Bruillard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bruillard, E., Baron, G.-L.: Computer-Based Concept Mapping: a Review of a Cognitive Tool for Students. In: Benzie, D., Passey, D. (eds.) Proceedings of Conference on Educational Uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICEUT 2000), pp. 331\u2013338. Publishing House of Electronics Industry (PHEI), Beijing (2000)"},{"key":"1_CR8","volume-title":"The Mind Map book","author":"T. Buzan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buzan, T.: The Mind Map book, 2nd edn. BBC Books, London (1995)","edition":"2"},{"key":"1_CR9","volume-title":"AAAI Workshop Technical Report WS-99-10: Exploring the synergies of knowledge management & case-based reasoning","author":"A.J. Ca\u00f1as","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ca\u00f1as, A.J., Leake, D.B., Wilson, D.C.: Managing, mapping and manipulating conceptual knowledge. In: AAAI Workshop Technical Report WS-99-10: Exploring the synergies of knowledge management & case-based reasoning. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1999)"},{"key":"1_CR10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Information visualization. Using vision to think","author":"S.K. Card","year":"1999","unstructured":"Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B.: Information visualization. In: Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B. (eds.) Information visualization. Using vision to think, pp. 1\u201334. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)"},{"key":"1_CR11","unstructured":"Carr, D.: Guidelines for Designing Information Visualization Applications. In: Proceedings of ECUE 1999, Ericsson Conference on Usability Engineering, (1999), Available online: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/www.ida.liu.se\/~davca\/postscript\/VizGuidelines.pdf\n                    \n                    \n                   March 16 (2005)"},{"key":"1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365309","volume-title":"Proceedings of CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"A. Cockburn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cockburn, A., McKenzie, B.: 3D or not 3D? Evaluating the effect of the third dimension in a document management system. In: Tremaine, M. (ed.) Proceedings of CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 434\u2013441. ACM Press, New York (2001)"},{"key":"1_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(98)00051-6","volume":"9","author":"R. Cox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cox, R.: Representation, construction, externalised cognition and individual differences. Learning and Instruction\u00a09, 343\u2013363 (1999)","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"1_CR14","first-page":"239","volume":"6","author":"R. Cox","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cox, R., Brna, P.: Supporting the use of external representations in problem solving: The need for flexible learning environments. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education\u00a06(2\/3), 239\u2013302 (1995)","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"1_CR15","unstructured":"D\u00e4\u00dfler, R.: Informationsvisualisierung: Stand, Kritik und Perspektiven. In: Methoden\/Strategien der Visualisierung in Medien, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Trier (1999), Available online: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/fabdp.fh-potsdam.de\/daessler\/paper\/InfoVis99.pdf\n                    \n                    \n                   March 16 (2005)"},{"key":"1_CR16","volume-title":"Virtuelle Informationsr\u00e4ume mit VRML: Informationen recherchieren und pr\u00e4sentieren in 3D","author":"R. D\u00e4\u00dfler","year":"1998","unstructured":"D\u00e4\u00dfler, R., Palm, H.: Virtuelle Informationsr\u00e4ume mit VRML: Informationen recherchieren und pr\u00e4sentieren in 3D. dpunkt-Verlag, Heidelberg (1998)"},{"key":"1_CR17","volume-title":"Intellectual Capital","author":"L. Edvinsson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Edvinsson, L., Malone, M.S.: Intellectual Capital. Harper Business, New York (1997)"},{"key":"1_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841119","volume":"6","author":"I. Herman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Herman, I., Melan\u00e7on, G., Marshall, M.S.: Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics\u00a06, 24\u201343 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929031000117080","volume":"22","author":"M. Hicks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hicks, M., O\u2019Malley, C., Nichols, S., Anderson, B.: Comparison of 2D and 3D representations for visualising telecommunication usage. Behaviour & Information Technology\u00a022, 185\u2013201 (2003)","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, J.R., Hannafin, M.J., Domizi, D.P.: Resource-based learning and informal learning environments: prospects and challenges. In: Subramaniman, R. (ed.) E-learning and virtual science centers. Idea Group Publishing, Hershey (in press)","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-591-7.ch006"},{"key":"1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-352620-5.50007-2","volume-title":"Spatial learning strategies. Techniques, applications, and related issues","author":"C.D. Holley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holley, C.D., Dansereau, D.F.: The development of spatial learning strategies. In: Holley, C.D., Dansereau, D.F. (eds.) Spatial learning strategies. Techniques, applications, and related issues, pp. 3\u201319. Academic Press, New York (1984)"},{"key":"1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815355","volume-title":"Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives)","author":"J. Lave","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lave, J., Wenger, E.: Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)"},{"key":"1_CR23","volume-title":"Mental models. Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness","author":"P.N. Johnson-Laird","year":"1983","unstructured":"Johnson-Laird, P.N.: Mental models. Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1983)"},{"key":"1_CR24","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cognitive tools for learning. NATO ASI Series F, Computer and Systems Sciences","author":"D.H. Jonassen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jonassen, D.H.: What are cognitive tools? In: Kommers, P.A., Jonassen, D.H., Mayes, J.T. (eds.) Cognitive tools for learning. NATO ASI Series F, Computer and Systems Sciences, vol.\u00a081, pp. 1\u20136. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)"},{"key":"1_CR25","volume-title":"Structural knowledge. Techniques for representing, conveying, and acquiring structural knowledge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jonassen, D.H., Beissner, K., Yacci, M. (eds.): Structural knowledge. Techniques for representing, conveying, and acquiring structural knowledge. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1993)"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"1_CR26","first-page":"289","volume":"8","author":"D.H. Jonassen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jonassen, D.H., Reeves, T.C., Hong, N., Harvey, D., Peters, K.: Concept mapping as cognitive learning and assessment tools. Journal of Interactive Learning Research\u00a08(3\/4), 289\u2013308 (1997)","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Learning Research"},{"key":"1_CR27","volume-title":"Image and mind","author":"S.M. Kosslyn","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kosslyn, S.M.: Image and mind. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1980)"},{"key":"1_CR28","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Mental Models","author":"J.H. Larkin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Larkin, J.H.: The role of problem representation in physics. In: Gentner, D., Stevens, A. (eds.) Mental Models, pp. 75\u201398. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1983)"},{"key":"1_CR29","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Complex information processing. The impact of Heribert Simon","author":"J.H. Larkin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Larkin, J.H.: Display-based problem solving. In: Klahr, D., Kotovsky, K. (eds.) Complex information processing. The impact of Heribert Simon, pp. 319\u2013342. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1989)"},{"key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6708.1987.tb00863.x","volume":"11","author":"J.H. Larkin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Larkin, J.H., Simon, H.A.: Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth 10.000 words. Cognitive Science\u00a011, 65\u2013100 (1987)","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"1_CR31","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Proceedings ACM Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation (NPIVM 1999)","author":"B. Grand Le","year":"1999","unstructured":"Le Grand, B., Soto, M.: Navigation in huge information hierarchies. Application to network management. In: Proceedings ACM Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation (NPIVM 1999), pp. 56\u201361. ACM Press, Kansas (1999)"},{"key":"1_CR32","volume-title":"Visuo-spatial working memory","author":"R.H. Logie","year":"1995","unstructured":"Logie, R.H.: Visuo-spatial working memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove (1995)"},{"key":"1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2003.1218013","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization","author":"G. Mark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mark, G., Carpenter, K., Kobsa, A.: A model of synchronous collaborative information visualization. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, pp. 373\u2013383. IEEE, Washington (2003)"},{"key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2002.1028784","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualization (IV 2002)","author":"G. Mark","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mark, G., Kobsa, A., Gonzalez, V.: Do four eyes see better than two? Collaborative versus individual discovery in data visualization systems. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualization (IV 2002), pp. 249\u2013255. IEEE, Washington (2002)"},{"key":"1_CR35","unstructured":"Marshall, C.C.: The haunting question of intelligibility. In: Paper presented at the eleventh Hypertext 2001, Aarhus, Denmark, August 14-18, (2001), Online available: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/www.csdl.tamu.edu\/~shipman\/SpatialHypertext\/SH1\/marshall.pdf"},{"key":"1_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139164603","volume-title":"Multimedia learning","author":"R.E. Mayer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mayer, R.E.: Multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)"},{"key":"1_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173469","volume-title":"Learning how to learn","author":"J.D. Novak","year":"1984","unstructured":"Novak, J.D., Gowin, D.B.: Learning how to learn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1984)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013132527007","volume":"14","author":"A.M. O\u2018Donnell","year":"2002","unstructured":"O\u2018Donnell, A.M., Dansereau, D.F., Hall, R.H.: Knowledge maps as scaffolds for cognitive processing. Educational Psychology Review\u00a014(1), 71\u201386 (2002)","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"1_CR39","volume-title":"Problem solving: Research, method and theory, ch. 3","author":"J.M. Paige","year":"1966","unstructured":"Paige, J.M., Simon, H.A.: Cognitive processes in solving algebra and word problems. In: Kleinmuntz, B. (ed.) Problem solving: Research, method and theory, ch. 3. Wiley, New York (1966)"},{"key":"1_CR40","volume-title":"Mental representations. A dual coding approach","author":"A. Paivio","year":"1986","unstructured":"Paivio, A.: Mental representations. A dual coding approach. Oxford University, New York (1986)"},{"key":"1_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pl\u00f6tzner, R., Lowe, R. (eds.): Special Issue: Dynamic visualisations and learning. Learning and Instruction\u00a014, 235\u2013357 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2004.06.001"},{"key":"1_CR42","unstructured":"Rakes, G.C.: Using the internet as a tool in a resource-based learning environment. In: Educational Technology, September-October 1996, pp. 52\u201356 (1996)"},{"key":"1_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8015-3_7","volume-title":"Human and machine problem solving","author":"P. Reimann","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reimann, P., Chi, M.T.H.: Human expertise. In: Gilhooly, K.J. (ed.) Human and machine problem solving, pp. 161\u2013191. Plenum, New York (1989)"},{"key":"1_CR44","unstructured":"Rogers, Y., Scaife, M.: External cognition (1997), from \n                    \n                      http:\/\/www.sv.cict.fr\/cotcos\/pjs\/TheoreticalApproaches\/ExtCogandRepr\/ExtCogandReppaperRogers.htm#\n                    \n                    \n                   Retrieved February 10 (2005)"},{"key":"1_CR45","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge","author":"D.E. Rumelhart","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rumelhart, D.E., Ortony, A.: The representation of knowledge in memory. In: Anderson, R.C., Spiro, R.J., Montague, W.E. (eds.) Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge, pp. 99\u2013133. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1977)"},{"key":"1_CR46","unstructured":"Safayeni, F.N., Derbentseva, A.J., Ca\u00f1as, A.: A theoretical note on concepts and the need for cyclic concept maps. Journal of Research in Science Teaching (in press), Online available: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/cmap.ihmc.us\/Publications\/ResearchPapers\/Cyclic%20Concept%20Maps.pdf\n                    \n                    \n                   February 20 (2005)"},{"key":"1_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1996.0048","volume":"45","author":"M. Scaife","year":"1996","unstructured":"Scaife, M., Rogers, Y.: External cognition: how do graphical representations work? Int. J. Human-Computer Studies\u00a045, 185\u2013213 (1996)","journal-title":"Int. J. Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"1_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4752(93)90003-I","volume":"3","author":"W. Schnotz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schnotz, W., Picard, E., Hron, A.: How do successful and unsuccessful learners use texts and graphics? Learning and Instruction\u00a03, 181\u2013199 (1993)","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"1_CR49","first-page":"148","volume":"2","author":"K. Schnurer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schnurer, K., Stark, R., Mandl, H.: Auf dem Weg in eine neue Lehr-Lern-Kultur. Gestaltung problemorientierter Lernumgebungen. Erziehungswissenschaft und Beruf\u00a02, 148\u2013161 (2003)","journal-title":"Gestaltung problemorientierter Lernumgebungen. Erziehungswissenschaft und Beruf"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1524\/itit.46.3.135.34217","volume":"46","author":"H. Schumann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schumann, H., M\u00fcller, W.: Informationsvisualisierung: Methoden und Perspektiven. It - Information Technology\u00a046(3), 135\u2013141 (2004)","journal-title":"It - Information Technology"},{"key":"1_CR51","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B.: The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. In: Proceedings IEEE Visual Languages, pp. 336\u2013343 (1996), Available online: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/citeseer.nj.nec.com\/shneiderman96eyes.html\n                    \n                    \n                   March 16, (2005)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR52","first-page":"3","volume":"2","author":"G. Siemens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Siemens, G.: Connectivism. A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology & Distance Learning\u00a02(1), 3\u201310 (2005), Available online: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/www.itdl.org\/Journal\/Jan_05\/article01.htm\n                    \n                    \n                   January 20 (2005)","journal-title":"International Journal of Instructional Technology & Distance Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci1203_1","volume":"12","author":"J. Sweller","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sweller, J., Chandler, P.: Why some material is difficult to learn. Cognition and Instruction\u00a012(3), 185\u2013233 (1994)","journal-title":"Cognition and Instruction"},{"key":"1_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022193728205","volume":"10","author":"J. Sweller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sweller, J., van Merri\u00ebnboer, J.J.G., Paas, F.W.C.: Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review\u00a010, 251\u2013296 (1998)","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"1_CR55","first-page":"2514","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ED-Media 2003 World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunication","author":"S.-O. Tergan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tergan, S.-O.: Managing knowledge with computer-based mapping tools. In: Lassner, D., Mc Naught, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the ED-Media 2003 World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunication, pp. 2514\u20132517. AACE, Norfolk (2003)"},{"key":"1_CR56","volume-title":"Information Visualization: Perception for Design","author":"C. Ware","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ware, C.: Information Visualization: Perception for Design, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco (2004)","edition":"2"},{"key":"1_CR57","unstructured":"Weideman, M., Kritzinger, W.: Concept Mapping - a proposed theoretical model for implementation as a knowledge repository. Working paper from the ICT in Higher Education research project. University of Western Cape - South Africa (2003), Available online: \n                    \n                      http:\/\/www.uwc.ac.za\/ems\/is\/hicte\n                    \n                    \n                   January 20, (2005)"},{"key":"1_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-476X(92)90055-4","volume":"17","author":"D.A. Wiegmann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wiegmann, D.A., Dansereau, D.F., McCagg, E.C., Rewey, K.L., Pitre, U.: Effects of knowledge map characteristics on information processing. Contemporary Educational Psychology\u00a017, 136\u2013155 (1992)","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"1_CR59","unstructured":"Wiss, U., Carr, D.: A Cognitive Classification Framework for 3-Dimensional Information Visualization. Research report LTU-TR\u20131998\/4\u2013SE, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology (1998)"},{"key":"1_CR60","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization","author":"U. Wiss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wiss, U., Carr, D., Jonsson, H.: Evaluating Three-Dimensional Information Visualization Designs: A Case Study of Three Designs. In: Banissi, E. (ed.) Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, pp. 137\u2013145. IEEE, Washington (1998)"},{"key":"1_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0502_3","volume":"5","author":"R.M. Young","year":"1981","unstructured":"Young, R.M., O\u00b4Shea, T.: Errors in children\u2019s substraction. Cognitive Science\u00a05, 153\u2013177 (1981)","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2102_3","volume":"21","author":"J. Zhang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang, J.: The nature of external representations in problem solving. Cognitive Science\u00a021(2), 179\u2013217 (1997)","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"1_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1801_3","volume":"18","author":"J. Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Norman, D.A.: Representations in distributed tasks. Cognitice Science\u00a018, 87\u2013122 (1994)","journal-title":"Cognitice Science"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Knowledge and Information Visualization"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/11510154_1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T02:45:03Z","timestamp":1619491503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/11510154_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"ISBN":["9783540269212","9783540319627"],"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11510154_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}}}