{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T15:05:49Z","timestamp":1747580749196},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783540634386"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783540695486"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63438-x_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,26]],"date-time":"2012-02-26T20:38:50Z","timestamp":1330288730000},"page":"28-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Concepticons vs. lexicons: An architecture for multilingual information extraction"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Gaizauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Azzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yorick","family":"Wilks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Advanced Research Projects Agency. Proceedings of the Fifth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-5). Morgan Kaufmann, 1993."},{"volume-title":"The Core Language Engine","year":"1992","key":"3_CR2","unstructured":"H. Alshawi, editor. The Core Language Engine. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1992."},{"key":"3_CR3","unstructured":"AVENTINUS: Advanced information system for multinational drug enforcement. http:\/\/www2.echo.lu\/langeng\/en\/lel\/aventinus\/aventinus.html. Site visited 29\/05\/97."},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1145\/234173.234209","volume":"39","author":"J. Cowie","year":"1996","unstructured":"J. Cowie and W. Lehnert. Information extraction. Communications of the ACM, 39(1):80\u201391, 1996.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"3_CR5","series-title":"LE project LEl-2238 AVENTINUS internal technical report","volume-title":"Domain Modelling for AVENTINUS (WP 4.2)","author":"H. Cunningham","year":"1996","unstructured":"H. Cunningham, S. Azzam, and Y. Wilks. Domain Modelling for AVENTINUS (WP 4.2). LE project LEl-2238 AVENTINUS internal technical report, University of Sheffield, UK, 1996."},{"key":"3_CR6","unstructured":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6). Morgan Kaufmann, 1995."},{"key":"3_CR7","unstructured":"ECRAN: Extraction of Content: Research at Near-Market. http:\/\/www2.echo.lu\/langeng\/en\/lei\/ecran\/ecran.html. Site visited 29\/05\/97."},{"key":"3_CR8","unstructured":"FACILE: Fast and Accurate Categorisation of Information by Language Engineering. http:\/\/www2.echo.lu\/langeng\/en\/lel\/facile\/facile.html. Site visited 29\/05\/97."},{"key":"3_CR9","unstructured":"R. Gaizauskas. XI: A Knowledge Representation Language Based on Cross-Classification and Inheritance. Technical Report CS-95-24, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, 1995."},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Gaizauskas and K. Humphreys. Using a semantic network for information extraction. Journal of Natural Language Engineering, 1997. In press.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324997001769"},{"key":"3_CR11","unstructured":"R. Gaizauskas, T. Wakao, K Humphreys, H. Cunningham, and Y. Wilks. Description of the LaSIE system as used for MUC-6. In Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6). Morgan Kaufmann, 1995."},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks. Information Extraction: Beyond Document Retrieval. Submitted to Journal of Documentation, 1997.","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007162"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Grishman and B. Sundheim. Message understanding conference \u2014 6: A brief history. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, June 1996.","DOI":"10.3115\/992628.992709"},{"volume-title":"New Concepts in Natural Language Generation: Planning, Realization and Systems","year":"1993","key":"3_CR14","unstructured":"H. Horacek and M. Zock, editors. New Concepts in Natural Language Generation: Planning, Realization and Systems. Pinter Publishers, London, 1993."},{"key":"3_CR15","volume-title":"Machine Translation: past, present, future","author":"W.J. Hutchins","year":"1986","unstructured":"W.J. Hutchins. Machine Translation: past, present, future. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1986."},{"key":"3_CR16","unstructured":"M. Kameyama. Information Extraction across Linguistic Boundaries. In AAAI Spring Symposium on Cross-Language Text and Speech Processing, 1997."},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Merchant, M.E. Okurowski, and N. Chinchor. The Multi-Lingual Entity Tast (MET) Overview. In Advances in Text Processing \u2014 TIPSTER Programme Phase II, pages 445\u2013447. DARPA, Morgan Kaufman, 1996.","DOI":"10.3115\/1119018.1119075"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/ijl\/3.4.235","volume":"3","author":"G. A. Miller","year":"1990","unstructured":"G. A. Miller (Ed.). WordNet: An on-line lexical database. International Journal of Lexicography, 3(4):235\u2013312, 1990.","journal-title":"International Journal of Lexicography"},{"key":"3_CR19","unstructured":"SPARKLE: Shallow parsing and knowledge extraction for language engineering. http:\/\/www2.echo.lu\/langeng\/en\/lei\/sparkle\/sparkle.html. Site visited 10\/06\/97."},{"key":"3_CR20","unstructured":"TREE: Trans European Employment. http:\/\/www2.echo.lu\/langeng\/en\/lel\/tree\/tree.html. Site visited 29\/05\/97."},{"key":"3_CR21","unstructured":"Y. Wilks and M. Stevenson. Sense tagging: Semantic tagging with a lexicon. In Proceedings of the ANLP97 Workshop on Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics, 1997."},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Yarowsky. Word-sense disambiguation using statistical models of Roget's cate-gories trained on large corpora. In COLING-92, 1992.","DOI":"10.3115\/992133.992140"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Information Extraction A Multidisciplinary Approach to an Emerging Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/3-540-63438-X_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T13:22:54Z","timestamp":1561382574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/3-540-63438-X_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"ISBN":["9783540634386","9783540695486"],"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-63438-x_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997]]}}}