{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:02:16Z","timestamp":1774602136483,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540357261","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540357278","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/11785477_18","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1159175092000},"page":"279-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Variance and Generalized Constraints for C $^{\\sharp}$ Generics"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Burak","family":"Emir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dachuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1145\/97945.97966","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications\/European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (OOPSLA\/ECOOP 1990)","author":"P. America","year":"1990","unstructured":"America, P., van der Linden, F.: A parallel object-oriented language with inheritance and subtyping. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications\/European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (OOPSLA\/ECOOP 1990), pp. 161\u2013168. ACM Press, New York (1990)"},{"key":"18_CR2","volume-title":"Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, Applications (OOPSLA)","author":"R. Cartwright","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cartwright, R., Steele, G.L.: Compatible genericity with run-time types for the Java programming language. In: Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, Applications (OOPSLA), Vancouver, October 1998, ACM Press, New York (1998)"},{"key":"18_CR3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-First ACM SIGPLAN\u2013SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL)","author":"G. Castagna","year":"1994","unstructured":"Castagna, G., Pierce, B.: Decidable bounded quantification. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-First ACM SIGPLAN\u2013SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), Portland, Oregon, January 1994, ACM Press, New York (1994)"},{"key":"18_CR4","unstructured":"ECMA International. ECMA Standard 335: Common Language Infrastructure, 3rd edn. (June 2005) Available at http:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/publications\/standards\/Ecma-335.htm"},{"key":"18_CR5","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/11693024_22","volume-title":"Programming Languages and Systems","author":"N.G. Fruja","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fruja, N.G.: Type Safety of Generics for the.NET Common Language Runtime. In: Sestoft, P. (ed.) ESOP 2006 and ETAPS 2006. LNCS, vol.\u00a03924, pp. 325\u2013341. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)"},{"key":"18_CR6","unstructured":"Hejlsberg, A., Wiltamuth, S., Golde, P.: C# version 2.0 specification (2005), See http:\/\/msdn.microsoft.com\/vcsharp\/team\/language\/default.aspx"},{"issue":"3","key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1145\/503502.503505","volume":"23","author":"A. Igarashi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Igarashi, A., Pierce, B.C., Wadler, P.: Featherweight Java: a minimal core calculus for Java and GJ. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.\u00a023(3), 396\u2013450 (2001)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."},{"key":"18_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Igarashi, A., Viroli, M.: Variant parametric types: A flexible subtyping scheme for generics. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) (to appear, 2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1152649.1152650"},{"key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.801","volume":"16","author":"A. Kennedy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kennedy, A., Syme, D.: Transposing F to C $^{\\sharp}$ : Expressivity of parametric polymorphism in an object-oriented language. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience\u00a016, 707\u2013733 (2004)","journal-title":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience"},{"key":"18_CR10","volume-title":"Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, Applications (OOPSLA)","author":"A.J. Kennedy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kennedy, A.J., Russo, C.V.: Generalized algebraic data types and object-oriented programming. In: Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, Applications (OOPSLA), San Diego, October 2005, ACM Press, New York (2005)"},{"key":"18_CR11","unstructured":"Odersky, M., Altherr, P., Cremet, V., Emir, B., Micheloud, S., Mihaylov, N., Schinz, M., Stenman, E., Zenger, M.: The Scala language specification (2005), Available from http:\/\/scala.epfl.ch\/"},{"key":"18_CR12","volume-title":"Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, Applications (OOPSLA)","author":"M. Odersky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Odersky, M., Zenger, M.: Scalable component abstractions. In: Object-Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages, Applications (OOPSLA), ACM Press, New York (2005)"},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1006\/inco.1994.1055","volume":"112","author":"B.C. Pierce","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pierce, B.C.: Bounded quantification is undecidable. Information and Computation\u00a0112(1), 131\u2013165 (1994)","journal-title":"Information and Computation"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/inco.2001.2963","volume":"170","author":"F. Pottier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pottier, F.: Simplifying subtyping constraints: a theory. Information and Computation\u00a0170(2), 153\u2013183 (2001)","journal-title":"Information and Computation"},{"key":"18_CR15","volume-title":"C# Precisely","author":"P. Sestoft","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sestoft, P., Hansen, H.I.: C# Precisely. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)"},{"key":"18_CR16","unstructured":"Torgersen, M., Ernst, E., Hansen, C.P.: Wild FJ. In: Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages (FOOL) (January 2005)"},{"key":"18_CR17","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61739-6_52","volume-title":"Static Analysis","author":"V. Trifonov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trifonov, V., Smith, S.: Subtyping constrained types. In: Cousot, R., Schmidt, D.A. (eds.) SAS 1996. LNCS, vol.\u00a01145, pp. 349\u2013365. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)"},{"key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viroli, M., Natali, A.: Parametric polymorphism in Java through the homogeneous translation LM: Gathering type descriptors at load-time. Technical Report DEIS-LIA-00-001, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna (April 2000)","DOI":"10.1145\/353171.353182"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","ECOOP 2006 \u2013 Object-Oriented Programming"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/11785477_18.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T20:09:28Z","timestamp":1605643768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/11785477_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"ISBN":["9783540357261","9783540357278"],"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11785477_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}