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In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge of NAFLD and underline the striking similarities with atherosclerosis. We first describe current epidemiological data showing the staggering increase of NAFLD numbers and its related clinical and economic costs. We then provide an overview of pathophysiological hepatic processes in NAFLD and highlight the systemic aspects of NAFLD that point toward metabolic crosstalk between organs as an important cause of metabolic disease. Finally, we end by highlighting the currently investigated therapeutic approaches for NAFLD, which also show strong similarities with a range of treatment options for atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2020_352","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T08:02:45Z","timestamp":1584432165000},"page":"233-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Lingling","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Oligschlaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronit","family":"Shiri-Sverdlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.178","volume":"13","author":"MF Abdelmalek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelmalek MF (2016) NAFLD: the clinical and economic burden of NAFLD: time to turn the tide. 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