{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T22:59:45Z","timestamp":1725663585103},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540534143"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540468691"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]],"date-time":"1990-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":631152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-53414-8_29","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,25]],"date-time":"2012-02-25T22:02:55Z","timestamp":1330207375000},"page":"47-61","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seven hard problems in symbolic background knowledge acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yves","family":"Kodratoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Adorni G., Massone L., Sandini G., Immovilli M., \"From early processing to conceptual reasoning: An attempt to fill the gap\", in Proc. 10th IJCAI, 1987, pp. 775\u2013778."},{"key":"3_CR2","unstructured":"Asada M., Shirai Y., \"Building a world model for a mobile robot using dynamic semantic constraints\", in Proc. 11th IJCAI, 1989, pp.1629\u20131634."},{"key":"3_CR3","volume-title":"L'analyse des donn\u00e9es","author":"J. P. Benzecri","year":"1973","unstructured":"Benzecri J. P. et alii, L'analyse des donn\u00e9es, Dunod, Paris, 1973."},{"key":"3_CR4","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Proc. 4th EWSL","author":"G. Bisson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bisson, G., Laublet P., \"A Functional Model to Evaluate Learning Systems\", in Proc. 4th EWSL, Morik K. (Ed.), Pitman, London 1989, pp. 37\u201348."},{"key":"3_CR5","unstructured":"Blythe J., Needham D, McDowell R., Manago M., Rouveirol C., Kodratoff Y., Lesaffre F.-M., Conruyt N., Corsi P. Knowledge Acquisition by Machine Learning: the INSTIL Project, in Esprit'88 Putting the Technology to Use, pp. 769\u2013779, North-Holland, Amsterdam 1988."},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-8143(89)80003-2","volume":"1","author":"J. H. Boose","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boose, J. H. \"A survey of knowledge acquisition techniques and tools\", Knowledge Acquisition 1, 1989, pp. 3\u201337.","journal-title":"Knowledge Acquisition"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-8143(89)80017-2","volume":"1","author":"J. H. Boose","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boose, J. H., Shema D.B., Bradsi J M. \"Recent progress in AQUINAS: a knowledge acquisition workbench\", Knowledge Acquisition 1, 1989, pp. 139\u2013214.","journal-title":"Knowledge Acquisition"},{"volume-title":"Progress in Machine Learning","year":"1987","key":"3_CR8","unstructured":"Bratko I., Lavrac N. (Eds) Progress in Machine Learning, Sigma Press, Wilmslow 1987."},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-1989-2103","volume":"2","author":"I. Bratko","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bratko, I., Kodratoff, Y., An analytical report of EWSL-88, AI Communications 2, 1989, pp. 24\u201327.","journal-title":"AI Communications"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90028-X","volume":"17","author":"R. A. Brooks","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brooks R. A., \"Symbolic reasoning among 3-D models and 2-D images\", Artificial Intelligence Journal, 17, 1981, pp. 285\u2013348.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Journal"},{"volume-title":"Rule-Base Expert Systems","year":"1984","key":"3_CR11","unstructured":"Buchanan B.G., Shortliffe E. H. (Eds.) Rule-Base Expert Systems, Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1984."},{"key":"3_CR12","unstructured":"Cannat J. J., Vrain C., \"Machine Learning Applied to Air Traffic Control\", Proc. Human Machine Interaction, Artificial Intelligence, Aeronautics and Space, Toulouse Sept. 1988, pp. 265\u2013274, CEPAD Toulouse,1988."},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-87137-4.50039-4","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","author":"B. M. Dawant","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dawant B. M., Jansen B. H., \"A coupled expert system for automated signal interpretation,\" in Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Gelsema E.S. and Kanal L.N. (Eds), North-Holland, Amsterdam 1988, pp. 471\u2013481."},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR14","first-page":"145","volume":"1","author":"G. DeJong","year":"1986","unstructured":"DeJong G., Mooney R.: \"Explanation Based Learning: An Alternative View\", Machine Learning Journal, Vol. 1, Number 2, 1986, pp. 145\u2013176, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","journal-title":"Machine Learning Journal"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duval B., Kodratoff Y. \"A Tool for the Management of Incomplete Theories: Reasoning about explanations\" in Machine Learning, Meta-Reasoning and Logics, P. Brazdil and K. Konolige (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Press, 1990, pp. 135\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1641-1_7"},{"key":"3_CR16","volume-title":"State of the Art Report on Machine Intelligence","author":"E. A. Feigenbaum","year":"1981","unstructured":"Feigenbaum E. A. \"Expert Systems in the 1980s\", in Bond editor, State of the Art Report on Machine Intelligence, Maidenhead: Pergamon-Infotech, 1981."},{"key":"3_CR17","unstructured":"Ganascia J.-G., Helft N., \"Evaluation des Syst\u00e8mes d'Apprentissage\", Actes Journ\u00e9es Fran\u00e7aises sur l'Apprentissage, E. Chouraqui editor, Cassis May 1988, CNRS Marseilles 1988, pp. 3\u201320."},{"key":"3_CR18","unstructured":"Ganascia, J.-G., \"Improvement and Refinement of the Learning Bias Semantic\", Proc. ECAI-88, Y. Kodratoff (Ed), Pitman 1988, pp 384\u2013389"},{"key":"3_CR19","unstructured":"Huertas A., Cole W., Nevatia R., \"Using generic knowledge in analysis of aerial scenes: A case study\", in Proc. 11th IJCAI, 1989, pp. 1642\u20131648."},{"key":"3_CR20","unstructured":"Kodratoff Y. \"Characterising Machine Learning Programs: A European Compilation\", RR 507 LRI, 1989, reproduced in Artificial Intelligence, Research Directions in Cognitive Science, European Perspectives, Vol. 5, D. Sleeman and N. O. Bernsen (Eds), Lawrence Erlbaum (to appear)"},{"key":"3_CR21","unstructured":"Kodratoff Y. \"Faut-il choisir entre science des explications et science des nombres?\", in Induction symbolique et num\u00e9rique \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es, Kodratoff Y and Diday E. (Eds), Cepadues Editions, Toulouse 1990 (to appear)."},{"key":"3_CR22","unstructured":"Kodratoff Y. Introduction to Machine Learning, Pitman 1988."},{"key":"3_CR23","unstructured":"Kodratoff Y., Ganascia J.G., Clavieras B., Bollinger T., Tecuci G., \"Careful Generalization for Concept Learning\", Proc. ECAI-84, Pisa 1984, pp. 483\u2013492. Also in Advances in Artificial Intelligence, T. O'Shea (ed), pp. 229\u2013238, North-Holland Amsterdam 1985."},{"key":"3_CR24","unstructured":"Kodratoff Y., Rouveirol C., Tecuci G., and Duval B. \"Symbolic approaches to uncertainty\", in Intelligent Systems: State of the art and future directions, Ras Z. W. and Zemankova M. (Eds.), Ellis Horwood, 1990 (to appear)."},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80051-2","volume":"27","author":"Y. Kodratoff","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kodratoff, Y., Manago, M. and Blythe, J., \"Generalization and Noise\" Int. J. Man-Machine Studies 27, 1987, pp. 181\u2013204. Also in Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems, Gaines B. and Boose J. (Eds), Academic Press, London 1988, pp. 301\u2013324","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"3_CR26","unstructured":"Kodratoff, Y., Manago, M., Blythe, J., Smallman, C. and Andro, Th.,: \"The Integration of Numeric and Symbolic Techniques in Learning\", in ESPRIT 86 Results and Achievements, North-Holland, 1987, pp 313\u2013321."},{"key":"3_CR27","unstructured":"Kodratoff, Y., Perdrix, H. and Franova, M., \"Traitement symbolique du raisonnement incertain\", Actes Congr\u00e8s AFCET Mat\u00e9riels et Logiciels pour la 5\u00e8me G\u00e9n\u00e9ration, Paris, March 1985, pp.33\u201345."},{"key":"3_CR28","first-page":"39","volume":"1","author":"Y. Kodratoff","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kodratoff, Y., Tecuci, G., \"Techniques of Design and DISCIPLE Learning Apprentice\", International J. of Expert Systems 1, 1, 1987, pp. 39\u201366.","journal-title":"International J. of Expert Systems 1"},{"key":"3_CR29","unstructured":"Manago M., Kodratoff Y.: \"Noise and Knowledge Acquisition\", Proc. IJCAI-87, Milan Aug. 87, pp. 348\u2013354."},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalski R. S. \"A Theory and a Methodology of Inductive Learning\", in Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, T.M. Mitchell (Eds.), Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, 1983, pp 83\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051054-5.50008-X"},{"key":"3_CR31","unstructured":"Michalski R., \"Inductive learning as rule-guided transformation of symbolic descriptions A theory and implementation\", in Automatic Program Construction Techniques, Biermann, Guiho and Kodratoff editors, Macmillan Publishing Company 1984, pp. 517\u2013552."},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalski, R.S., Carbonell, J. G., Mitchell, T. M. (Eds.), Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Morgan Kaufmann 1983.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12405-5"},{"key":"3_CR33","unstructured":"Michalski, R.S., Carbonell, J. G., Mitchell, T. M. (Eds.), Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Volume II, Morgan Kaufmann 1986."},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR34","first-page":"47","volume":"1","author":"T.M. Mitchell","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mitchell T.M., Keller R.M., Kedar-Cabelli S.T.: \"Explanation Based Learning: An Unifying View\", Machine Learning Journal, Vol. 1, Number 1, 1, 1986, pp. 47\u201380, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","journal-title":"Machine Learning Journal"},{"key":"3_CR35","series-title":"Lecture Note in AI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0017219","volume-title":"Knowledge Representation and Organization in Machine Learning","author":"K. Morik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morik K. \"Sloppy Modeling\" in Knowledge Representation and Organization in Machine Learning, Lecture Note in AI 347, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1989, pp.107\u2013134."},{"key":"3_CR36","unstructured":"Morik K., Rouveirol C., Sims P.: \u201cComparative Study of the representation languages used by the systems of the MLT\u201d, rapport ESPRIT D2.1., Nov. 1989."},{"key":"3_CR37","unstructured":"Perucca G., de Couasnon T., Giorcelli S., Hirsh E., Mangold H., \"Advanced algorithms and architecture for speech and image processing\", in Esprit'88, Putting the Technology to Use, CEC (Ed.), North Holland 1988, pp. 543\u2013561."},{"key":"3_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinlan J.R., \"Learning Efficient Classification Procedures and their Application to Chess End Games\" in Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, T.M. Mitchell (Eds.), Morgan Kaufmann 1983, pp 463\u2013482","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051054-5.50019-4"},{"key":"3_CR39","unstructured":"Quinlan, J. R. \"Learning efficient classification procedures and their application to chess end games,\" in Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Michalski R. S., Carbonell J. G., Mitchell T. M. (Eds), Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos."},{"key":"3_CR40","unstructured":"Schank R. C. Explanation Patterns: Understanding mechanically and Creatively, Ablex Publishing Company, (1987)."},{"key":"3_CR41","volume-title":"Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding","author":"R. C. Schank","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schank R. C., Abelson R. P., Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J. (1977)."},{"key":"3_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691214696","volume-title":"A mathematical theory of evidence","author":"D. Shafer","year":"1976","unstructured":"Shafer D. A mathematical theory of evidence, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1976."},{"key":"3_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-87137-4.50035-7","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","author":"C. Smets","year":"1988","unstructured":"Smets C., Verbeek G., Suetens P., Oosterlinck A., \"A knowledge-based system for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the cerebral blood vessels from a pair of stereoscopic angiograms\", in Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Gelsema E.S. and Kanal L.N. (Eds), North-Holland, Amsterdam 1988, pp. 425\u2013435."},{"key":"3_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tecuci, G., and Kodratoff, Y., \"Apprenticeship Learning in Nonhomogeneous Domain Theories\", in Kodratoff Y. and Michalski R. S. (Eds.) Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Volume 3, Morgan-Kaufmann 1990 (to appear).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051055-2.50028-6"},{"key":"3_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(83)80081-5","volume":"11","author":"L. A. Zadeh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zadeh L. A. The role of fuzzy logic in the management of uncertainty in expert systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 11, 1983, pp. 199\u2013227.","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Aspects and Prospects of Theoretical Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/3-540-53414-8_29","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T03:25:11Z","timestamp":1640921111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/3-540-53414-8_29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990]]},"ISBN":["9783540534143","9783540468691"],"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-53414-8_29","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2005","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}