{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:48:16Z","timestamp":1777063696148,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032228994","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032229007","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/164_2026_796","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:34:47Z","timestamp":1774985687000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Haemostasis and the Need for Antithrombotics: An Introduction"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Hogwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"796_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e938","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00281-3","volume":"11","author":"W Ageno","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ageno W, Caramelli B, Donadini MP, Girardi L, Riva N (2024) Changes in the landscape of anticoagulation: a focus on direct oral anticoagulants. Lancet Haematol 11:e938\u2013e950","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"796_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/586510","volume":"2014","author":"MR Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali MR, Salim Hossain M, Islam MA, Saiful Islam Arman M, Sarwar Raju G, Dasgupta P, Noshin TF (2014) Aspect of thrombolytic therapy: a review. ScientificWorldJournal 2014:586510","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"796_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amison RT, Pitchford SC (2026) Antiplatelet therapy. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_784","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_784"},{"key":"796_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000975","volume":"3","author":"DR Anderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson DR, Morgano GP, Bennett C, Dentali F, Francis CW, Garcia DA, Kahn SR, Rahman M, Rajasekhar A, Rogers FB, Smythe MA, Tikkinen KAO, Yates AJ, Baldeh T, Balduzzi S, Brozek JL, Ikobaltzeta IE, Johal H, Neumann I, Wiercioch W, Yepes-Nunez JJ, Schunemann HJ, Dahm P (2019) American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical hospitalized patients. Blood Adv 3:3898\u20133944","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"796_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315445","volume":"41","author":"GM Arepally","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arepally GM, Padmanabhan A (2021) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a focus on thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 41:141\u2013152","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"796_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X251323777","volume":"53","author":"CM Ball","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ball CM, Featherstone PJ (2025) The history of warfarin. Anaesth Intensive Care 53:148\u2013150","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"796_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrowcliffe TW (2012) History of heparin. Handb Exp Pharmacol 207:3\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23056-1_1"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"796_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/58.suppl_2.S14","volume":"58","author":"KA Bauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauer KA (2001) Fondaparinux sodium: a selective inhibitor of factor Xa. Am J Health Syst Pharm 58(Suppl 2):S14\u2013S17","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"796_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000175157","volume":"36","author":"B Casu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Casu B, Vlodavsky I, Sanderson RD (2008) Non-anticoagulant heparins and inhibition of cancer. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 36:195\u2013203","journal-title":"Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb"},{"key":"796_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.318781","volume":"43","author":"NC Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan NC, Weitz JI (2023) New therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism with a focus on factor XI inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 43:1755\u20131763","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"796_CR11","unstructured":"CKS\/NICE (2025) Anticoagulation \u2013 oral : Licensed indications. https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/anticoagulation-oral\/background-information\/licensed-indications\/"},{"key":"796_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.318020","volume":"42","author":"LB Cofer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cofer LB, Barrett TJ, Berger JS (2022) Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: time for a platelet-guided approach. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 42:1207\u20131216","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"796_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davidson S (2025) Platelet function tests and monitoring antiplatelet therapies. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_788","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_788"},{"key":"796_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50819","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.X300009200","volume":"278","author":"EW Davie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davie EW (2003) A brief historical review of the waterfall\/cascade of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem 278:50819\u201350832","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"796_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115636","volume":"259","author":"C Davoine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davoine C, Traina A, Evrard J, Lanners S, Fillet M, Pochet L (2023) Coumarins as factor XIIa inhibitors: potency and selectivity improvements using a fragment-based strategy. Eur J Med Chem 259:115636","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"796_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2025000683","volume":"2025","author":"E Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng E, Passam FH (2025) Managing patients with a history of arterial disease and new venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2025:22\u201333","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"796_CR17","first-page":"163","volume":"18","author":"N Dou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dou N, Ma H, Zhang P, Lu R, Hang J, Sun J (2025) Advances in the clinical use of Clopidogrel: a review of individualized treatment strategies and monitoring optimization based on genetic polymorphisms. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 18:163\u2013177","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers Med"},{"key":"796_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-024-03054-2","volume":"57","author":"A Dumas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dumas A, Goyal N, Mottamal M, Afosah DK, Al-Horani RA (2024) Discovery of a new lead molecule to develop a novel class of human factor XIIa inhibitors. J Thromb Thrombolysis 57:1308\u20131314","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"796_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e334","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00160-7","volume":"23","author":"D Farge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farge D, Frere C, Connors JM, Khorana AA, Kakkar A, Ay C, Munoz A, Brenner B, Prata PH, Brilhante D, Antic D, Casais P, Esposito MCG, Ikezoe T, Abutalib SA, Meillon-Garcia LA, Bounameaux H, Pabinger I, Douketis J, Thrombosis International Initiative on, and panel Cancer advisory (2022) 2022 international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer, including patients with COVID-19. Lancet Oncol 23:e334\u2013ee47","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"796_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000343108","volume":"61","author":"G Ferland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferland G (2012) The discovery of vitamin K and its clinical applications. Ann Nutr Metab 61:213\u2013218","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"796_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.306853","volume":"118","author":"JH Foley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foley JH, Conway EM (2016) Cross talk pathways between coagulation and inflammation. Circ Res 118:1392\u20131408","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"796_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02180-2","volume":"85","author":"S Fung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fung S (2025) Garadacimab: first approval. Drugs 85:827\u2013832","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"796_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2025.07.019","volume":"23","author":"JP Galanaud","year":"2025","unstructured":"Galanaud JP, Laroche JP, Righini M (2025) The history and historical treatments of deep vein thrombosis: toward the era of new anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost 23:3654\u20133664","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"796_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31924-X","volume":"392","author":"JM Gaziano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaziano JM, Brotons C, Coppolecchia R, Cricelli C, Darius H, Gorelick PB, Howard G, Pearson TA, Rothwell PM, Ruilope LM, Tendera M, Tognoni G, Arrive Executive Committee (2018) Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease (ARRIVE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 392:1036\u20131046","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"796_CR25","first-page":"e726","volume":"135","author":"MD Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FG, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RA, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME (2017) 2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 135:e726\u2013ee79","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"796_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004209","volume":"96","author":"C Ghafil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghafil C, Park C, Yu J, Drake A, Sundaram S, Thiele L, Graham C, Inaba K, Matsushima K (2024) The risk of hemorrhagic complications after anticoagulation therapy in trauma patients: a multicenter evaluation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 96:757\u2013762","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"796_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray E (2012) Standardisation of unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin. Handb Exp Pharmacol 207:65\u201376","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23056-1_4"},{"key":"796_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.192419","volume":"103","author":"E Grilz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grilz E, Konigsbrugge O, Posch F, Schmidinger M, Pirker R, Lang IM, Pabinger I, Ay C (2018) Frequency, risk factors, and impact on mortality of arterial thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Haematologica 103:1549\u20131556","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"796_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hassan E, Lester W (2025) Direct oral anticoagulant inhibitors: mode of action, clinical aspects. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_786","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_786"},{"key":"796_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hogwood J, Gray E (2025) Heparin: over 100 years of anticoagulation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_780","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_780"},{"key":"796_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jennings I, Kitchen D (2025) Laboratory and point of care monitoring of vitamin K antagonist treatment. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_782","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_782"},{"key":"796_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeske W (2025) Comparison of the biologic activity of different species of heparin. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_781","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_781"},{"key":"796_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.02.002","volume":"211","author":"DR Kalaitzopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalaitzopoulos DR, Panagopoulos A, Samant S, Ghalib N, Kadillari J, Daniilidis A, Samartzis N, Makadia J, Palaiodimos L, Kokkinidis DG, Spyrou N (2022) Management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Thromb Res 211:106\u2013113","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"796_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2021.1945580","volume":"31","author":"DV Kalinin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalinin DV (2021) Factor XII(a) inhibitors: a review of the patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 31:1155\u20131176","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Pat"},{"key":"796_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000024","volume":"45","author":"WN Kernan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, Bravata DM, Chimowitz MI, Ezekowitz MD, Fang MC, Fisher M, Furie KL, Heck DV, Johnston SC, Kasner SE, Kittner SJ, Mitchell PH, Rich MW, Richardson D, Schwamm LH, Wilson JA, Council on Cardiovascular American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Clinical Cardiology Stroke Nursing, and Disease Council on Peripheral Vascular (2014) Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45:2160\u20132236","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"796_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5825","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105825","volume":"23","author":"MJE Kuijpers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuijpers MJE, Heemskerk JWM, Jurk K (2022) Molecular mechanisms of hemostasis, thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 23:5825","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"796_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lever R, Page CP (2012) Non-anticoagulant effects of heparin: an overview. Handb Exp Pharmacol 207:281\u2013305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23056-1_12"},{"key":"796_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.07.044","volume":"152","author":"GN Levine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, Brindis RG, Fihn SD, Fleisher LA, Granger CB, Lange RA, Mack MJ, Mauri L, Mehran R, Mukherjee D, Newby LK, O'Gara PT, Sabatine MS, Smith PK, Smith SC Jr, Halperin JL, Levine GN, Al-Khatib SM, Birtcher KK, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Cigarroa JE, Curtis LH, Fleisher LA, Gentile F, Gidding S, Hlatky MA, Ikonomidis JS, Joglar JA, Pressler SJ, Wijeysundera DN (2016) 2016 ACC\/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 152:1243\u20131275","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"796_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.06.014","volume":"7","author":"JH Levy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levy JH, Spyropoulos AC, Samama CM, Douketis J (2014) Direct oral anticoagulants: new drugs and new concepts. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 7:1333\u20131351","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"796_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.19.1.97","volume":"19","author":"KP Link","year":"1959","unstructured":"Link KP (1959) The discovery of dicumarol and its sequels. Circulation 19:97\u2013107","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"796_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06973.x","volume":"140","author":"GD Lowe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lowe GD (2008) Common risk factors for both arterial and venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol 140:488\u2013495","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"796_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","volume":"380","author":"R Lozano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA 3rd, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De Leon FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA (2012) Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380:2095\u20132128","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"796_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003442","volume":"5","author":"GH Lyman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyman GH, Carrier M, Ay C, Di Nisio M, Hicks LK, Khorana AA, Leavitt AD, Lee AYY, Macbeth F, Morgan RL, Noble S, Sexton EA, Stenehjem D, Wiercioch W, Kahale LA, Alonso-Coello P (2021) American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with cancer. Blood Adv 5:927\u2013974","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"796_CR44","first-page":"197","volume":"39","author":"M Margaglione","year":"1992","unstructured":"Margaglione M, Grandone E, Di Minno G (1992) Mechanisms of fibrinolysis and clinical use of thrombolytic agents. Prog Drug Res 39:197\u2013217","journal-title":"Prog Drug Res"},{"key":"796_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.006","volume":"22","author":"S Margetic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Margetic S (2012) Inflammation and haemostasis. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 22:49\u201362","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"796_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35292","volume":"28","author":"F Markwardt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Markwardt F (2002) Hirudin as alternative anticoagulant \u2013 a historical review. Semin Thromb Hemost 28:405\u2013414","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"796_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.17.1680","volume":"97","author":"MA Mascelli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mascelli MA, Lance ET, Damaraju L, Wagner CL, Weisman HF, Jordan RE (1998) Pharmacodynamic profile of short-term abciximab treatment demonstrates prolonged platelet inhibition with gradual recovery from GP IIb\/IIIa receptor blockade. Circulation 97:1680\u20131688","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"796_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000820","volume":"136","author":"JE May","year":"2020","unstructured":"May JE, Moll S (2020) How I treat unexplained arterial thrombosis. Blood 136:1487\u20131498","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"796_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/857657","volume":"2010","author":"J Meletis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meletis J, Konstantopoulos K (2010) The beliefs, myths, and reality surrounding the word hema (blood) from homer to the present. Anemia 2010:857657","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"key":"796_CR50","first-page":"179","volume":"34","author":"J Miner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miner J, Hoffhines A (2007) The discovery of aspirin\u2019s antithrombotic effects. Tex Heart Inst J 34:179\u2013186","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"796_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2018.10.008","volume":"113","author":"MR Montinari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montinari MR, Minelli S, De Caterina R (2019) The first 3500\u00a0years of aspirin history from its roots \u2013 a concise summary. Vasc Pharmacol 113:1\u20138","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"796_CR52","first-page":"1051","volume":"287","author":"C Owen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Owen C (2002) Coagulation: a history of blood coagulation. JAMA 287:1051\u20131052","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"796_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.06.010","volume":"41","author":"T Paffrath","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paffrath T, Wafaisade A, Lefering R, Simanski C, Bouillon B, Spanholtz T, Wutzler S, Maegele M, D. G. U. Trauma Registry of (2010) Venous thromboembolism after severe trauma: incidence, risk factors and outcome. Injury 41:97\u2013101","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"796_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.144643","volume":"58","author":"S Palta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palta S, Saroa R, Palta A (2014) Overview of the coagulation system. Indian J Anaesth 58:515\u2013523","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"796_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043169","volume":"24","author":"D Pastori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pastori D, Cormaci VM, Marucci S, Franchino G, Del Sole F, Capozza A, Fallarino A, Corso C, Valeriani E, Menichelli D, Pignatelli P (2023) A comprehensive review of risk factors for venous thromboembolism: from epidemiology to pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 24:3169","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"796_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8703627","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8703627","volume":"2020","author":"G Patti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patti G, Micieli G, Cimminiello C, Bolognese L (2020) The role of Clopidogrel in 2020: a reappraisal. Cardiovasc Ther 2020:8703627","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"796_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pengo V, Marongiu F, Barcellona D (2026) Are the direct oral anticoagulants better than warfarin for the prevention and treatment of stroke and atrial fibrillation? Handb Exp Pharmacol","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_785"},{"key":"796_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pollitt AY, Hughes CE, Jones CI (2025) Platelet membrane receptors and signalling pathways. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_787","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_787"},{"key":"796_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S4780","volume":"1","author":"P Prandoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prandoni P (2009) Venous and arterial thrombosis: two aspects of the same disease? Clin Epidemiol 1:1\u20136","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"796_CR60","first-page":"120","volume":"9","author":"E Previtali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Previtali E, Bucciarelli P, Passamonti SM, Martinelli I (2011) Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis. Blood Transfus 9:120\u2013138","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"796_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reilly-Stitt C (2025) Laboratory testing of direct oral anticoagulants. Handb Exp Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2025_783","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2025_783"},{"key":"796_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31133-4","volume":"392","author":"PM Rothwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rothwell PM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, Price JF, Belch JFF, Roncaglioni MC, Morimoto T, Mehta Z (2018) Effects of aspirin on risks of vascular events and cancer according to bodyweight and dose: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet 392:387\u2013399","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"796_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198734020-00003","volume":"34","author":"E Saltiel","year":"1987","unstructured":"Saltiel E, Ward A (1987) Ticlopidine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in platelet-dependent disease states. Drugs 34:222\u2013262","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"796_CR64","first-page":"018","volume":"31","author":"MA Sammut","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sammut MA, Elamin N, Storey RF (2024) Factor XI and XIa inhibition: a new approach to anticoagulant therapy. Br J Cardiol 31:018","journal-title":"Br J Cardiol"},{"key":"796_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3283385420","volume":"20","author":"K Sangkuhl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB (2010) Clopidogrel pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics 20:463\u2013465","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"796_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996108","volume":"23","author":"K Schror","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schror K (1997) Aspirin and platelets: the antiplatelet action of aspirin and its role in thrombosis treatment and prophylaxis. Semin Thromb Hemost 23:349\u2013356","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"796_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11447","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111447","volume":"25","author":"S Schulman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schulman S, Makatsariya A, Khizroeva J, Bitsadze V, Kapanadze D (2024) The basic principles of pathophysiology of venous thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 25:11447","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"796_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112772","volume":"23","author":"A Scridon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scridon A (2022) Platelets and their role in hemostasis and thrombosis-from physiology to pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Int J Mol Sci 23:12772","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"796_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2014.866092","volume":"23","author":"MD Shastri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shastri MD, Peterson GM, Stewart N, Sohal SS, Patel RP (2014) Non-anticoagulant derivatives of heparin for the management of asthma: distant dream or close reality? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 23:357\u2013373","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"796_CR70","first-page":"85","volume":"43","author":"JW Skelley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skelley JW, Thomason AR, Nolen JC, Candidate P (2018) Betrixaban (Bevyxxa): a direct-acting oral anticoagulant factor Xa inhibitor. P T 43:85\u2013120","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"796_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.03.003","volume":"166","author":"SM Stevens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, Doerschug K, Geersing GJ, Klok FA, King CS, Murin S, Vintch JRE, Wells PS, Wasan S, Moores LK (2024) Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: compendium and review of CHEST guidelines 2012-2021. Chest 166:388\u2013404","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"796_CR72","first-page":"52","volume":"5","author":"The Medicinal Leech","year":"1826","unstructured":"The Medicinal Leech (1826) Med Chir Rev 5:52\u201372","journal-title":"Med Chir Rev"},{"key":"796_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2025.04.005","volume":"23","author":"RM Thomas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thomas RM, Sparks AD, Wilkinson K, Gergi M, Repp AB, Roetker NS, Smith NL, Muthukrishnan P, Martin K, Zakai NA (2025) Risk factors for venous thrombosis after discharge from medical hospitalizations: the Medical Inpatient Thrombosis and Hemostasis study. J Thromb Haemost 23:2190\u20132197","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"796_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004326","volume":"97","author":"A Tran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tran A, Fernando SM, Rochwerg B, Hameed MS, Dawe P, Hawes H, Haut E, Inaba K, Engels PT, Zarychanski R, Siegal DM, Carrier M (2024a) Prognostic factors associated with venous thromboembolism following traumatic injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 97:471\u2013477","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"796_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2023.284612","volume":"109","author":"A Tran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tran A, Lutsey PL, Carrier M (2024b) Minor trauma and venous thromboembolism: the threshold for antithrombotic prophylaxis. Haematologica 109:3860\u20133867","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"796_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2011","volume":"93","author":"HH Versteeg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Versteeg HH, Heemskerk JW, Levi M, Reitsma PH (2013) New fundamentals in hemostasis. Physiol Rev 93:327\u2013358","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"796_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070541","volume":"150","author":"JI Weitz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weitz JI (2024) Arterial thrombosis: present and future. Circulation 150:905\u2013907","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"796_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1813235","volume":"42","author":"CR Wilkins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wilkins CR, Chiu AM, Kishore SA (2025) Medical management of acute venous thromboembolism. Semin Intervent Radiol 42:558\u2013562","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"796_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13305","volume":"73","author":"A Yamashita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamashita A, Asada Y (2023) Underlying mechanisms of thrombus formation\/growth in atherothrombosis and deep vein thrombosis. Pathol Int 73:65\u201380","journal-title":"Pathol Int"}],"container-title":["Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Agents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/164_2026_796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:02:15Z","timestamp":1777060935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/164_2026_796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032228994","9783032229007"],"references-count":79,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2026_796","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-2004","1865-0325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-2004","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}