{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:10:12Z","timestamp":1742602212733,"version":"3.40.2"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540629092"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540690429"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-62909-2_93","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,26]],"date-time":"2012-02-26T22:56:10Z","timestamp":1330296970000},"page":"391-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Probabilistic relaxation: Potential, relationships and open problems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Josef","family":"Kittler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"25_CR1","volume-title":"Pattern recognition: A statistical approach","author":"P. A. Devijver","year":"1982","unstructured":"P A Devijver and J Kittler, Pattern recognition: A statistical approach, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1982."},{"key":"25_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1986.tb01412.x","volume":"48","author":"J Besag","year":"1986","unstructured":"J Besag, On the satatistical analysis of dirty pictures, Journal Royal Statist. Society, 48, Series B, 259\u2013302, 1986.","journal-title":"Journal Royal Statist. Society"},{"key":"25_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1984.4767596","volume":"PAMI-6","author":"S Geman","year":"1984","unstructured":"S Geman and D Geman, Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions and the Bayesian restoration of images, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-6, 721\u2013741, 1984.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR4","first-page":"181","volume":"PAMI-13","author":"D Geiger","year":"1991","unstructured":"D Geiger and F Girosi, Parallel and deterministic algorithms from MRF's: Surface reconstruction, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-13, 181\u2013188, 1991.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","volume":"220","author":"S Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","unstructured":"S Kirkpatrick, C D Gellatt and M P Vecchi, Optimization by simulated annealing, Science, 220, 671\u2013680, 1983.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"25_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(83)90077-6","volume":"1","author":"A Blake","year":"1983","unstructured":"A Blake, The least disturbance principle and weak constraints, Pattern Recognition Letters, 1, 393\u2013399, 1983.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"25_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7132.001.0001","volume-title":"Visual reconstruction","author":"A Blake","year":"1987","unstructured":"A Blake and A Zisserman, Visual reconstruction, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1987."},{"key":"25_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.12.4263","volume":"83","author":"C Koch","year":"1986","unstructured":"C Koch, J Marroquin and A Yuille, Analog neuronal networks in early vision, Proc Nat. Academic Science, 83, 4263\u20134267, 1986.","journal-title":"Proc Nat. Academic Science"},{"key":"25_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Witkin, D Terzopoulos and M Kass, Signal matching through scale space, Intern. Journal Computer Vision, 133\u2013144, 1987.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123162"},{"key":"25_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1976.4309519","volume":"SMC-6","author":"A Rosenfeld","year":"1976","unstructured":"A Rosenfeld, R Hummel and S Zucker, Scene labeling by relaxation operations, IEEE Trans System Man and Cybernetics, SMC-6, 420\u2013433, 1976.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans System Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1981.4767127","volume":"PAMI-3","author":"O Faugeras","year":"1981","unstructured":"O Faugeras and M Berthod, Improving consistency and reducing ambiguity in stochastic labeling, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-3, 412\u2013423, 1981.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(85)90009-5","volume":"3","author":"J Kittler","year":"1985","unstructured":"J Kittler and J Illingworth, A review of relaxation labelling algorithms, Image and Vision Computing, 3, 206,216, 1985.","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"key":"25_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1983.4767390","volume":"PAMI-5","author":"R Hummel","year":"1983","unstructured":"R Hummel and S Zucker, On the foundations of relaxation labeling process, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-5, 267\u2013286, 1983.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1142\/S021800148900005X","volume":"3","author":"J Kittler","year":"1989","unstructured":"J Kittler and E R Hancock, Combining evidence in probabilistic relaxation, Intern. Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 3, 29\u201351, 1989.","journal-title":"Intern. Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1109\/34.44403","volume":"PAMI-12","author":"E. R. Hancock","year":"1990","unstructured":"E R Hancock and J Kittler, Edge labeling using dictionary-based relaxation, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-12, 165\u2013181, 1990.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Kittler, W J Christmas and M Petrou, Probabilistic relaxation for matching problems in computer vision, Proc 4th Intern. Conference on Computer Vision, Berlin, 1993.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1993.378148"},{"key":"25_CR17","unstructured":"J Kittler, P Papachristou and M Petrou, Combining evidence in dictionary based probabilistic relaxation Proc 8th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Tromso, 1993."},{"key":"25_CR18","volume-title":"The Psychology of Computer Vision","author":"D. L. Waltz","year":"1975","unstructured":"D L Waltz, Understanding line drawings of scenes with shadows, in The Psychology of Computer Vision, P H Winston, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975."},{"key":"25_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(90)90094-2","volume":"23","author":"E. R. Hancock","year":"1990","unstructured":"E R Hancock and J Kittler, Discrete relaxation, Pattern Recognition, 23, 711\u2013733, 1990.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"25_CR20","first-page":"548","volume":"SMC-8","author":"S Peleg","year":"1978","unstructured":"S Peleg and A Rosenfeld, Determining compatibility coefficients for curve enhancement relaxation processes, IEEE Trans Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-8, 548\u2013555, 1978.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"25_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1977.1674848","volume":"C-26","author":"S Zucker","year":"1977","unstructured":"S Zucker, R Hummel and A Rosenfeld, An application of relaxation labelling to line and curve enhancement, IEEE Tranc Computers, C-26, 394\u2013404, 1977.","journal-title":"IEEE Tranc Computers"},{"key":"25_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(83)90083-X","volume":"22","author":"R. M. Haralick","year":"1983","unstructured":"R M Haralick, An interpretation of probabilistic relaxation, Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 22, 388\u2013395, 1983.","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing"},{"key":"25_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-664X(80)80038-4","volume":"13","author":"R. L. Kirby","year":"1985","unstructured":"R L Kirby, A product rule relaxation method, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 13, 158\u2013189, 1985.","journal-title":"Computer Graphics and Image Processing"},{"key":"25_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1980.4767035","volume":"PAMI-2","author":"S Peleg","year":"1980","unstructured":"S Peleg, A new probabilistic relaxation scheme, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-2, 362\u2013369, 1980.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR25","unstructured":"E R Hancock and J Kittler, Relaxation refinement of intensity ridges, Proc 11th Internat. Conference on Pattern Recognition, 459\u2013463, 1992."},{"key":"25_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1109\/34.400565","volume":"PAMI-17","author":"W. J. Christmas","year":"1995","unstructured":"W J Christmas, J Kittler and M Petrou, Structural matching in computer vision using probabilistic relaxation, IEEE Trans Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-17, 749\u2013764, 1995.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR27","unstructured":"J Kittler, P Papachristou and M Petrou, Probabilistic relaxation in line post-processing, Proc Workshop on Statistical Methods in Pattern Recognition, Tromso, 1993."},{"key":"25_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(81)90009-1","volume":"13","author":"D. H. Ballard","year":"1981","unstructured":"D H Ballard, Generalising the Hough Transform to detect arbitrary shapes, Pattern Recognition, 13, 111\u2013122, 1981.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"25_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(88)80033-1","volume":"44","author":"J Illingworth","year":"1988","unstructured":"J Illingworth and J Kittler, A survey of the Hough Transform, Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 44, 87\u2013116, 1988.","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing"},{"key":"25_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Califano and R Mohan, Multidimensional indexing for recognising visual shapes, Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 28\u201334, 1991.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1991.139656"},{"key":"25_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H M Lee, J Kittler and K C Wong, Generalised Hough Transform in object recognition, Proc. 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 285\u2013289, 1992.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1992.201981"},{"key":"25_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1996.546748","volume":"II-B","author":"Z Shao","year":"1996","unstructured":"Z Shao and J Kittler, Fuzzy non-iterative ARG labelling with multiple interpretations, Proc 13th Internat. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, II-B, 181\u2013185, 1996.","journal-title":"Proc 13th Internat. Conf. on Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"25_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(96)01093-1","volume":"14","author":"W. J. Christmas","year":"1996","unstructured":"W J Christmas, J Kittler and M Petrou, Probabilistic feature-labelling schemes: modelling compatibility coefficient distributions, Image and Vision Computing, 14, 617\u2013625, 1996.","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"key":"25_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1109\/34.310691","volume":"PAMI-16","author":"M Pelillo","year":"1994","unstructured":"M Pelillo and M Refice, Learning compatibility coefficients for relaxation labelling, IEEE Trans Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-16, 933\u2013945, 1994.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19960278","volume":"32","author":"W. J. Christmas","year":"1996","unstructured":"W J Christmas, J Kittler and M Petrou, Labelling 2-D geometric primitives using probabilistic relaxation: reducing the computational requirements, Electronic Letters, 32, 312\u2013314, 1996.","journal-title":"Electronic Letters"},{"key":"25_CR36","first-page":"647","volume-title":"A new algorithm for probabilistic relaxation based on the Baum Eagon theorem","author":"A. J. Stoddart","year":"1995","unstructured":"A J Stoddart, M Petrou and J Kittler, A new algorithm for probabilistic relaxation based on the Baum Eagon theorem, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, V Hlavac and R Sara eds., 647\u2013679, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995."},{"key":"25_CR37","first-page":"325","volume-title":"in Pattern Recognition in Practice IV: Multiple Paradigms, Comparative Studies and Hybrid Systems","author":"W. J. Christmas","year":"1994","unstructured":"W J Christmas, J Kittler and M Petrou, Analytical approaches to the neural network architecture design, in Pattern Recognition in Practice IV: Multiple Paradigms, Comparative Studies and Hybrid Systems, E S Gelsema and L Kanal Eds., 325\u2013335, North Holland, Amsterdam 1994."},{"key":"25_CR38","volume-title":"From Statistics to Neural Networks","author":"J Kittler","year":"1994","unstructured":"J Kittler, relaxation methods and their neural net implementation, From Statistics to Neural Networks, V Cherkasky and H Wechsler, Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1994."},{"key":"25_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P L Palmer, J Kittler and M Petrou, A Hough transform algorithm with a 2D hypothesis testing kernel, Proceedings of the 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1992.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1992.201979"},{"key":"25_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(95)98861-M","volume":"13","author":"J. Matas","year":"1995","unstructured":"J. Matas, R Marik and J Kittler, Colour-based object recognition under spectrally non-uniform illumination, Image and Vision Computing, 13, 663\u2013669, 1995.","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"key":"25_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1109\/34.277588","volume":"16","author":"J Princen","year":"1994","unstructured":"J Princen, J Illingworth and J Kittler, Hypothesis testing: a framework for analysing and optimising Hough transform performance, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 16, 329\u2013341, 1994.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01530946","volume":"10","author":"J Illingworth","year":"1994","unstructured":"J Illingworth, G Jones, J Kittler, M Petrou and J Princen, Robust statistical methods of 2D and 3D image description, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 10, 125\u2013148, 1994.","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"25_CR43","unstructured":"Z Shao and J Kittler, Shape Recognition Using Invariant Unary and Binary Relations, Workshop on Visual Form, Capri, 1997 (submitted)."},{"key":"25_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W J Christmas, J Kittler and M Petrou, Error propagation for 2D-to-3D matching with application to underwater navigation, Proceedings of the Seventh British Machine Vision Conference, 555\u2013564, 1996.","DOI":"10.5244\/C.10.7"},{"key":"25_CR45","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Aspects of Visual Form Processing","author":"W. J. Christmas","year":"1994","unstructured":"W J Christmas, J Kittler and M Petrou, Location of objects in a cluttered scene using probabilistic relaxation, In: Arcelli C, Cordelia LP, Sanniti di Baja G ed. Aspects of Visual Form Processing, 119\u2013128, Singapore: World Scientific, 1994."},{"key":"25_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(95)99728-J","volume":"13","author":"R. C. Wilson","year":"1995","unstructured":"R C Wilson, A N Evans and E R Hancock, Relational matching by discrete relaxation, Image and Vision Computing, 13, 411\u2013422, 1995.","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"key":"25_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R C Wilson and E R Hancock, Relational matching with dynamic graph structures, Proceedings 5th Intern. Conf. Computer Vision, 450\u2013456, Cambridge, 1995.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1995.466905"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/3-540-62909-2_93.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T23:34:23Z","timestamp":1742600063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/3-540-62909-2_93"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"ISBN":["9783540629092","9783540690429"],"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-62909-2_93","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997]]}}}