{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:16:12Z","timestamp":1790273772528,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031267222","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031267239","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2022_408","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1674655368000},"page":"309-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sex Differences in Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Eef","family":"Hogervorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmadi-Abhari S, Guzman-Castillo M, Bandosz P, Shipley MJ, Muniz-Terrera G, Singh-Manoux A, Kivim\u00e4ki M, Steptoe A, Capewell S, O\u2019flaherty M, Brunner EJ (2017) Temporal trend in dementia incidence since 2002 and projections for prevalence in England and Wales to 2040: modelling study. Br Med J (Online) 358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j2856. Accessed 12 Dec 2021","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2856"},{"key":"408_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alabas OA, Gale CP, Hall M, Rutherford MJ, Szummer K, Lawesson SS, Alfredsson J, Lindahl B, Jernberg T (2017) Sex differences in treatments, relative survival, and excess mortality following acute myocardial infarction: national cohort study using the SWEDEHEART registry. J Am Heart Assoc 6(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.007123","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007123"},{"key":"408_CR3","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International (2017). https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/u\/numbers-people-with-dementia-2017.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2022"},{"key":"408_CR4","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International (2018) World Alzheimer report 2018. https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/u\/WorldAlzheimerReport2018.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2022"},{"key":"408_CR5","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). APA, Arlington"},{"issue":"4","key":"408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.540781","volume":"40","author":"P Appelros","year":"2009","unstructured":"Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Terent A (2009) Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review. Stroke 40(4):1082\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.540781","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2","volume":"10","author":"DE Barnes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barnes DE, Yaffe K (2011) The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevalence. Lancet Neurol 10(9):819\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"408_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07427.x","volume":"47","author":"E Barrett-Connor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D (1999) Cognitive function and endogenous sex hormones in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 47(11):1289\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07427.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw031","volume":"56","author":"A Bauman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bauman A, Merom D, Bull FC, Buchner DM, Fiatarone Singh MA (2016) Updating the evidence for physical activity: summative reviews of the epidemiological evidence, prevalence, and interventions to promote \u201cactive aging\u201d. Gerontologist 56:268\u2013S280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnw031","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.016","volume":"11","author":"M Baumgart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baumgart M, Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, Fazio S, Kim H, Johns H (2015) Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: a population-based perspective. Alzheimers Dement 11(6):718\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"10138","key":"408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30843-2","volume":"391","author":"PH Bennett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bennett PH (2018) Diabetes mortality in the USA: winning the battle but not the war? Lancet 391(10138):2392\u20132393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30843-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"408_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-021-00983-5","volume":"13","author":"LR Binnie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Binnie LR et al (2022) Test\u2013retest reliability of arterial spin labelling for cerebral blood fow in older adults with small vessel disease. Transl Stroke Res 13:583\u2013594. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12975-021-00983-5.pdf","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1347.005","volume":"1052","author":"R Brinton-Diaz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brinton-Diaz R (2005) Investigative models for determining hormone therapy-induced outcomes in brain: evidence in support of a healthy cell bias of estrogen action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1052:57\u201374","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"408_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091974","volume":"49","author":"JY Chau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chau JY, Grunseit A, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Holmen TL, Bauman AE, Van Der Ploeg HP (2015) Sedentary behaviour and risk of mortality from all-causes and cardiometabolic diseases in adults: evidence from the HUNT3 population cohort. Br J Sports Med 49(11):737\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091974","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510280051032","volume":"271","author":"TB Clarkson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clarkson TB, Prichard RW, Morgan TM, Petrick GS, Klein KP (1994) Remodeling of coronary arteries in human and nonhuman primates. JAMA 271(4):289\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1994.03510280051032","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"408_CR16","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Handbook of cognitive aging: causes, processes and effects","author":"A Clifford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clifford A, Bandelow S, Hogervorst E (2011) The effects of physical exercise on cognitive function in the elderly: a review. In: Handbook of cognitive aging: causes, processes and effects, pp 109\u2013150. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/229058774_The_Effects_of_Physical_Exercise_on_Cognitive_Function_in_the_Elderly_A_Review"},{"key":"408_CR501","volume-title":"Frontiers in clinical drug research \u2013 Alzheimer disorders","author":"A Clifford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clifford A, Stock J, Bandelow S, Rahardjo TB, Hogervorst E (2013) Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and dementia: a midlife approach to treatment is needed. In: Frontiers in clinical drug research \u2013 Alzheimer disorders, vol 1. Nova Sciences, Hauppauge, NY"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.009","volume":"10","author":"TC Durazzo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Durazzo TC, Mattsson N, Weiner MW (2014) Smoking and increased Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms. Alzheimers Dement 10(3):S122\u2013S145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.009","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"408_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.6.808","volume":"57","author":"MF Elias","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elias MF, Beiser A, Wolf PA, Au R, White RF, D\u2019Agostino RB (2000) The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22-year prospective study of the Framingham cohort. Arch Neurol 57(6):808\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.57.6.808","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"408_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.01.005","volume":"4","author":"KI Erickson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erickson KI, Hillman CH, Kramer AF (2015) Physical activity, brain, and cognition. Curr Opin Behav Sci 4:27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.01.005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"408_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095551","volume":"51","author":"RS Falck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falck RS, Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T (2017) What is the association between sedentary behaviour and cognitive function? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 51(10):800\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095551","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213001385","volume":"26","author":"N Farina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farina N, Rusted J, Tabet N (2014) The effect of exercise interventions on cognitive outcome in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 26(1):9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610213001385","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000441106","volume":"45","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Mensah GA, Norrving B, Murray CJL, Roth GA, Bahit MC, Thrift AG, Meretoja A, Stavreski B, Anderson CS, Pearse E, Donnan G, Hankey GJ, Mackay MT, Davis S, Ademi Z, Brainin M, Guliyev T, Hamadeh RR et al (2015) Atlas of the global burden of stroke (1990\u20132013): the GBD 2013 study. Neuroepidemiology 45(3):230\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000441106","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"408_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Forbes D, Forbes SC, Blake CM, Thiessen EJ, Forbes S (2015) Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006489.PUB4\/MEDIA\/CDSR\/CD006489\/IMAGE_N\/NCD006489-CMP-003-01.PNG","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006489.PUB4\/MEDIA\/CDSR\/CD006489\/IMAGE_N\/NCD006489-CMP-003-01.PNG"},{"issue":"6","key":"408_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03331.x","volume":"49","author":"PM Galdas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Galdas PM, Cheater F, Marshall P (2005) Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. J Adv Nurs 49(6):616\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03331.x","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"12","key":"408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.12.1158","volume":"98","author":"M Gerhard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gerhard M, Walsh BW, Tawakol A, Haley EA, Creager SJ, Seely EW, Ganz P, Creager MA (1998) Estradiol therapy combined with progesterone and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Circulation 98(12):1158\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.98.12.1158","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199706193362501","volume":"336","author":"F Grodstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, Rosner B, Fuchs C, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE (1997) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 336(25):1769\u20131776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm199706193362501","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"408_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guure CB, Ibrahim NA, Adam MB, Said SM (2017) Impact of physical activity on cognitive decline, dementia, and its subtypes: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Biomed Res Int 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/9016924","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9016924"},{"issue":"6","key":"408_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.01.008","volume":"25","author":"GE Hale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hale GE, Shufelt CL (2015) Hormone therapy in menopause: an update on cardiovascular disease considerations. Trends Cardiovasc Med 25(6):540\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.01.008","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"408_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0353","volume":"161","author":"SM Harman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harman SM, Black DM, Naftolin F, Brinton EA, Budoff MJ, Cedars MI, Hopkins PN, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Merriam GR, Miller VM, Neal-Perry G, Santoro N, Taylor HS, Vittinghoff E, Yan M, Hodis HN (2014) Arterial imaging outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in recently menopausal women: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 161(4):249\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-0353","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"408_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1505241","volume":"374","author":"HN Hodis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW, Shoupe D, Budoff MJ, Hwang-Levine J, Li Y, Feng M, Dustin L, Kono N, Stanczyk FZ, Selzer RH, Azen SP (2016) Vascular effects of early versus late postmenopausal treatment with estradiol. N Engl J Med 374(13):1221\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1505241","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"408_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150817","volume":"50","author":"K Hoffmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoffmann K, Sobol NA, Frederiksen KS, Beyer N, Vogel A, Vestergaard K, Br\u00e6ndgaard H, Gottrup H, Lolk A, Wermuth L, Jacobsen S, Laugesen LP, Gergelyffy RG, Hogh P, Bjerregaard E, Andersen BB, Siersma V, Johannsen P, Cotman CW et al (2016) Moderate-to-high intensity physical exercise in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis 50(2):443\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-150817","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"408_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000e117","volume":"02","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hogervorst E (2012a) Exercise to prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: for whom, when, what, and (most importantly) how much? J Alzheimers Dis Parkinson 02(03):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-0460.1000e117","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Parkinson"},{"issue":"5","key":"408_CR35","first-page":"353","volume":"103","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hogervorst E (2012b) Prevention of dementia with sex hormones: a focus on testosterone and cognition in women. Minerva Med 103(5):353\u2013359. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/232066275_Prevention_of_dementia_with_sex_hormones_A_focus_on_testosterone_and_cognition_in_women","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1754045312473873","volume":"19","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hogervorst E (2013) Estrogen and the brain: does estrogen treatment improve cognitive function? Menopause Int 19(1):6\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1754045312473873","journal-title":"Menopause Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"408_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140909","volume":"42","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hogervorst E (2014) Oophorectomy and hysterectomy may increase dementia risk but only when performed prematurely. J Alzheimers Dis 42(2):583\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-140909","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"408_CR1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogervorst E (2017) Healthy lifestyles to prevent dementia and reduce dementia symptoms. In Special issue Working with Older people: Psychologies of ageing; 21(1):31\u201339. accessed via https:\/\/repository.lboro.ac.uk\/articles\/journal_contribution\/Healthy_lifestyles_to_prevent_dementia_and_reduce_dementia_symptoms\/9617243","DOI":"10.1108\/WWOP-12-2016-0036"},{"key":"408_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000e128","volume":"3","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Clifford A (2013) What is the relationship between higher obtained education and a delayed age at onset of dementia? J Alzheimers Dis Parkinson 3:e128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-0460.1000e128","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Parkinson"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00410-3","volume":"101","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Williams J, Budge M, Riedel W, Jolles J (2000) The nature of the effect of female gonadal hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function in post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis. Neuroscience 101(3):485\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00410-3","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000048628","volume":"13","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Combrinck M, Lapuerta P, Rue J, Swales K, Budge M (2002) The Hopkins verbal learning test and screening for dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 13(1):13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000048628","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000071006","volume":"16","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Bandelow S, Combrinck M, Irani S, Smith AD (2003) The validity and reliability of 6 sets of clinical criteria to classify Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia in cases confirmed post-mortem: added value of a decision tree approach. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 16(3):170\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000071006","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR42","first-page":"CD003799","volume":"21","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Yaffe K, Richards M, Huppert FA (2009) HRT to maintain cognitive function in women with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 21(1):CD003799","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"408_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2217\/ahe.12.56","volume":"8","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Rahardjo T, Jolles J, Brayne C, Henderson V (2012) Gender differences in verbal learning in older participants. Aging Health 8:493\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/ahe.12.56","journal-title":"Aging Health"},{"key":"408_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351122719-4","volume-title":"New developments in dementia prevention research","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Oliveira D, Brayne C (2019) Lifestyle factors and dementia. In: New developments in dementia prevention research, pp 29\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781351122719-4"},{"issue":"16","key":"408_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8235","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168235","volume":"18","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Schr\u00f6der-Butterfill E, Handajani YS, Kreager P, Rahardjo TBW (2021) Dementia and dependency vs. proxy indicators of the active ageing index in Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(16):8235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18168235","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"May","key":"408_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2021.10.009","volume":"81","author":"E Hogervorst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Craig J, O\u2019Donnell E (2022) Cognition and mental health in menopause: a review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 81(May):69\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2021.10.009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"408_CR47","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases \u2013 version 10 \u2013 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) (2022) Unspecified dementia definition. https:\/\/www.icd10data.com\/ICD10CM\/Codes\/F01-F99\/F01-F09\/F03. Accessed 29 Feb 2022"},{"key":"408_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.09.003","volume":"40","author":"EGA Karssemeijer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karssemeijer EGA, Aaronson JA, Bossers WJ, Smits T, Olde Rikkert MGM, Kessels RPC (2017) Positive effects of combined cognitive and physical exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 40:75\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2017.09.003","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"408_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2018.159","volume":"26","author":"MY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim MY, Kim K, Hong CH, Lee SY, Jung YS (2018) Sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. Biomol Ther 26(6):521\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4062\/biomolther.2018.159","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12174","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12174","volume":"7","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Soto M, Branigan GL, Rodgers K, Brinton RD (2021) Association between menopausal hormone therapy and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: implications for precision hormone therapy. Alzheimer Demen (New York, N Y) 7(1):e12174","journal-title":"Alzheimer Demen (New York, N Y)"},{"issue":"10","key":"408_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1556","volume":"62","author":"M Kivipelto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, K\u00e5reholt I, Winblad B, Helkala EL, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Nissinen A (2005) Obesity and vascular risk factors at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 62(10):1556\u20131560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1556","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"19","key":"408_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1673","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005486","volume":"90","author":"D Kuh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuh D et al (2018) Age at menopause and lifetime cognition. Findings from a British birth cohort study. Neurology 90(19):e1673\u2013e1681","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"408_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lafortune L, Martin S, Kelly S, Kuhn I, Remes O, Cowan A, Brayne C (2016) Behavioural risk factors in mid-life associated with successful ageing, disability, dementia and frailty in later life: a rapid systematic review. PLoS One 11(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144405"},{"key":"408_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1675","volume":"361","author":"SE Lamb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamb SE, Sheehan B, Atherton N, Nichols V, Collins H, Mistry D, Dosanjh S, Slowther AM, Khan I, Petrou S, Lall R, Alleyne S, Hennings S, Griffiths F, Bridgewater S, Eyre E, Finnegan S, Hall L, Hall P et al (2018) Dementia and physical activity (DAPA) trial of moderate to high intensity exercise training for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. Br Med J(Online) 361:1675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k1675","journal-title":"Br Med J(Online)"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.52.1.78","volume":"52","author":"LJ Launer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Launer LJ, Andersen K, Dewey ME, Letenneur L, Ott A, Amaducci LA, Brayne C, Copeland JRM, Dartigues JF, Kragh-Sorensen P, Lobo A, Martinez-Lage JM, Stijnen T, Hofman A (1999) Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: results from EURODEM pooled analyses. Neurology 52(1):78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.52.1.78","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"408_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.11.1489","volume":"285","author":"ES Leblanc","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leblanc ES, Janowsky J, Chan BKS, Nelson HD (2001) Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 285(11):1489\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.285.11.1489","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003122","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003122.pub2","volume":"2008","author":"A Lethaby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lethaby A, Hogervorst E, Richards M, Yesufu A, Yaffe K (2008) Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008(1):CD003122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003122.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"408_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00005","volume":"121","author":"EH Lieberman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lieberman EH, Gerhard MD, Uehata A, Walsh BW, Selwyn AP, Ganz P, Yeung AC, Creager MA (1994) Estrogen improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 121(12):936\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10248","key":"408_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","volume":"396","author":"G Livingston","year":"2020","unstructured":"Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Brayne C, Burns A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Cooper C, Costafreda SG, Dias A, Fox N, Gitlin LN, Howard R, Kales HC, Kivim\u00e4ki M, Larson EB, Ogunniyi A, Orgeta V, Ritchie K, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Samus Q, Schneider LS, Selb\u00e6k G, Teri L, Mukadam N (2020) Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet 396(10248):413\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000102141","volume":"28","author":"U L\u00f6fmark","year":"2007","unstructured":"L\u00f6fmark U, Hammarstr\u00f6m A (2007) Evidence for age-dependent education-related differences in men and women with first-ever stroke. Neuroepidemiology 28(3):135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000102141","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"408_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maleki A, Haghjoo M, Ghaderi M (2016) The impact of gender differences on healthy lifestyle and its subscales among patients with coronary artery disease. Res Cardiovasc Med 5(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/cardiovascmed.32995","DOI":"10.5812\/cardiovascmed.32995"},{"key":"408_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008678","volume":"143","author":"KA Matthews","year":"1996","unstructured":"Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Wing RR et al (1996) Prior to use of estrogen replacement therapy, are users healthier than nonusers? Am J Epidemiol 143:971\u2013978","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1055","volume":"34","author":"F Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mauvais-Jarvis F, Clegg DJ, Hevener AL (2013) The role of estrogens in control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Endocr Rev 34(3):309\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2012-1055","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"408_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1423031","volume":"23","author":"O McDermott","year":"2019","unstructured":"McDermott O, Charlesworth G, Hogervorst E, Stoner C, Moniz-Cook E, Spector A, Csipke E, Orrell M (2019) Psychosocial interventions for people with dementia: a synthesis of systematic reviews. Ageing Ment Health 23(4):393\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2017.1423031","journal-title":"Ageing Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","volume":"89","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Halliday G, Taylor JP, Weintraub D, Aarsland D, Galvin J, Attems J, Ballard CG, Bayston A, Beach TG, Blanc F, Bohnen N, Bonanni L, Bras J, Brundin P, Burn D, Chen-Plotkin A, Kosaka K (2017) Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 89(1):88\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"408_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","volume":"34","author":"G McKhann","year":"1984","unstructured":"McKhann G, Drachman DA, Folstein MF et al (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurology 34:939\u2013944","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5728","key":"408_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112062","volume":"308","author":"ME Mendelsohn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH (2005) Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences. Science 308(5728):1583\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1112062","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"408_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew014","volume":"31","author":"TS Mikkola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mikkola TS, Tuomikoski P, Lyytinen H, Korhonen P, Hoti F, Vattulainen P, Gissler M, Ylikorkala O (2016) Vaginal estradiol use and the risk for cardiovascular mortality. Hum Reprod 31(4):804\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dew014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"9","key":"408_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001326","volume":"26","author":"VM Miller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miller VM, Naftolin F, Asthana S, Black DM, Brinton EA, Budoff MJ, Cedars MI, Dowling NM, Gleason CE, Hodis NN et al (2019) The KEEPS: what have we learned? Menopause 26(9):1071\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GME.0000000000001326","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"19","key":"408_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968792","volume":"124","author":"L Mosca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mosca L, Barrett-Connor E, Kass Wenger N (2011) Sex\/gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention: what a difference a decade makes. Circulation 124(19):2145\u20132154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968792","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"408_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X","volume":"13","author":"S Norton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Brayne C (2014) Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol 13(8):788\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"408_CR73","unstructured":"Office of National statistics (2017a) A review of recent trends in mortality in England. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/birthsdeathsandmarriages\/deaths\/bulletins\/deathsregistrationsummarytabls\/2017. Accessed Apr 2022"},{"key":"408_CR74","unstructured":"Office of National Statistics (ONS) (2017b) An overview of lifestyles and wider characteristics relating to healthy life expectancy in England June 2017 report. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/healthinequalities\/articles\/healthrelatedlifestylesandwidercharacteristicsofpeoplelivinginareaswiththehighestorlowesthealthylife\/june2017"},{"key":"408_CR75","first-page":"1","volume-title":"World Alzheimer report 2018 \u2013 the state of the art of dementia research: new frontiers","author":"C Patterson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patterson C (2018) World Alzheimer report 2018 \u2013 the state of the art of dementia research: new frontiers. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International (ADI), London, pp 1\u201348. https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/resource\/world-alzheimer-report-2018\/"},{"key":"408_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12202","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12202","volume":"7","author":"R Peters","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peters R, Breitner J, James S et al (2021) Dementia risk reduction, why haven\u2019t the pharmacological risk reduction trials worked? An in-depth exploration of seven established risk factors. Alzheimers Dement 7:e12202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/trc2.12202","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"408_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M532","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.8.M532","volume":"57","author":"DB Petitti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petitti DB, Buckwalter JG, Crooks VC, Chiu V (2002) Prevalence of dementia in users of hormone replacement therapy as defined by prescription data. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57(8):M532\u2013M538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/57.8.M532","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"408_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001729","volume":"28","author":"MA Price","year":"2021","unstructured":"Price MA et al (2021) Early and surgical menopause associated with higher Framingham Risk Scores for cardiovascular disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Menopause 28(5):484\u2013490","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"2","key":"408_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/dcns.2009.11.2\/cqiu","volume":"11","author":"C Qiu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qiu C, Kivipelto M, Von Strauss E (2009) Epidemiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 11(2):111\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/dcns.2009.11.2\/cqiu","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2014.009035","volume":"68","author":"AK Rao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rao AK, Chou A, Bursley B, Smulofsky J, Jezequel J (2014) Systematic review of the effects of exercise on activities of daily living in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Occup Ther 68(1):50\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2014.009035","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"408_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000151825.36598.36","volume":"45","author":"JF Reckelhoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reckelhoff JF (2005) Sex steroids, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension: unanswered questions and some speculations. Hypertension 45(2):170\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000151825.36598.36","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"408_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2170","volume":"288","author":"SM Resnick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Resnick SM, Henderson VW (2002) Hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer disease: a critical time. JAMA 288:2170\u20132172","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"408_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","volume":"288","author":"JE Rossouw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SAA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the women\u2019s health initiative randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 288(3):321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827a08c8","volume":"121","author":"JE Rossouw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rossouw JE, Manson JE, Kaunitz AM, Anderson GL (2013) Lessons learned from the women\u2019s health initiative trials of menopausal hormone therapy. Obstet Gynecol 121(1):172\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827a08c8","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8892","key":"408_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91117-7","volume":"343","author":"MN Sack","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sack MN, Rader D, Cannon RO (1994) Oestrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Lancet 343(8892):269\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91117-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"408_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R474","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.276.2.r474","volume":"276","author":"TM Saleh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saleh TM, Connell BJ (1999) Centrally mediated effect of 17\u03b2-estradiol on parasympathetic tone in male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 276(2):R474\u2013R481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.276.2.r474","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"408_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4746","volume":"23","author":"RJ Santen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santen RJ, Stuenkel CA, Burger HG, Manson JE (2014) Competency in menopause management: whither goest the internist? J Women's Health 23(4):281\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2014.4746","journal-title":"J Women's Health"},{"key":"408_CR88","first-page":"l665","volume":"364","author":"H Savolainen-Peltonen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Savolainen-Peltonen H, Rahkola-Soisalo P, Hoti F, Vattulainen P, Gissler M, Ylikorkala O, Mikkola TS (2019) Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Finland: nationwide case-control study. Br Med J (Clinical Research ed) 364:l665","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clinical Research ed)"},{"key":"408_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, Stilgren L, Eiken P, Mosekilde L, K\u00f8ber L, Jensen JEB (2012) Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. Br Med J (Online) 345(7881). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.e6409","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6409"},{"key":"408_CR90","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Health Survey for England 2016: physical activity in adults","author":"S Scholes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scholes S (2017) Health Survey for England 2016: physical activity in adults. NHS Digital, pp 1\u2013112. http:\/\/healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk\/media\/63778\/HSE2016-Methods-text.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"408_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.01.014","volume":"14","author":"R Shah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shah R (2013) The role of nutrition and diet in Alzheimer disease: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14(6):398\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.01.014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"408_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab042","volume":"106","author":"CL Shufelt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shufelt CL, Manson JE (2021) Menopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: the role of formulation, dose, and route of delivery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(5):1245\u20131254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab042","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"24","key":"408_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2947","volume":"291","author":"SA Shumaker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L, Rapp SR, Thal L, Lane DS et al (2004) Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: women\u2019s Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 291(24):2947\u20132958","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1390731","volume":"23","author":"M Soni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soni M, Orrell M, Bandelow S, Steptoe A, Rafnsson S, D\u2019Orsi E, Xavier A, Hogervorst E (2019) Physical activity pre- and post-dementia: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Aging Ment Health 23(1):15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2017.1390731","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"408_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198510243131703","volume":"313","author":"MJ Stampfer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH (1985) A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 313(17):1044\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198510243131703","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"408_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251102","volume":"325","author":"MJ Stampfer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH (1991) Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease: ten-year follow-up from the nurses\u2019 health study. N Engl J Med 325(11):756\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199109123251102","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"408_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70191-6","volume":"11","author":"Y Stern","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stern Y (2012) Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol 11(11):1006\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70191-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"408_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.022","volume":"83","author":"Y Stern","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stern Y, Barnes CA, Grady C, Jones RN, Raz N (2019) Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, compensation, and maintenance: operationalization, validity, and mechanisms of cognitive resilience. Neurobiol Aging 83:124\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.022","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"408_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219","volume":"16","author":"Y Stern","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stern Y, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Bartr\u00e9s-Faz D, Belleville S, Cantilon M, Chetelat G, Ewers M, Franzmeier N, Kempermann G, Kremen WS, Okonkwo O, Scarmeas N, Soldan A, Udeh-Momoh C, Valenzuela M, Vemuri P, Vuoksimaa E, the Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions and Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup (2020) Whitepaper: defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. Alzheimers Dement 16(9):1305\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"20","key":"408_CR100","first-page":"S68","volume":"1","author":"J Stock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stock J, Clifford A, Hogervorst E (2012) Attitudes to ageing, perceived control and physical activity to improve cognitive functioning. J Aging Phys Act 1(20):S68\u2013S68","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"408_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Subramaniapillai S, Almey A, Rajah MN, Einstein G (2021) Sex and gender differences in cognitive and brain reserve: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in women. Front Neuroendocrinol:100879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100879"},{"key":"408_CR1002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, X., Song, Z., Wang, D., Yang, J., Augusto Cardoso, M., Zhou, J., &amp; Sim\u00f3, R. (2021). Spectrum of thyroid dysfunction and dementia: a dose\u2013response meta-analysis of 344,248 individuals from cohort studies, Endocrine Connections, 10(4):410\u2013421. Retrieved Dec 16, 2022, from https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/10\/4\/EC-21-0047.xml","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0047"},{"issue":"5","key":"408_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew027","volume":"31","author":"L Webber","year":"2016","unstructured":"The ESHRE Guideline Group on POI, Webber L, Davies M, Anderson R, Bartlett J, Braat D, Cartwright B, Cifkova R, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama S, Hogervorst E, Janse F, Liao L, Vlaisavljevic V, Zillikens C, Vermeulen N (2016) ESHRE Guideline: management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum Reprod 31(5):926\u2013937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dew027","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170014","volume":"60","author":"A Toots","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toots A, Littbrand H, Bostr\u00f6m G, Hornsten C, Holmberg H, Lillemor LO, Lindel\u00f6f N, Nordstrom P, Gustafson Y, Rosendahl E (2017) Effects of exercise on cognitive function in older people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis 60(1):323\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"42","key":"408_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw334","volume":"37","author":"N Townsend","year":"2016","unstructured":"Townsend N, Wilson L, Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe K, Rayner M, Nichols M (2016) Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update 2016. Eur Heart J 37(42):3232\u20133245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw334","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"408_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17714655","volume":"37","author":"LJ Trigiani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trigiani LJ, Hamel E (2017) An endothelial link between the benefits of physical exercise in dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37(8):2649\u20132664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X17714655","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"408_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2182","volume":"374","author":"Y Vinogradova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinogradova Y, Dening T, Hippisley-Cox J, Taylor L, Moore M, Coupland C et al (2021) Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: nested case-control studies using Q research and CPR databases. Br Med J 374:2182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n2182","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"408_CR107","unstructured":"Women\u2019s Health Concern (2015) Understanding risks of breast cancer. British Menopause Society factsheet. https:\/\/thebms.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/WHC-UnderstandingRisksofBreastCancer-MARCH2017.pdf. Accessed 16 Aug 2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"408_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ff678a","volume":"19","author":"TE Wroolie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wroolie TE, Kenna HA, Williams KE, Powers BN, Holcomb M, Khaylis A, Rasgon NL (2011) Differences in verbal memory performance in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy: 17\u03b2-estradiol versus conjugated equine estrogens. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 19(9):792\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ff678a","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences","Sex Differences in Brain Function and Dysfunction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/7854_2022_408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T11:54:44Z","timestamp":1701777284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/7854_2022_408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783031267222","9783031267239"],"references-count":108,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2022_408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-3370","1866-3389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-3389","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"EH and EoD both worked as consultants on a UKRI grant to test an instrument for a medical technology client to detect and reduce menopausal hot flushes. EH is an elected committee member as dementia expert for NICE to update Guidelines for Hormone Replacement Therapy. However, none of the material described in this chapter is related to both disclosures at this stage. Both have given many public and academic lectures on this topic but received no honorarium for this.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}}]}}