{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:07:52Z","timestamp":1773817672423,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540441465","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540457244","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45724-0_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,16]],"date-time":"2007-08-16T11:47:26Z","timestamp":1187264846000},"page":"53-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Experimental Study of a Simple Ant Colony System for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ismail","family":"Ellabib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Otman A.","family":"Basir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Calamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195131581.001.0001","volume-title":"Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems","author":"E. Bonabeau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bonabeau, E., Dorigo, M. and Theraulaz, G.: Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems. New York: Oxford University Press (1999)."},{"key":"5_CR2","volume-title":"Meta-Heuristics: Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigms for Optimization","author":"B. Bullnheimer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bullnheimer, B., Hartl, R. and Strauss, C: Applying the Ant System to the Vehicle Routing Problem. In: Voss S., Martello S., Osman I.H., Roucairol C. (eds.), Meta-Heuristics: Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigms for Optimization, Kluwer: Boston (1997)."},{"key":"5_CR3","unstructured":"Bullnheimer, B., Hartl, R. and Strauss, C.: An improved ant system algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Paper presented at the Sixth Viennese workshop on Optimal Control, Dynamic Games, Nonlinear Dynamics and Adaptive Systems, Vienna (Austria), May 21\u201323, 1997, to appear in: Annals of Operations Research, Dawid, Feichtinger and Hartl (eds.): Nonlinear Economic Dynamics and Control, (1999)."},{"key":"5_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02601637","volume":"63","author":"W. Chiang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chiang, W. and Russell, R.: Simulated Annealing Metaheuristics for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, Annals of Oper. Res. 63, (1996), 1\u201329.","journal-title":"Annals of Oper. Res."},{"key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.9.4.417","volume":"9","author":"W. Chiang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chiang, W. and Russell, R.: A reactive tabu search metaheuristic for the vehicle routing problem with time windows, INFORMS J. on Computing 9, 4 (1997).","journal-title":"INFORMS J. on Computing"},{"key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordeau, J.-F., Desrosiers, G., Solomon, M. and Soumis, F., \u201cThe VRP with Time Windows\u201d, in The Vehicle Routing Problem, Chapter 7, Paolo Toth and Daniele Vigo (eds), SIAM Monographs on Discrete Mathematics and Applications, 157\u2013193, 2002.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898718515.ch7"},{"key":"5_CR7","unstructured":"Desrochers, M., Lenstra, J., Savelsbergh, J. and Soumis, F.: Vehicle routing with time windows: Optimization and approximation, in: B.L. Golden and AA. Assad(eds.), Vehicle Routing: Methods and Studies, North-Holland, Amsterdam, (1988), 85\u2013105."},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desrosiers, J. Dumas, Y., Solomon, M., Soumis, F., Time constrained routing and scheduling, in: M. Ball, T. Magnanti, M. Monma, G. Nemhauser (Eds.), Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science, vol. 8: Network Routing, Netherlands, Amsterdam, (1995), 35\u2013139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80106-9"},{"key":"5_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436","volume":"B 26","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., Maniezzo V., and Colorni, A.: The Ant System: Optimization by a Colony of Cooperating Agents, IEEE Trans. Sys. Man Cyb. B 26 (1996), 29\u201341.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sys. Man Cyb."},{"key":"5_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585892","volume":"1","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., Gambardella, L.: Ant Colony System: A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comp. 1, No.1 (1997), 53\u201366.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comp."},{"key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.42.1.5","volume":"42","author":"M. Drop","year":"1994","unstructured":"Drop, M., Note on the complexity of the shortest path models for column generation in VRPTW, Operations Research 42, 5 (1994).","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"5_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taillard, E. Badeau, P. Gendreau, M., Guertin, F. and Potvin, J.: A Tabu Search Heuristic for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows, Transportation Science 31, 2, (1997).","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.31.2.170"},{"key":"5_CR13","unstructured":"Gambardella, L., Taillard, E. and Agazzi, G.: MACS-VRPTW: A multiple Ant Colony system for vehicle routing problems with time windows. In D. Corne, M. Dorigo and F. Glover, editors, New Ideas in Optimization. McGraw-Hill (Also available as, Tech. Rep. IDSIA-06-99, IDSIA, Lugano, Switzerland), (1999)."},{"key":"5_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230110211","volume":"11","author":"J. Lenstra","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lenstra, J. and Rinnooy Kan, A.: Complexity of Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems, Networks 11, (1981), 221\u2013227.","journal-title":"Networks"},{"key":"5_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.35.2.254","volume":"35","author":"M. Solomon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Solomon, M.: Algorithms for the vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems with Time Window constraints, Operations research 35, (1987), 254\u2013265.","journal-title":"Operations research"},{"key":"5_CR16","unstructured":"Thangiah, S., Osman, I. and Sun, T.,:Hybrid Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, and Tabu Search Methods for Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows. Technical Report 27, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University (1994)."},{"key":"5_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-1810(01)00005-X","volume":"15","author":"K.C. Tan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tan, K.C., Lee, Q.L., Zhu, K.,Ou: Heuristic methods for vehicle routing problem with time windows, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering 15, Elsevier, (2001), 281\u2013295.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Ant Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/3-540-45724-0_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T03:42:34Z","timestamp":1718250154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/3-540-45724-0_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"ISBN":["9783540441465","9783540457244"],"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45724-0_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2002","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}