{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T03:02:47Z","timestamp":1771210967532,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540617235","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540706687","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61723-x_1029","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T14:34:58Z","timestamp":1152714898000},"page":"656-665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["A study of some properties of Ant-Q"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Dorigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca Maria","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"66_CR1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. No. IRIDIA\/95-22","author":"H. Bersini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bersini H., C. Oury and M. Dorigo, 1995. Hybridization of genetic algorithms. Tech. Rep. No. IRIDIA\/95-22, IRIDIA, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium."},{"key":"66_CR2","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Distributed Optimization by Ant Colonies","author":"A. Colorni","year":"1991","unstructured":"Colorni A., M. Dorigo and V. Maniezzo, 1991. Distributed Optimization by Ant Colonies. Proceedings of ECAL91 \u2014 European Conference on Artificial Life, Paris, France, F. Varela and P. Bourgine (Eds.), Elsevier Publishing, 134\u2013142."},{"key":"66_CR3","first-page":"509","volume-title":"An Investigation of some Properties of an Ant Algorithm","author":"A. Colorni","year":"1992","unstructured":"Colorni A., M. Dorigo and V. Maniezzo, 1992. An Investigation of some Properties of an Ant Algorithm. Proceedings of the Parallel Problem Solving from Nature Conference (PPSN 92), Brussels, Belgium, R. M\u00e4nner and B. Manderick (Eds.), Elsevier Publishing, 509\u2013520."},{"key":"66_CR4","volume-title":"Ph.D.Thesis","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dorigo M., 1992. Optimization, Learning and Natural Algorithms. Ph.D.Thesis, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. (In Italian)."},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436","volume":"26","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dorigo M., V. Maniezzo and A. Colorni, 1996. The Ant System: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B, 26, 2, 29\u201341.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B"},{"key":"66_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1969.56","volume":"20","author":"S. Eilon","year":"1969","unstructured":"Eilon S., C.D.T. Watson-Gandy and N. Christofides, 1969. Distribution management: mathematical modeling and practical analysis. Operational Research Quarterly, 20, 37\u201353.","journal-title":"Operational Research Quarterly"},{"key":"66_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01585701","volume":"53","author":"M. Fischetti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fischetti M. and P. Toth, 1992. An Additive Bounding Procedure for the Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem. Mathematical Programming, 53, 173\u2013197.","journal-title":"Mathematical Programming"},{"key":"66_CR8","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. OR-94","author":"M. Fischetti","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fischetti M. and P. Toth, 1994. A polyhedral approach for the exact solution of hard ATSP instances. Tech. Rep. OR-94, DEIS, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Italy, April 1994."},{"key":"66_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/01969729308961697","volume":"24","author":"D. Fogel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fogel D., 1993. Applying evolutionary programming to selected traveling salesman problems. Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal, 24, 27\u201336.","journal-title":"Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal"},{"key":"66_CR10","first-page":"252","volume-title":"Ant-Q: A Reinforcement Learning approach to the traveling salesman problem","author":"L. Gambardella","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gambardella L. and M. Dorigo, 1995. Ant-Q: A Reinforcement Learning approach to the traveling salesman problem. Proceedings of ML-95, Twelfth International Conference on Machine Learning, Tahoe City, CA, A. Prieditis and S. Russell (Eds.), Morgan Kaufmann, 252\u2013260."},{"key":"66_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1109\/21.257766","volume":"23","author":"F.-T. Lin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lin F.-T., C.-Y. Kao and C.-C. Hsu, 1993. Applying the genetic approach to simulated annealing in solving some NP-hard problems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 23, 1752\u20131767.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"66_CR12","volume-title":"Ph. D. dissertation","author":"C.J.C.H. Watkins","year":"1989","unstructured":"Watkins C.J.C.H., 1989. Learning with delayed rewards. Ph. D. dissertation, Psychology Department, University of Cambridge, England."},{"key":"66_CR13","unstructured":"Whitley D., T. Starkweather and D. Fuquay, 1989. Scheduling Problems and Traveling Salesman: the Genetic Edge Recombination Operator. Proc. of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Morgan Kaufmann, 133\u2013140."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Parallel Problem Solving from Nature \u2014 PPSN IV"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/3-540-61723-X_1029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T02:47:03Z","timestamp":1549248423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/3-540-61723-X_1029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"ISBN":["9783540617235","9783540706687"],"references-count":13,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-61723-x_1029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}}}