{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:16:41Z","timestamp":1780345001938,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540419334","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540453680","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45368-7_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,3]],"date-time":"2007-06-03T20:54:44Z","timestamp":1180904084000},"page":"157-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Users in Context"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Ingwersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320","volume":"13","author":"M. J. Bates","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bates, M. J. The Design of Browsing and Berry-Picking Techniques for the Online Search Interface. Online and CD-ROM Review, 13(5):407\u2013424, 1989.","journal-title":"Online and CD-ROM Review"},{"key":"8_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007187","volume":"53","author":"M. Beaulieu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beaulieu, M. Experiments with Interfaces to Support Query Expansion. Journal of Documentation, 53:8\u201319, 1997.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(95)00011-W","volume":"9","author":"N. J. Belkin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belkin, N. J., Cool, C., Stein, A., Thiel, U. Case, Scripts, and Information Seeking Strategies: On the Design of Interactive Information Retrieval Systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 9:379\u2013395, 1995.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)00057-A","volume":"31","author":"N. J. Belkin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belkin, N. J., Kantor, P., Fox, E. A., Shaw, J. A. Combining the Evidence of Multiple Query Representation for Information Retrieval. Information Processing & Management, 31:431\u2013448, 1995.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026722","volume":"38","author":"N. J. Belkin","year":"1982","unstructured":"Belkin, N. J., Oddy, R., Brooks, H. ASK for Information Retrieval. Journal of Documentation, 38(3):61\u201371, 1982.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007110","volume":"56","author":"P. Borlund","year":"2000","unstructured":"Borlund, P. Experimental Components for the Evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval Systems. Journal of Documentation, 56(1):71\u201390 (2000).","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007198","volume":"53","author":"P. Borlund","year":"1997","unstructured":"Borlund, P., Ingwersen, P. The Development of a Method for the Evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval Systems. Journal of Documentation, 53(3):225\u2013250, 1997.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR8","unstructured":"Borlund, P., Ingwersen, P. Measures of Relative Relevance and Ranked Half-Life: Performance Indicators for Interactive IR. In: Wilkinson, R., Croft, B.W., van Rijsbergen, C. J. (eds.): Proceedings of the 21st ACM-Sigir Conference on Research and Development of Information Retrieval. York Press, Melbourne, Australia (1998) 324\u2013331."},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)00041-Z","volume":"31","author":"K. Bystr\u00f6m","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bystr\u00f6m, K., J\u00e4rvelin, K. Task Complexity Affects Information Seeking and Use. Information Processing & Management, 31(2):191\u2013214, 1995.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009902203782","volume":"2","author":"I. Campbell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Campbell, I. Interactive Evaluation of the Ostensive Model Using a New Yest Collection of Images with Multiple Relevance Assessments. Information Retrieval, 2:87\u2013114, 2000.","journal-title":"Information Retrieval"},{"key":"8_CR11","unstructured":"Cleverdon, C. W., Keen, E. M. Factors Determining the Performance of Indexing Systems. Vol. 1: Design. Vol. 2: Results. Aslib Cranfield Research Project, Cranfield, UK, 1966."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(71)90024-6","volume":"7","author":"W. S. Cooper","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cooper, W. S. A Definition of Relevance for Information Retrieval. Information Storage and Retrieval, 7(1):19\u201337, 1971.","journal-title":"Information Storage and Retrieval"},{"key":"8_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00072-2","volume":"36","author":"E. Cosijn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cosijn, E., Ingwersen, P. Dimensions of Relevance. Information Processing & Management, 36:533\u2013550, 2000.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"8_CR14","unstructured":"Dervin, Brenda, Nilan, M. Information Needs and Uses. In: Williams, M. E. (ed.): Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. Learned Information for the Am. Soc. for Information Science, Medford, NJ (1986) 3\u201333."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159902500107","volume":"25","author":"Y. Ding","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ding, Y., Chowdhury, G.. Foo, F. Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Information Retrieval Studies: An Author Co-Citation Analysis, 1987\u20131997. Journal of Information Science: Principles and Practice, 25(1):67\u201378, 1999.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science: Principles and Practice"},{"key":"8_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1515\/libr.1998.48.2.67","volume":"48","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garfield, E. From Citation Indexes to Informetrics: Is the Tail Wagging the Dog? Libri: International Library Review, 48:67\u201380, 1998.","journal-title":"Libri: International Library Review"},{"key":"8_CR17","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Readings in Information Retrieval","author":"D. K. Harman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harman, D. K. The TREC Conferences. In: Sparck Jones, K. and Willett, P. (eds.): Readings in Information Retrieval. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1997) 247\u2013256."},{"key":"8_CR18","volume-title":"Information Seeking and Subject Representation: An Activity-Theoretical Approach to Information Science","author":"H. B","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hj\u00f8rland, B. Information Seeking and Subject Representation: An Activity-Theoretical Approach to Information Science. Greenwood Press, London, 1997."},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)00062-8","volume":"31","author":"M. Iivonen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Iivonen, M. Consistency in the Selection of Search Concepts and Search Terms. Information Processing & Management, 31(2):173\u2013190, 1995.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026727","volume":"38","author":"P. Ingwersen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P. Search Procedures in the Library Analysed from the Cognitive Point of View. Journal of Documentation, 38(3):165\u2013191, 1982.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR21","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Intelligent Information Systems","author":"P. Ingwersen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P. Cognitive Analysis and the Role of the Intermediary in Information Retrieval. In: Davies, R., (ed.): Intelligent Information Systems. Horwood, Chichester, West Sussex, England, 1986. 206\u2013237."},{"key":"8_CR22","volume-title":"Information Retrieval Interaction","author":"P. Ingwersen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P. Information Retrieval Interaction. Taylor Graham, London, 1992."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026960","volume":"52","author":"P. Ingwersen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P. Cognitive Perspectives of Information Retrieval Interaction: Elements of a Cognitive IR Theory. Journal of Documentation, 52(1):3\u201350, 1996.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR24","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P. Cognitive Information Retrieval. In: Williams, M. (ed.): Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 34, (2000), In press."},{"key":"8_CR25","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvelin, K., Kek\u00e4lainen, J. IR Evaluation Methods for Retrieving highly Relevant Documents. In: Belkin, N. J., Ingwersen, P., Mun-Kew Leong (eds.): Proceedings of the 23rd ACM-Sigir Conference on Research and Development of Information Retrieval. SIGIR Forum, 34:41\u201348, 2000."},{"key":"8_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<361::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"42","author":"C. C. Kuhlthau","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kuhlthau, C. C. Inside the Search Process: Information Seeking from the User\u2019s Perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42:361\u2013371, 1991.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:5<399::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"50","author":"C. C. Kuhlthau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kuhlthau, C. C. The Role of Experience in the Information Search Process of an early Career Information Worker: Perceptions of Uncertainty, Complexity, Construction, and Sources. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(5):399\u2013412, 1999.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199709)48:9<810::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"48","author":"S. Mizzaro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mizzaro, S. Relevance: The Whole History. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48(9):810\u2013832, 1997.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"8_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007133","volume":"56","author":"A. 2000. \u00d8rom","year":"2000","unstructured":"\u00d8rom, A. 2000. Information Science, Historical Changes and Social Aspects: A Nordic Look. Journal of Documentation, 56:12\u201326, 2000.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR30","unstructured":"Pharo, N. Web Information Search Strategies: A Model for Classifying Web Interaction. In: Aparac, T., Saracevic, T., Ingwersen, P., Vakkari, P. (eds.): Proceedings from the 3rd International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, CoLIS 3: Digital Libraries: Interdisciplinary Concepts, Challenges and Opportunities. University Of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (1999) 207\u2013218."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007109","volume":"56","author":"N. O. Pors","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pors, N. O. Information Retrieval, Experimental Models and Statistical Analysis. Journal of Documentation, 56(1)(2000) 55\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR32","unstructured":"Reid, J. A New, Task-Orientated Paradigm for Information Retrieval: Implications for Evaluation of Information Retrieval Systems. In: Aparac, T., Saracevic, T., Ingwersen, P., Vakkari, P. (eds.): Proceedings from the Third International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, CoLIS 3: Digital Libraries: Interdisciplinary Concepts, Challenges and Opportunities. University of Zagreb, Croatia (1999) 97\u2013108."},{"key":"8_CR33","unstructured":"Saracevic, T. Relevance Reconsidered\u2019 96. In: Ingwersen, P., Pors, N. O. (eds): Information Science: Integration in Perspective. Royal School of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark (1996) 201\u2013218."},{"key":"8_CR34","unstructured":"Schamber, L. Relevance and Information Behavior. In: Williams, M. (ed.): Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 29:3\u201348, 1994."},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(90)90050-C","volume":"26","author":"L. Schamber","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schamber, L., Eisenberg, M., Nilan, M. A Re-Examination of Relevance: Toward a Dynamic, Situational Definition. Information Processing & Management, 26(6):755\u2013776, 1990.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(98)00025-9","volume":"34","author":"A. Spink","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spink, A., Greisdorf, H., Bateman, J. From Highly Relevant to not Relevant: Examining Different Regions of Relevance. Information Processing & Management, 34(5):599\u2013621, 1998.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"8_CR37","unstructured":"Spink, A., Greisdorf, H. Regions of Relevance Study, Part 1: Measuring and Mapping Users\u2019 Relevance Judgements. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51, (2000). In press."},{"key":"8_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_29_03_178","volume":"29","author":"R. S. Taylor","year":"1968","unstructured":"Taylor, R. S. Question Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries. College and Research Libraries, 29:178\u2013194, 1968.","journal-title":"College and Research Libraries"},{"key":"8_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turtle, H., Croft, W. B. Inference Methods For Document Retrieval. ACM-SIGIR Forum. June, 1\u201324, 1990.","DOI":"10.1145\/96749.98006"},{"key":"8_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(97)00074-5","volume":"34","author":"P. Vakkari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vakkari, P. Growth of Theories on Information Seeking: An Analysis of Growth of a Theoretical Research Program on the Relation between Task Complexity and Information Seeking. Information Processing & Management, 34:361\u2013382, 1998.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00028-X","volume":"35","author":"P. Vakkari","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vakkari, P. Task Complexity, Problem Structure and Information Actions: Integrating Studies on Information Seeking and Retrieval. Information Processing & Management, 35(6):819\u2013837, 1999.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"8_CR42","unstructured":"Vakkari, P. Relevance and Contributing Information Types of Searched Documents in Task Performance. In: Belkin, N. J., Ingwersen, P., Mun-Kew Leong (eds.): Proceedings of the 23rd ACM-Sigir Conference on Research and Development of Information Retrieval. SIGIR Forum, 34:2\u20139, 2000."},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007127","volume":"56","author":"P. Vakkari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vakkari, P., Hakkala, N. Changes in Relevance Criteria and Problem Stages in Task Performance. Journal of Documentation, 56(5):540\u2013562, 2000.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199605)47:5<385::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"47","author":"C.J. Rijsbergen van","year":"1996","unstructured":"van Rijsbergen, C.J., Lalmas, M. An Information Calculus for Information Retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47:385\u2013398, 1996.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"8_CR45","unstructured":"Voorhees, E.M. Variations in Relevance Judgements and the Measurement of Retrieval Effectiveness. In: Croft, B. W., Moffat, A., van Rijsbergen, C. J., Wilkinson, R. and Zobel, H. (eds): Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGIR Conference on research and development of Information retrieval. ACM Press\/ York Press, Melbourne, Australia 315\u2013323, 1998."},{"key":"8_CR46","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Information Seeking in Context","author":"P. Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang, P. Users\u2019 Information Needs at Different Stages of a Research Project: A Cognitive View. In: Vakkari, P. (eds): Information Seeking in Context. Taylor Graham, London (1997) 307\u2013318."},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:2<98::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"50","author":"P. Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang, P., White, M. D. A Cognitive Model of Document Use during a Research Project. Study II. Decisions at the Reading and Citing Stages. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(2):98\u2013114, 1999.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"8_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(73)90096-X","volume":"9","author":"P. Wilson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wilson, P. Situational Relevance. Information Storage and Retrieval, 9:457\u2013471, 1973.","journal-title":"Information Storage and Retrieval"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026702","volume":"37","author":"T. D. Wilson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wilson, T. D. On User Studies and Information Needs. Journal of Documentation, 37(1):3\u201315, 1981.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007145","volume":"55","author":"T. D. Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson, T. D. Models in Information Behaviour Research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3):249\u2013270, 1999.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"8_CR51","volume-title":"Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design","author":"T. Winograd","year":"1986","unstructured":"Winograd, T., Flores, C. F. Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Addison-Wesley, Norwood, NJ, 1986."},{"key":"8_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:9<841::AID-ASI70>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"51","author":"H. Xie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Xie, H. Shifts of Interactive Intentions and Information-Seeking Strategies in Interactive Information Retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51:841\u2013857, 2000.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Lectures on Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/3-540-45368-7_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]],"date-time":"2019-05-19T13:37:19Z","timestamp":1558273039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/3-540-45368-7_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"ISBN":["9783540419334","9783540453680"],"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45368-7_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2001","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}