{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T16:40:03Z","timestamp":1736613603580,"version":"3.32.0"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540457800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540462378"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/11880592_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T09:36:53Z","timestamp":1161164213000},"page":"172-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Statistical Behavior Analysis of Smoothing Methods for Language Models of Mandarin Data Sets"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ming-Shing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng-Long","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piyu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","first-page":"467","volume":"18","author":"P.F. Brown","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown, P.F., Pietra, V.J., deSouza, P.V., Lai, J.C., Mercer, R.L.: Class-Based n-gram Models of Natural Language. Computational Linguistics\u00a018, 467\u2013479 (1992)","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"14_CR2","first-page":"31","volume":"18","author":"P.F. Brown","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown, P.F., Della Pietra, S.A., Della Pietra, V.J., Lai, J.C., Mercer, R.L.: An Estimate of an Upper Bound for the Entropy of English. Computational Linguistics\u00a018, 31\u201340 (1992)","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1999.0128","volume":"13","author":"F. Chen Standy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen Standy, F., Goodman, J.: An Empirical study of smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling. Computer Speech and Language\u00a013, 359\u2013394 (1999)","journal-title":"Computer Speech and Language"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-2308(91)90016-J","volume":"5","author":"K.W. Church","year":"1991","unstructured":"Church, K.W., Gale, W.A.: A Comparison of the Enhanced Good-Turing and Deleted Estimation Methods for Estimating Probabilies of English Bigrams. Computer Speech and Language\u00a05, 19\u201354 (1991)","journal-title":"Computer Speech and Language"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1995.0008","volume":"9","author":"I. Dagan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dagan, I., Maucus, S., Markovitch, S.: Contextual Word Similarity and Estimation from Sparse Data. Computer Speech and Language\u00a09, 123\u2013152 (1995)","journal-title":"Computer Speech and Language"},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essen, U., Steinbiss, V.: Cooccurrence Smoothing for Stochastic Language Modelling. In: IEEE International conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, vol.\u00a01, pp. 161\u2013164 (1992)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1992.225947"},{"key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/40.3-4.237","volume":"40","author":"I.J. Good","year":"1953","unstructured":"Good, I.J.: The Population Frequencies of Species and the Estimation of Population Parameters. Biometrika\u00a040, 237\u2013264 (1953)","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"14_CR8","volume-title":"Automatic Speech Recognition-Statistical Methods","author":"F. Jelinek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jelinek, F.: Automatic Speech Recognition-Statistical Methods. MIT, Redmond (1997)"},{"key":"14_CR9","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice","author":"F. Jelinek","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jelinek, F., Mercer, R.L.: Interpolated Estimation of Markov Source Parameters from Spars Data. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice, pp. 381\u2013397. North- Holland, Amsterdam (1980)"},{"key":"14_CR10","volume-title":"Speech and Language Processing","author":"D. Juraskey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Juraskey, D., Martin James, H.: Speech and Language Processing. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2000)"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165125","volume":"35","author":"S.M. Katz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Katz, S.M.: Estimation of Probabilities from Sparse Data for the Language Models Component of a Speech Recognizer. IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing\u00a0ASSP-35, 400\u2013401 (1987)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing"},{"key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knerser, R., Ney, H.: Improved Backing-Off for M-gram Language Modeling. In: IEEE International conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 181\u2013184 (1995)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1995.479394"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1984.1164378","volume":"32","author":"A. N\u00e1das","year":"1984","unstructured":"N\u00e1das, A.: Estimation of Probabilities in the Language Model of the IBM Speech Recognition System. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, Signals Processing\u00a032(4), 859\u2013861 (1984)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, Signals Processing"},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1985.1164728","volume":"33","author":"A. N\u00e1das","year":"1985","unstructured":"N\u00e1das, A.: On Turing\u2019s Formula for Word Probabilities. IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing\u00a033, 1414\u20131416 (1985)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing"},{"key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ney, H., Essen, U.: On Smoothing Techniques for Bigram-Based Natural Language Modeling. In: IEEE International conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 825\u2013828 (1991)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1991.150464"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR16","first-page":"101","volume":"1","author":"K.Y. Su","year":"1996","unstructured":"Su, K.Y., Chiang, T.H., Chang, J.S.: A Overview of Corpus-Based Statistical-Oriented (CBSO) Techniques for Natural Language Processing. Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing\u00a01(1), 101\u2013157 (1996)","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1109\/18.87000","volume":"37","author":"L.H. Witten","year":"1991","unstructured":"Witten, L.H., Bell, T.C.: The Zero-Frequency Problem: Estimating the Probabilities of Novel Events in Adaptive Text Compression. IEEE Transaction on Information theory\u00a037(4), 1085\u20131094 (1991)","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Information theory"},{"key":"14_CR18","unstructured":"Huang, C.-R.: Introduction to the Academic Sinica Balance Corpus. In: Proceeding of ROCLLING VII, pp. 81\u201399 (1995)"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1214\/aop\/1176991794","volume":"16","author":"P.H. Algort","year":"1988","unstructured":"Algort, P.H., Cover, T.M.: A Sandwich Proof of the Shannon- McMillan- Breiman Theorem. Ahe Annals of Probability\u00a016(2), 899\u2013909 (1988)","journal-title":"Ahe Annals of Probability"},{"key":"14_CR20","volume-title":"Speech and Language Processing","author":"D. Jurafsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jurafsky, D., Martin, J.H.: Speech and Language Processing, Ch.\u00a06. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2000)"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1109\/78.275640","volume":"42","author":"B.H. Juang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Juang, B.H., Lo, S.H.: On the Bias if the Turing-Good Estimate of Probabilities. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing\u00a042(2), 496\u2013498 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"12","key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1109\/34.476512","volume":"17","author":"H. Ney","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ney, H., Essen, U., Kneser, R.: On the Estimation of \u2018Small\u2019 Probabilities by Leaving-One-Out. IEEE PAMI\u00a017(12), 1202\u20131212 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE PAMI"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, X., Zhai, C.X.: Active Feedback in Ad Hoc Information Retrieval. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGIR 2005 (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1076034.1076047"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Na, S.-H., Kang, I.-S., Roh, J.-E., Lee, J.-H.: An Empirical Study of Query Expansion and Cluster-Based Retrieval in Language Modeling Approach. In: AIRS 2005 (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/11562382_21"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, G., Nie, J.-Y., Bai, J.: Integrating Word Relationships into Language. In: Models Proceedings of ACM SIGIR 2005 (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1076034.1076086"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Information Retrieval Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/11880592_14.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T16:00:43Z","timestamp":1736611243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/11880592_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"ISBN":["9783540457800","9783540462378"],"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11880592_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}