{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:45:34Z","timestamp":1768315534531,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783642157561","type":"print"},{"value":"9783642157578","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2010_69","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,23]],"date-time":"2010-08-23T05:27:03Z","timestamp":1282541223000},"page":"285-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nonpharmacotherapeutic Somatic Treatments for Bipolar Disorder (ECT, DBS, rTMS)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Colleen","family":"Loo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"69_CR1","first-page":"115","volume":"4","author":"RC Alexander","year":"1988","unstructured":"Alexander RC, Salomon M, Ionescu-Pioggia M et al (1988) Convulsive therapy in the treatment of mania: McLean Hospital 1973\u20131986. Convuls Ther 4:115\u2013125","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altshuler L, Post R, Leverich et al (1995) Antidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited. Am J Psychiatry 152:1130\u20131138","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.8.1130"},{"key":"69_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.313","volume":"163","author":"L Altshuler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Altshuler L, Suppes T, Black D et al (2006) Lower switch rate in depressed patients with bipolar II than bipolar I disorder treated adjunctively with second-generation antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry 163:313\u2013315","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR4","volume-title":"The practice of ECT: recommendations for treatment, training and privileging","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2001","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2001) The practice of ECT: recommendations for treatment, training and privileging. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC"},{"key":"69_CR5","first-page":"81","volume":"4","author":"C Andrade","year":"1988","unstructured":"Andrade C, Gangadhar B, Swaminath G et al (1988a) Mania as a side effect of electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 4:81\u201383","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR6","first-page":"169","volume":"4","author":"C Andrade","year":"1988","unstructured":"Andrade C, Gangadhar B, Swaminath G et al (1988b) Predicting the outcome of endogenous depression following electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 4:169\u2013174","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR7","first-page":"318","volume":"6","author":"C Andrade","year":"1990","unstructured":"Andrade C, Gangadhar B, Channabasavanna S (1990) Further characterization of mania as a side effect of ECT. Convuls Ther 6:318\u2013319","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR8","first-page":"179","volume":"8","author":"J Angst","year":"1992","unstructured":"Angst J, Angst K, Barrufol I et al (1992) ECT-induced and drug-induced hypomania. Convuls Ther 8:179\u2013185","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arul-Anandam A, Loo CK (2009) Transcranial direct current stimulation: a new tool for the treatment of depression? J Affect Disord. doi: 10.1016\/j.jad.2009.01.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.01.016"},{"key":"69_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.1979.136.4b.559","volume":"136","author":"D Avery","year":"1979","unstructured":"Avery D, Lubrano A (1979) Depression treated with imipramine and ECT: the DeCarolis study reconsidered. Am J Psychiatry 136:559\u2013562","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR11","first-page":"507","volume":"12","author":"D Avery","year":"1977","unstructured":"Avery D, Winokur G (1977) The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in depression. Biol Psychiatry 12:507\u2013523","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181624b5d","volume":"24","author":"M Barekatain","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barekatain M, Jahangard L, Haghighi M et al (2008) Bifrontal versus bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in severe manic patients. J ECT 24:199\u2013202","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"69_CR13","first-page":"231","volume":"2","author":"D Black","year":"1986","unstructured":"Black D, Winokur G, Nasrallah A (1986) ECT in unipolar and bipolar disorder: a naturalistic evaluation of 460 patients. Convuls Ther 2:231\u2013237","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(87)90082-4","volume":"28","author":"DW Black","year":"1987","unstructured":"Black DW, Winokur G, Nasrallah A (1987) The treatment of depression: electroconvulsive therapy v antidepressants: a naturalistic evaluation of 1, 495 patients. Compr Psychiatry 28:169\u2013182","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1965.tb06172.x","volume":"41","author":"O Bratfos","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bratfos O, Haug JO (1965) Electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressant drugs in manic-depressive disease. Treatment results at discharge and 3 months later. Acta Psychiatr Scand 41:588\u2013596","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"69_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1398","volume":"48","author":"R Chen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chen R, Classen J, Gerloff C et al (1997) Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 48:1398\u20131403","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"69_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2006.10.017","volume":"15","author":"DY Cho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cho DY, Lee WY, Chen CC (2008) Limbic leukotomy for intractable major affective disorders: a 7-year follow-up study using nine comprehensive psychiatric test evaluations. J Clin Neurosci 15:138\u2013142","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"69_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n07a09","volume":"62","author":"A Ciapparelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ciapparelli A, Dell\u2019Osso L, Tundo A et al (2001) Electroconvulsive therapy in medication-nonresponsive patients with mixed mania and bipolar depression. J Clin Psychiatry 62:552\u2013555","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2001.030208.x","volume":"3","author":"J Daly","year":"2001","unstructured":"Daly J, Prudic J, Devanand D et al (2001) ECT in bipolar and unipolar depression: differences in speed of response. Bipolar Disord 3:95\u2013104","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR20","unstructured":"Dell'Osso B, Altamura AC (2008) Augmentative transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with brain navigation in drug-resistant rapid cycling bipolar depression: a case report of acute and maintenance efficacy. World J Biol Psychiatry 10(4):673\u2013676"},{"key":"69_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00651.x","volume":"11","author":"B Dell'Osso","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dell'Osso B, Mundo E, D'Urso N et al (2009) Augmentative repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in drug-resistant bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord 11:76\u201381","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200003000-00004","volume":"16","author":"D Devanand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Devanand D, Polanco P, Cruz R et al (2000) The efficacy of ECT in mixed affective states. J ECT 16:32\u201337","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"69_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.4.s1.41.x","volume":"4","author":"OT Dolberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dolberg OT, Dannon PN, Schreiber S et al (2002) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with bipolar depression: a double blind, controlled study. Bipolar Disord 4(Suppl 1):94\u201395","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yct.0000174383.96517.77","volume":"21","author":"TJ Dolenc","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dolenc TJ, Rasmussen KG (2005) The safety of electroconvulsive therapy and lithium in combination: a case series and review of the literature. J ECT 21:165\u2013170","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"69_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90006-6","volume":"23","author":"RS el-Mallakh","year":"1988","unstructured":"el-Mallakh RS (1988) Complications of concurrent lithium and electroconvulsive therapy: a review of clinical material and theoretical considerations. Biol Psychiatry 23:595\u2013601","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2002.009803","volume":"75","author":"A Funkiewiez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Funkiewiez A, Ardouin C, Caputo E et al (2004) Long term effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on cognitive function, mood and behaviour in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:834\u2013839","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00067.x","volume":"5","author":"J Goldberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldberg J, Truman C (2003) Antidepressant-induced mania: an overview of current controversies. Bipolar Disord 5:407\u2013420","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"69_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.55","volume":"15","author":"BD Greenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greenberg BD, Gabriels LA, Malone DA et al (2010a) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral internal capsule\/ventral striatum for obsessive-compulsive disorder: worldwide experience. Mol Psychiatry 15(1):64\u201379","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"69_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.128","volume":"35","author":"BD Greenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greenberg BD, Rauch SL, Haber SN (2010b) Invasive circuitry-based neurotherapeutics: stereotactic ablation and deep brain stimulation for OCD. Neuropsychopharmacology 35(1):317\u2013336","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"69_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.120.10.935","volume":"120","author":"M Greenblatt","year":"1964","unstructured":"Greenblatt M, Grosser GH, Wechsler H (1964) Differential response of hospitalized depressed patients to somatic therapy. Am J Psychiatry 120:935\u2013943","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.11.1608","volume":"155","author":"N Grisaru","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grisaru N, Chudakov B, Yaroslavsky Y et al (1998) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in mania: a controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 155:1608\u20131610","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200006000-00010","volume":"16","author":"N Gruber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gruber N, Dilsaver S, Shoaib A et al (2000) ECT in mixed affective states: a case series. J ECT 16:183\u2013188","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"69_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.4.s1.40.x","volume":"4","author":"L Grunhaus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grunhaus L, Schreiber S, Dolberg O et al (2002) Response to ECT in major depression: are there differences between unipolar and bipolar depression? Bipolar Disord 4(Suppl 1):91\u201393","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0406","volume":"62","author":"C Henry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Henry C, Sorbara F, Lacoste J et al (2001) Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry 62:249\u2013255","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00608.x","volume":"10","author":"RM Hiremani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hiremani RM, Thirthalli J, Tharayil BS et al (2008) Double-blind randomized controlled study comparing short-term efficacy of bifrontal and bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in acute mania. Bipolar Disord 10:701\u2013707","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"69_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"159","author":"R Hirschfeld","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hirschfeld R, Bowden C, Gitlin M et al (2002) Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorders (revision). Am J Psychiatry 159(Suppl 4):1\u201350","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02043-2","volume":"355","author":"RE Hoffman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoffman RE, Boutros NN, Hu S et al (2000) Transcranial magnetic stimulation and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Lancet 355:1073\u20131075","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"69_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700055720","volume":"12","author":"S Homan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Homan S, Lachenbruch PA, Winokur G et al (1982) An efficacy study of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in the treatment of primary depression. Psychol Med 12:615\u2013624","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"69_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.2.241","volume":"168","author":"A Jha","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jha A, Stein G, Fenwick P (1996) Negative interaction between lithium and electroconvulsive therapy\u2013 a case-control study. Br J Psychiatry 168:241\u2013243","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00003.x","volume":"5","author":"A Kaptsan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaptsan A, Yaroslavsky Y, Applebaum J et al (2003) Right prefrontal TMS versus sham treatment of mania: a controlled study. Bipolar Disord 5:36\u201339","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1959.02340150116015","volume":"81","author":"DG Langsley","year":"1959","unstructured":"Langsley DG, Enterline JD, Hickerson GX (1959) A comparison of chlorpromazine and ECT in treatment of acute schizophrenic and manic patients. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 81:384\u2013391","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR42","first-page":"366","volume":"47","author":"DA Lewis","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lewis DA, Nasrallah HA (1986) Mania associated with electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 47:366\u2013367","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290030041007","volume":"39","author":"JL Lewis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lewis JL, Winokur G (1982) The induction of mania. A natural history study with controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:303\u2013306","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.01.017","volume":"55","author":"X Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li X, Nahas Z, Kozel FA et al (2004) Acute left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients is associated with immediately increased activity in prefrontal cortical as well as subcortical regions. Biol Psychiatry 55:882\u2013890","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.08.001","volume":"88","author":"C Loo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loo C, Mitchell P (2005) A review of the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment for depression, and current and future strategies to optimize efficacy. J Affect Disord 88:255\u2013267","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"69_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703007955","volume":"33","author":"C Loo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Loo C, Sachdev P, Haindl W et al (2003) 15 Hz and 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation have different acute effects on regional cerebral blood flow in depressed patients. Psychol Med 33:997\u20131006","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"69_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01862.x","volume":"40","author":"C Loo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Loo C, Schweitzer I, Pratt C (2006) Recent advances in optimising electroconvulsive therapy. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 40:632\u20138","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loo CK, McFarquhar T, Mitchell P (2008a) A review of the safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a clinical treatment for depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11:131\u2013147","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707007717"},{"key":"69_CR49","first-page":"883","volume":"11","author":"C Loo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loo C, Sainsbury K, Sheehan P et al (2008b) A comparison of RUL ultra-brief pulse (0.3ms) ECT and standard RUL ECT. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11:883\u2013890","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"69_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708514","volume":"359","author":"L Mallet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mallet L, Polosan M, Jaafri N et al (2008) Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med 359:2124\u20132134","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"69_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.08.029","volume":"65","author":"DA Malone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malone DA, Dougherty DD, Rezai AR et al (2009) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule\/ventral striatum for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 65:267\u2013275","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0203","volume":"69","author":"LB Marangell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marangell LB, Suppes T, Zboyan HA et al (2008) A 1-year pilot study of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 69:183\u2013189","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.133.6.688","volume":"133","author":"MS McCabe","year":"1976","unstructured":"McCabe MS et al (1976) ECT in the treatment of mania: a controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 133:688\u2013691","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medda P, Perugi G, Zanello S et al (2009) Response to ECT in bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar depression. J Affect Disord 118(1\u20133):55\u201359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.01.014"},{"key":"69_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medda P, Perugi G, Zanello S et al (2010) Comparative response to electroconvulsive therapy in medication-resistant bipolar I patients with depression and mixed state. J ECT 26(2):82\u201386","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181b00f1e"},{"key":"69_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00308-7","volume":"78","author":"N Michael","year":"2004","unstructured":"Michael N, Erfurth A (2004) Treatment of bipolar mania with right prefrontal rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Affect Disord 78:253\u2013257","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"69_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1113","volume":"42","author":"E Miyawaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miyawaki E, Perlmutter JS, Troster AL et al (2000) The behavioral complications of pallidal stimulation: a case report. Brain Cogn 42:417\u2013434","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"69_CR58","first-page":"274","volume":"9","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mukherjee S (1993) Combined ECT and lithium therapy. Convuls Ther 9:274\u2013284","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR59","first-page":"74","volume":"4","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mukherjee S, Sackeim HA, Lee C (1988) Unilateral ECT in the treatment of manic episodes. Convuls Ther 4:74\u201380","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.2.169","volume":"151","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mukherjee S, Sackeim H, Schnur D (1994) Electroconvulsive therapy of acute manic episodes: a review of 50 years\u2019 experience. Am J Psychiatry 151:169\u2013176","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00011.x","volume":"5","author":"Z Nahas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nahas Z, Kozel FA, Li X et al (2003) Left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment of depression in bipolar affective disorder: a pilot study of acute safety and efficacy. Bipolar Disord 5:40\u201347","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.04.036","volume":"64","author":"AA Nierenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nierenberg AA, Alpert JE, Gardner-Schuster EE et al (2008) Vagus nerve stimulation: 2 year outcomes for bipolar versus unipolar treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 64:455\u2013460","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.01.018","volume":"62","author":"JP O'Reardon","year":"2007","unstructured":"O'Reardon JP, Solvason HB, Janicak PG et al (2007) Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 62:1208\u20131216","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"69_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.847","volume":"117","author":"A Pascual-Leone","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Sole J, Wassermann EM et al (1994) Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 117(Pt 4):847\u2013858","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"69_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1966.tb11018.x","volume":"194","author":"C Perris","year":"1966","unstructured":"Perris C, d'Elia G (1966) A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses. IX. therapy and prognosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 194:153\u2013171","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"69_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.020","volume":"117","author":"SK Praharaj","year":"2009","unstructured":"Praharaj SK, Ram D, Arora M (2009) Efficacy of high frequency (rapid) suprathreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of right prefrontal cortex in bipolar mania: a randomized sham controlled study. J Affect Disord 117:146\u2013150","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"69_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.05.019","volume":"128","author":"G Saba","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saba G, Rocamora JF, Kalalou K et al (2004) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an add-on therapy in the treatment of mania: a case series of eight patients. Psychiatry Res 128:199\u2013202","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"69_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510160016003","volume":"39","author":"H Sackeim","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sackeim H, Weiman A, Gur R et al (1982) Functional brain asymmetry in the expression of positive and negative emotions. Arch Neurol 39:210\u2013218","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"69_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.03.001","volume":"1","author":"HA Sackeim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sackeim HA, Prudic J, Nobler MS et al (2008) Effects of pulse width and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Stimul 1:71\u201383","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"69_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970510029948","volume":"6","author":"A Sartorius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sartorius A, Wolf J, Henn FA (2005) Lithium and ECT\u2013concurrent use still demands attention: three case reports. World J Biol Psychiatry 6:121\u2013124","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003462","volume":"39","author":"D Schutter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schutter D (2009) Antidepressant efficacy of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in double-blind sham-controlled designs: a meta analysis. Psychol Med 39:65\u201375","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"69_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3180330059","volume":"23","author":"P Sienaert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sienaert P, Peuskens J (2007) Anticonvulsants during electroconvulsive therapy: review and recommendations. J ECT 23:120\u2013123","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"69_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(06)70399-6","volume":"16","author":"P Sienaert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sienaert P, Demunter H, Vansteelandt K et al (2006) Effect of lamotrigine on concurrent electroconvulsive therapy. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 16(suppl 4):S348","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"69_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00702.x","volume":"11","author":"P Sienaert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sienaert P, Vansteelandt K, Demyttenaere K et al (2009) Ultra-brief pulse ECT in bipolar and unipolar depressive disorder: differences in speed of response. Bipolar Disord 11:418\u2013424","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"69_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.6.806","volume":"164","author":"S Sikdar","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sikdar S, Kulhara P, Avasthi A et al (1994) Combined chlorpromazine and electroconvulsive therapy in mania. Br J Psychiatry 164:806\u2013810","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR76","first-page":"103","volume":"15","author":"J Small","year":"1980","unstructured":"Small J, Kellams J, Milstein V et al (1980) Complications with electroconvulsive treatment combined with lithium. Biol Psychiatry 15:103","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800320037004","volume":"45","author":"J Small","year":"1988","unstructured":"Small J, Klapper M, Kellams J et al (1988) Electroconvulsive treatment compared with lithium in the management of manic states. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:727\u2013732","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.3.322","volume":"169","author":"C Sobin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sobin C, Prudic J, Devanand D et al (1996) Who responds to electroconvulsive therapy? A comparison of effective and ineffective forms of treatment. Br J Psychiatry 169:322\u2013328","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.10.006","volume":"115","author":"A Speer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Speer A, Benson B, Kimbrell T et al (2009) Opposite effects of high and low frequency rTMS on mood in depressed patients: relationship to baseline cerebral activity on PET. J Affect Disord 115:386\u2013394","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"69_CR80","first-page":"306","volume":"4","author":"LS Stromgren","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stromgren LS (1988) Electroconvulsive therapy in Aarhus, Denmark, in 1984: its application in nondepressive disorders. Convuls Ther 4:306\u2013313","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.19.2.198","volume":"19","author":"RL Tamas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tamas RL, Menkes D, El-Mallakh RS (2007) Stimulating research: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study of slow transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed bipolar patients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:198\u2013199","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"69_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12705-5","volume":"361","author":"The UK ECT Review Group","year":"2003","unstructured":"The UK ECT Review Group (2003) Efficacy and safety of electro convulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361:799\u2013808","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"69_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(82)90038-6","volume":"4","author":"J Thomas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thomas J, Reddy B (1982) The treatment of mania. A retrospective evaluation of the effects of ECT, chlorpromazine, and lithium. J Affect Disord 4:85\u201392","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"suppl 11","key":"69_CR84","first-page":"212","volume":"29","author":"A Tundo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tundo A, Decina P, Toro L et al (1991) Mixed depressive syndrome and response to ECT. Biol Psychiatry 29(suppl 11):212","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200303000-00003","volume":"19","author":"N Vaidya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vaidya N, Mahableshwarkar A, Shahid R (2003) Continuation and maintenance ETC in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. J ECT 19:10\u201316","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"69_CR86","first-page":"195","volume":"10","author":"J Vanelle","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vanelle J, Loo H, Galinowski A et al (1994) Maintenance ECT in intractable manic-depressive disorders. Convuls Ther 10:195\u2013205","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"69_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707007699","volume":"11","author":"G Xia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xia G, Gajwani P, Muzina DJ et al (2008) Treatment-emergent mania in unipolar and bipolar depression: focus on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11:119\u2013130","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"69_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970802626572","volume":"10","author":"M Zavorotnyy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zavorotnyy M, Diemer J, Patzelt J et al (2009) Occurrence of ultra-rapid cycling during electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 10(4):987\u2013990","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"69_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199312000-00005","volume":"13","author":"GL Zornberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zornberg GL, Pope HG Jr (1993) Treatment of depression in bipolar disorder: new directions for research. J Clin Psychopharmacol 13:397\u2013408","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences","Behavioral Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder and its Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/7854_2010_69","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T16:54:02Z","timestamp":1591808042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/7854_2010_69"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"ISBN":["9783642157561","9783642157578"],"references-count":89,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2010_69","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-3370","1866-3389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-3389","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2010","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}