{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:35:58Z","timestamp":1790667358208,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":176,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319111544","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319111551","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/82_2014_394","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T12:30:52Z","timestamp":1405427452000},"page":"327-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Secondary Bacterial Infections in Influenza Virus Infection Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Amber M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"McCullers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"394_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.6.836","volume":"143","author":"JS Abramson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Abramson JS, Giebink GS, Mills EL, Quie PG (1981) Polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction during influenza virus infection in chinchillas. J Infect Dis 143:836\u2013845. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/143.6.836","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.36.1.289-296.1982","volume":"36","author":"JS Abramson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Abramson JS, Giebink GS, Quie PG (1982) Influenza A virus-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction in the pathogenesis of experimental pneumococcal otitis media. Infect Immun 36:289\u2013296","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"394_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.011","volume":"37","author":"MC Abt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abt MC, Osborne LC, Monticelli LA et al (2012) Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity. Immunity 37:158\u2013170. doi: 10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"394_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12324","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05872-11","volume":"85","author":"IV Alymova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alymova IV, Green AM, van de Velde N et al (2011) Immunopathogenic and antibacterial effects of H3N2 influenza A virus PB1-F2 map to amino acid residues 62, 75, 79, and 82. J Virol 85:12324\u201312333. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.05872-11","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR5","first-page":"94","volume":"53","author":"F Ansaldi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ansaldi F, de Florentiis D, Parodi V et al (2012) Bacterial carriage and respiratory tract infections in subjects > or = 60 years during an influenza season: implications for the epidemiology of community acquired pneumonia and influenza vaccine effectiveness. J Prev Med Hyg 53:94\u201397","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"394_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019016","volume":"6","author":"VI Ayala","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayala VI, Teijaro JR, Farber DL et al (2011) Bordetella pertussis infection exacerbates influenza virus infection through pertussis toxin-mediated suppression of innate immunity. PLoS ONE 6:e19016. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0019016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"394_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7590","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01623-05","volume":"80","author":"P Baccam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baccam P, Beauchemin C, Macken CA et al (2006) Kinetics of influenza a virus infection in humans. J Virol 80:7590\u20137599. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01623-05","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02223-8","volume":"23","author":"AN Barclay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barclay AN, Wright GJ, Brooke G, Brown MH (2002) CD200 and membrane protein interactions in the control of myeloid cells. Trends Immunol 23:285\u2013290. doi: 10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02223-8","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S1-S7","volume":"11","author":"CA Beauchemin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beauchemin CA, Handel A (2011) A review of mathematical models of influenza A infections within a host or cell culture: lessons learned and challenges ahead. BMC Public Health 11:S7. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S1-S7","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"394_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.6.1431-1433.1990","volume":"28","author":"D Beighton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Beighton D, Whiley RA (1990) Sialidase activity of the \u201cStreptococcus milleri group\u201d and other viridans group Streptococci. J Clin Microbiol 28:1431\u20131433","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.6.689","volume":"132","author":"RF Berendt","year":"1975","unstructured":"Berendt RF, Long GG, Walker JS (1975) Influenza alone and in sequence with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the squirrel monkey. J Infect Dis 132:689\u2013693. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/132.6.689","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057","volume":"9","author":"AATM Bosch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bosch AATM, Biesbroek G, Trzcinski K et al (2013) Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003057. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir531","volume":"53","author":"JS Bradley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS et al (2011) The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the pediatric infectious diseases society and the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis 53:e25\u2013e76. doi: 10.1093\/cid\/cir531","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1086\/522355","volume":"196","author":"JF Brundage","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brundage JF, Shanks GD (2007) What really happened during the 1918 influenza pandemic? The importance of bacterial secondary infections. J Infect Dis 196:1717\u20131718. doi: 10.1086\/522355","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.8.2856-2858.1991","volume":"59","author":"M Camara","year":"1991","unstructured":"Camara M, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Boulnois GJ (1991) Streptococcus pneumoniae produces at least two distinct enzymes with neuraminidase activity: cloning and expression of a second neuraminidase gene in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 59:2856\u20132858","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"394_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01318-10","volume":"85","author":"L Canini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Canini L, Carrat F (2010) Population modeling of influenza A\/H1N1 virus kinetics and symptom dynamics. J Virol 85:2764\u20132770. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01318-10","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR17","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Deaths and Mortality"},{"key":"394_CR18","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Estimated Burden of Acute Otits Externa"},{"key":"394_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6304","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.12.6304-6312.2004","volume":"78","author":"AN Chanturiya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chanturiya AN, Basanez G, Schubert U et al (2004) PB1-F2, an influenza A virus-encoded proapoptotic mitochondrial protein, creates variably sized pores in planar lipid membranes. J Virol 78:6304\u20136312. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.78.12.6304-6312.2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.03.031","volume":"29","author":"MS Chaussee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaussee MS, Sandbulte HR, Schuneman MJ et al (2011) Inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccines protect mice against influenza: Streptococcus pyogenes super-infections. Vaccine 29:3773\u20133781. doi: 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.03.031","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"394_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1201-1306","volume":"7","author":"W Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen W, Calvo PA, Malide D et al (2001) A novel influenza A virus mitochondrial protein that induces cell death. Nat Med 7:1306\u20131312. doi: 10.1038\/nm1201-1306","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"394_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.7.2395","volume":"93","author":"ML Colamussi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Colamussi ML, White MR, Crouch E, Hartshorn KL (1999) Influenza A virus accelerates neutrophil apoptosis and markedly potentiates apoptotic effects of bacteria. Blood 93:2395\u20132403","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"394_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01987-10","volume":"85","author":"GM Conenello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conenello GM, Tisoncik JR, Rosenzweig E et al (2011) A single N66S mutation in the PB1-F2 protein of influenza A virus increases virulence by inhibiting the early interferon response in vivo. J Virol 85:652\u2013662. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01987-10","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030141","volume":"3","author":"GM Conenello","year":"2007","unstructured":"Conenello GM, Zamarin D, Perrone LA et al (2007) A single mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK\/97) and 1918 influenza A viruses contributes to increased virulence. PLoS Pathog 3:e141. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030141","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/377435a0","volume":"377","author":"DR Cundell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cundell DR, Gerard NP, Gerard C et al (1995) Streptococcus pneumoniae anchor to activated human cells by the receptor for platelet-activating factor. Nature 377:435\u2013438. doi: 10.1038\/377435a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"394_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-009-0555-5","volume":"16","author":"M Danishuddin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Danishuddin M, Khan SN, Khan AU (2010) Molecular interactions between mitochondrial membrane proteins and the C-terminal domain of PB1-F2: an in silico approach. J Mol Model 16:535\u2013541. doi: 10.1007\/s00894-009-0555-5","journal-title":"J Mol Model"},{"key":"394_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-146779","volume":"24","author":"DA Diavatopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diavatopoulos DA, Short KR, Price JT et al (2010a) Influenza A virus facilitates Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission and disease. FASEB J 24:1789\u20131798. doi: 10.1096\/fj.09-146779","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"394_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-146779","volume":"24","author":"DA Diavatopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diavatopoulos DA, Short KR, Price JT et al (2010b) Influenza A virus facilitates Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission and disease. FASEB J 24:1789\u20131798. doi: 10.1096\/fj.09-146779","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"394_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070891","volume":"205","author":"A Didierlaurent","year":"2008","unstructured":"Didierlaurent A, Goulding J, Patel S et al (2008) Sustained desensitization to bacterial toll-like receptor ligands after resolution of respiratory influenza infection. J Exp Med 205:323\u2013329. doi: 10.1084\/jem.20070891","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"394_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5380","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5380","volume":"171","author":"DH Dockrell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dockrell DH, Marriott HM, Prince LR et al (2003) Alveolar macrophage apoptosis contributes to pneumococcal clearance in a resolving model of pulmonary infection. J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950) 171:5380\u20135388","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"394_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1536","volume":"302","author":"G Dom\u00ednguez-Cherit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez-Cherit G (2009) Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) in Mexico. JAMA 302:1880. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2009.1536","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"394_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000362","volume":"7","author":"X Duval","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duval X, van der Werf S, Blanchon T et al (2010) Efficacy of Oseltamivir-Zanamivir combination compared to each monotherapy for seasonal influenza: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med 7:e1000362. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000362","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"394_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.1.50","volume":"69","author":"G Engelich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Engelich G, White M, Hartshorn KL (2001) Neutrophil survival is markedly reduced by incubation with influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: role of respiratory burst. J Leukoc Biol 69:50\u201356","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"394_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.2.172","volume":"141","author":"V Fainstein","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fainstein V, Musher DM, Cate TR (1980) Bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells during viral infection. J Infect Dis 141:172\u2013176. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/141.2.172","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2010.03.2130","volume":"122","author":"TM File Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"File TM Jr, Marrie TJ (2010) Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 122:130\u2013141. doi: 10.3810\/pgm.2010.03.2130","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"394_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7353","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7353","volume":"166","author":"I Fillion","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fillion I, Ouellet N, Simard M et al (2001) Role of chemokines and formyl peptides in pneumococcal pneumonia-induced monocyte\/macrophage recruitment. J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950) 166:7353\u20137361","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"394_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2307\/30085688","volume":"76","author":"T Francis","year":"1945","unstructured":"Francis T, de Torregrosa MV (1945) Combined infection of mice with H. influenzae and influenza virus by the intranasal route. J Infect Dis 76:70\u201377. doi: 10.2307\/30085688","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez JA, Fresnadillo Mart\u00ednez MJ (2002) Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 50 Suppl S2:59\u201373","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf506"},{"key":"394_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit653","author":"HE Ghoneim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghoneim HE, McCullers JA (2013) Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy improves lung immunopathology and survival during severe secondary pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. J Infect Dis. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jit653","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300014","volume":"191","author":"HE Ghoneim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghoneim HE, Thomas PG, McCullers JA (2013) Depletion of alveolar macrophages during influenza infection facilitates bacterial superinfections. J Immunol 191:1250\u20131259. doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1300014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7214","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.13.7214-7224.2003","volume":"77","author":"JS Gibbs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gibbs JS, Malide D, Hornung F et al (2003) The influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein targets the inner mitochondrial membrane via a predicted basic amphipathic helix that disrupts mitochondrial function. J Virol 77:7214\u20137224. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.77.13.7214-7224.2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600212","volume":"96","author":"G Giebink","year":"1987","unstructured":"Giebink G, Ripley M, Wright P (1987) Eustachian tube histopathology during experimental influenza A virus infection in the chinchilla. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 96:199\u2013206","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"394_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(57)90180-0","volume":"273","author":"C Giles","year":"1957","unstructured":"Giles C, Shuttleworth EM (1957) Postmortem findings in 46 influenza deaths. Lancet 273:1224\u20131225","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"394_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903952","volume":"185","author":"R Goffic le","year":"2010","unstructured":"le Goffic R, Bouguyon E, Chevalier C et al (2010) Influenza A virus protein PB1-F2 exacerbates IFN-expression of human respiratory epithelial cells. J Immunol 185:4812\u20134823. doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.0903952","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir467","volume":"204","author":"J Goulding","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goulding J, Godlee A, Vekaria S et al (2011) Lowering the threshold of lung innate immune cell activation alters susceptibility to secondary bacterial superinfection. J Infect Dis 204:1086\u20131094. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jir467","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.1.62","volume":"132","author":"JM Gwaltney","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gwaltney JM, Sande MA, Austrian R, Hendley JO (1975) Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae in families. II. Relation of transfer of S. pneumoniae to incidence of colds and serum antibody. J Infect Dis 132:62\u201368. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/132.1.62","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4442","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02717-09","volume":"84","author":"R Hai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hai R, Schmolke M, Varga ZT et al (2010) PB1-F2 expression by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus has minimal impact on virulence in animal models. J Virol 84:4442\u20134450. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02717-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajek DM, Yuan Z, Quartey MK, Giebink GS (1999) Otitis media: the chinchilla model. In: Zak O, Sande MA (eds) Handbook of animal models of infection: experimental models in antimicrobial chemotherapy Academic, San Diego, CA, pp 389\u2013401","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012775390-4\/50184-6"},{"key":"394_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/004606-0","volume":"89","author":"BG Hale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hale BG, Randall RE, Ortin J, Jackson D (2008) The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 89:2359\u20132376. doi: 10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/004606-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"394_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0067","volume":"7","author":"A Handel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Handel A, Longini IM, Antia R (2010) Towards a quantitative understanding of the within-host dynamics of influenza A infections. J R Soc Interface 7:35\u201347. doi: 10.1098\/rsif.2009.0067","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"394_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068030","volume":"354","author":"FG Hayden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hayden FG (2006) Antiviral resistance in influenza viruses\u2014implications for management and pandemic response. N Engl J Med 354:785\u2013788. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMp068030","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"394_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12045","volume":"7","author":"FG Hayden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayden FG (2013) Newer influenza antivirals, biotherapeutics and combinations: novel influenza antivirals and therapeutics. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 7:63\u201375. doi: 10.1111\/irv.12045","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"394_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00278-4","volume":"19","author":"T Heikkinen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heikkinen T (2000) The role of respiratory viruses in otitis media. Vaccine 19:S51\u2013S55. doi: 10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00278-4","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"394_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(59)92351-7","volume":"1","author":"H Herzog","year":"1959","unstructured":"Herzog H, Staub H, Richterich R (1959) Gas-analytical studies in severe pneumonia; observations during the 1957 influenza epidemic. Lancet 1:593\u2013597","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"394_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70068-9","volume":"121","author":"T Hirano","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hirano T, Kurono Y, Ichimiya I et al (1999) Effects of influenza A virus on lectin-binding patterns in murine nasopharyngeal mucosa and on bacterial colonization. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 121:616\u2013621. doi: 10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70068-9","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"394_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-5-1221","volume":"142","author":"KA Homer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Homer KA, Kelley S, Hawkes J et al (1996) Metabolism of glycoprotein-derived sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine by Streptococcus oralis. Microbiol Read Engl 142(Pt 5):1221\u20131230","journal-title":"Microbiol Read Engl"},{"key":"394_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02621-09","volume":"84","author":"VC Huber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huber VC, Peltola V, Iverson AR, McCullers JA (2010) Contribution of Vaccine-induced immunity toward either the HA or the NA component of influenza viruses limits secondary bacterial complications. J Virol 84:4105\u20134108. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02621-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5206","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.11.5206-5212.2000","volume":"74","author":"MT Hughes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hughes MT, Matrosovich M, Rodgers ME et al (2000) Influenza A viruses lacking sialidase activity can undergo multiple cycles of replication in cell culture, eggs, or mice. J Virol 74:5206\u20135212. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.74.11.5206-5212.2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0370811","volume":"37","author":"T Hussell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hussell T, Cavanagh MM (2009) The innate immune rheostat: influence on lung inflammatory disease and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Biochem Soc Trans 37:811. doi: 10.1042\/BST0370811","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"394_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019378108","volume":"108","author":"T Ichinohe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ichinohe T, Pang IK, Kumamoto Y et al (2011) Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection. Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A 108:5354\u20135359. doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1019378108","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"394_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq113","volume":"203","author":"AR Iverson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iverson AR, Boyd KL, McAuley JL et al (2011) Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis 203:880\u2013888. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jiq113","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906695","volume":"361","author":"S Jain","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jain S, Kamimoto L, Bramley AM et al (2009) Hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States, April\u2013June 2009. N Engl J Med 361:1935\u20131944. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa0906695","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"394_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.01.010","volume":"7","author":"AM Jamieson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jamieson AM, Yu S, Annicelli CH, Medzhitov R (2010) Influenza virus-induced glucocorticoids compromise innate host defense against a secondary bacterial infection. Cell Host Microbe 7:103\u2013114. doi: 10.1016\/j.chom.2010.01.010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"394_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01190.x","volume":"216","author":"Y-F Jiang-Shieh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang-Shieh Y-F, Chien H-F, Chang C-Y et al (2010) Distribution and expression of CD200 in the rat respiratory system under normal and endotoxin-induced pathological conditions. J Anat 216:407\u2013416. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01190.x","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"394_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.1.4","volume":"152","author":"S Jonsson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jonsson S, Musher DM, Chapman A et al (1985) Phagocytosis and killing of common bacterial pathogens of the lung by human alveolar macrophages. J Infect Dis 152:4\u201313. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/152.1.4","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-404","volume":"10","author":"EA Joyce","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joyce EA, Popper SJ, Falkow S (2009) Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization induces type I interferons and interferon-induced gene expression. BMC Genomics 10:404. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2164-10-404","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"394_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1871","volume":"6","author":"A Kadioglu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kadioglu A, Weiser JN, Paton JC, Andrew PW (2008) The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 6:288\u2013301. doi: 10.1038\/nrmicro1871","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1086\/596051","volume":"199","author":"\u00c5 Karlstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karlstr\u00f6m \u00c5, Boyd KL, English BK, McCullers JA (2009) Treatment with protein synthesis inhibitors improves outcomes of secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza. J Infect Dis 199:311\u2013319. doi: 10.1086\/596051","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir522","volume":"204","author":"A Karlstrom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karlstrom A, Heston SM, Boyd KL et al (2011) Toll-like receptor 2 mediates fatal immunopathology in mice during treatment of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia following influenza. J Infect Dis 204:1358\u20131366. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jir522","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-698OC","volume":"167","author":"S Knapp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Knapp S, Leemans JC, Florquin S et al (2003) Alveolar macrophages have a protective antiinflammatory role during murine pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:171\u2013179. doi: 10.1164\/rccm.200207-698OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"394_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1159\/000317134","volume":"2","author":"SD Kobayashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kobayashi SD, Braughton KR, Palazzolo-Ballance AM et al (2010) Rapid neutrophil destruction following phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Innate Immun 2:560\u2013575. doi: 10.1159\/000317134","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun"},{"key":"394_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1833375100","volume":"100","author":"SD Kobayashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kobayashi SD, Braughton KR, Whitney AR et al (2003) Bacterial pathogens modulate an apoptosis differentiation program in human neutrophils. Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A 100:10948\u201310953. doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1833375100","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"394_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01746.x","volume":"14","author":"U Koppe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koppe U, Suttorp N, Opitz B (2012) Recognition of Streptococcus pneumoniae by the innate immune system: Innate immune recognition of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cell Microbiol 14:460\u2013466. doi: 10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01746.x","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002194","volume":"186","author":"A Kudva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kudva A, Scheller EV, Robinson KM et al (2011) Influenza A inhibits Th17-mediated host defense against bacterial pneumonia in mice. J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950) 186:1666\u20131674. doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1002194","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"394_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1496","volume":"302","author":"A Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar A (2009) Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in Canada. JAMA 302:1872. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2009.1496","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"394_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12122","volume":"15","author":"T Kuri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuri T, Smed S\u00f6rensen A, Thomas S et al (2013) Influenza A virus-mediated priming enhances cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae: Influenza virus and pneumococcal co-infection of human DCs. Cell Microbiol 15:1385\u20131400. doi: 10.1111\/cmi.12122","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR77","unstructured":"Laennec RTH (1923) Translation of selected passages from De l\u2019auscultation mediate. Bale & Danielsson, London"},{"key":"394_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090596","volume":"176","author":"LN Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee LN, Dias P, Han D et al (2010) A mouse model of lethal synergism between influenza virus and haemophilus influenzae. Am J Pathol 176:800\u2013811. doi: 10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090596","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"394_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1145","volume":"10","author":"SB Levy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levy SB, Marshall B (2004) Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses. Nat Med 10:S122\u2013S129. doi: 10.1038\/nm1145","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"394_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7105","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02542-09","volume":"84","author":"R Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li R, Lim A, Phoon MC et al (2010) Attenuated bordetella pertussis protects against highly pathogenic influenza a viruses by dampening the cytokine storm. J Virol 84:7105\u20137113. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02542-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12304","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01269-12","volume":"86","author":"W Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li W, Moltedo B, Moran TM (2012) Type I interferon induction during influenza virus infection increases susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by negative regulation of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. J Virol 86:12304\u201312312. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01269-12","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002652","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002652","volume":"8","author":"PV Licciardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Licciardi PV, Toh ZQ, Dunne E et al (2012) Protecting against ppneumococcal disease: critical interactions between probiotics and the airway microbiome. PLoS Pathog 8:e1002652. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002652","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1276","volume":"194","author":"C Liu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liu C, Air GM (1993) Selection and characterization of a neuraminidase-minus mutant of influenza virus and its rescue by cloned neuraminidase genes. Virology 194:403\u2013407. doi: 10.1006\/viro.1993.1276","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"394_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057483","volume":"8","author":"X Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu X, He Y, Xiao K et al (2013) Effect of linezolid on clinical severity and pulmonary cytokines in a murine model of influenza A and Staphylococcus aureus coinfection. PLoS ONE 8:e57483. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0057483","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"394_CR85","first-page":"1071","volume":"58","author":"J Louie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Louie J, Jean C, Chen TH et al (2009) Bacterial coinfections in lung tissue specimens from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)\u2014United States, May-August 2009. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 58:1071\u20131074","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"394_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103791","volume":"38","author":"DB Louria","year":"1959","unstructured":"Louria DB, Blumenfeld HL, Ellis JT et al (1959) Studies on influenza in the pandemic of 1957-1958. II. Pulmonary Complications Of Influenza. J Clin Invest 38:213\u2013265. doi: 10.1172\/JCI103791","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"394_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.06.004","volume":"49","author":"CL Loving","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loving CL, Brockmeier SL, Vincent AL et al (2010) Influenza virus coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica enhances bacterial colonization and host responses exacerbating pulmonary lesions. Microb Pathog 49:237\u2013245. doi: 10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.06.004","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.030825-0","volume":"92","author":"HP Ludewick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludewick HP, Aerts L, Hamelin M-E, Boivin G (2011) Long-term impairment of Streptococcus pneumoniae lung clearance is observed after initial infection with influenza A virus but not human metapneumovirus in mice. J Gen Virol 92:1662\u20131665. doi: 10.1099\/vir.0.030825-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"394_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marks LR, Davidson BA, Knight PR, Hakansson AP (2013) Interkingdom signaling induces streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm dispersion and transition from asymptomatic colonization to disease. mBio 4:e00438\u201313. doi: 10.1128\/mBio.00438-13","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00438-13"},{"key":"394_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001014","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001014","volume":"6","author":"JL McAuley","year":"2010","unstructured":"McAuley JL, Chipuk JE, Boyd KL et al (2010a) PB1-F2 proteins from H5N1 and 20th century pandemic influenza viruses cause immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001014. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.09.001","volume":"2","author":"JL McAuley","year":"2007","unstructured":"McAuley JL, Hornung F, Boyd KL et al (2007) Expression of the 1918 influenza A virus PB1-F2 enhances the pathogenesis of viral and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cell Host Microbe 2:240\u2013249. doi: 10.1016\/j.chom.2007.09.001","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"394_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01785-09","volume":"84","author":"JL McAuley","year":"2010","unstructured":"McAuley JL, Zhang K, McCullers JA (2010b) The effects of influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein on polymerase activity are strain specific and do not impact pathogenesis. J Virol 84:558\u2013564. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01785-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d877","DOI":"10.2741\/McCullers","volume":"6","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCullers JA (2001) Molecular pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Front Biosci 6:d877. doi: 10.2741\/McCullers","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"394_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.14.3.305","volume":"14","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCullers JA (2005) Antiviral therapy of influenza. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 14:305\u2013312. doi: 10.1517\/13543784.14.3.305","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"394_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1730","volume":"16","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCullers JA (2011) Preventing and treating secondary bacterial infections with antiviral agents. Antivir Ther 16:123\u2013135. doi: 10.3851\/IMP1730","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"394_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3231","volume":"12","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCullers JA (2014) The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung. Nat Rev Microbiol 12:252\u2013262. doi: 10.1038\/nrmicro3231","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1086\/421525","volume":"190","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCullers JA (2004) Effect of antiviral treatment on the outcome of secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza. J Infect Dis 190:519\u2013526. doi: 10.1086\/421525","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1086\/368163","volume":"187","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2003","unstructured":"McCullers JA, Bartmess KC (2003) Role of neuraminidase in lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 187:1000\u20131009. doi: 10.1086\/368163","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.3.4.397","volume":"3","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCullers JA, English BK (2008) Improving therapeutic strategies for secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza. Future Microbiol 3:397\u2013404. doi: 10.2217\/17460913.3.4.397","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030028","volume":"3","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCullers JA, Karlstr\u00f6m \u00c5, Iverson AR et al (2007) Novel strategy to prevent otitis media caused by colonizing Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS Pathog 3:e28. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030028","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1086\/656333","volume":"202","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCullers JA, McAuley JL, Browall S et al (2010) Influenza enhances susceptibility to natural acquisition of and disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in ferrets. J Infect Dis 202:1287\u20131295. doi: 10.1086\/656333","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1086\/341462","volume":"186","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCullers JA, Rehg JE (2002) Lethal synergism between influenza virus and streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of a mouse model and the role of platelet-activating factor receptor. J Infect Dis 186:341\u2013350. doi: 10.1086\/341462","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82865","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082865","volume":"8","author":"KJ McHugh","year":"2013","unstructured":"McHugh KJ, Mandalapu S, Kolls JK et al (2013) A novel outbred mouse model of 2009 pandemic influenza and bacterial co-infection severity. PLoS ONE 8:e82865. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0082865","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"394_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6707","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00789-06","volume":"74","author":"LA McNamee","year":"2006","unstructured":"McNamee LA, Harmsen AG (2006) Both influenza-induced neutrophil dysfunction and neutrophil-independent mechanisms contribute to increased susceptibility to a secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Infect Immun 74:6707\u20136721. doi: 10.1128\/IAI.00789-06","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"394_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301152","volume":"191","author":"DW Metzger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Metzger DW, Sun K (2013) Immune dysfunction and bacterial coinfections following influenza. J Immunol 191:2047\u20132052. doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1301152","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00266-10","volume":"84","author":"H Miao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miao H, Hollenbaugh JA, Zand MS et al (2010) Quantifying the early immune response and adaptive immune response kinetics in mice infected with influenza A virus. J Virol 84:6687\u20136698. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.00266-10","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1137\/090757009","volume":"53","author":"H Miao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miao H, Xia X, Perelson AS, Wu H (2011) On identifiability of nonlinear ODE models and applications in viral dynamics. SIAM Rev 53:3\u201339. doi: 10.1137\/090757009","journal-title":"SIAM Rev"},{"key":"394_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1086\/510626","volume":"195","author":"ML Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller ML, Gao G, Pestina T et al (2007) Hypersusceptibility to invasive pneumococcal infection in experimental sickle cell disease involves platelet-activating factor receptor. J Infect Dis 195:581\u2013584. doi: 10.1086\/510626","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit317","volume":"208","author":"MJ Mina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mina MJ, Klugman KP, McCullers JA (2013) Liveattenuated influenza vaccine, but not pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, protects against increased density and duration of pneumococcal carriage after influenza infection in pneumococcal colonized mice. J Infect Dis 208:1281\u20131285. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jit317","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v26.i3.20","volume":"26","author":"K Minas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Minas K, Liversidge J (2006) Is the CD200\/CD200 receptor interaction more than just a myeloid cell inhibitory signal? Crit Rev Immunol 26:213\u2013230","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.1.182-184.1989","volume":"27","author":"BJ Moncla","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moncla BJ, Braham P (1989) Detection of sialidase (neuraminidase) activity in Actinomyces species by using 2\u2019-(4-methylumbelliferyl) alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid in a filter paper spot test. J Clin Microbiol 27:182\u2013184","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.3.422-425.1990","volume":"28","author":"BJ Moncla","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moncla BJ, Braham P, Hillier SL (1990) Sialidase (neuraminidase) activity among gram-negative anaerobic and capnophilic bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 28:422\u2013425","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1086\/590157","volume":"198","author":"CP Montgomery","year":"2008","unstructured":"Montgomery CP, Boyle-Vavra S, Adem PV et al (2008) Comparison of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a rat model of pneumonia. J Infect Dis 198:561\u2013570. doi: 10.1086\/590157","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1086\/591708","volume":"198","author":"DM Morens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Fauci AS (2008) Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. J Infect Dis 198:962\u2013970. doi: 10.1086\/591708","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050740","volume":"353","author":"A Moscona","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moscona A (2005) Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza. N Engl J Med 353:1363\u20131373. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMra050740","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"394_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181b6d7ec","volume":"28","author":"TF Murphy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murphy TF, Bakaletz LO, Smeesters PR (2009) Microbial interactions in the respiratory tract. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:S121\u2013S126. doi: 10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181b6d7ec","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"394_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200202213460820","volume":"346","author":"DM Musher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Musher DM, Dowell ME, Shortridge VD et al (2002) Emergence of macrolide resistance during treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 346:630\u2013631. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM200202213460820","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"394_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57762","volume":"121","author":"S Nakamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakamura S, Davis KM, Weiser JN (2011) Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice. J Clin Invest 121:3657\u20133665. doi: 10.1172\/JCI57762","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"394_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15535","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607325103","volume":"103","author":"AA Navarini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Navarini AA, Recher M, Lang KS et al (2006) Increased susceptibility to bacterial superinfection as a consequence of innate antiviral responses. Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A 103:15535\u201315539. doi: 10.1073\/pnas.0607325103","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"394_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.016","volume":"26","author":"JC Nelson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nelson JC, Jackson M, Yu O et al (2008) Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of communityacquired pneumonia in children and adults. Vaccine 26:4947\u20134954. doi: 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"394_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis468","volume":"206","author":"S Niemann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niemann S, Ehrhardt C, Medina E et al (2012) Combined action of influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus panton-valentine leukocidin provokes severe lung epithelium damage. J Infect Dis 206:1138\u20131148. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jis468","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045371","volume":"7","author":"T Nishikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nishikawa T, Shimizu K, Tanaka T et al (2012) Bacterial neuraminidase rescues influenza virus replication from inhibition by a neuraminidase inhibitor. PLoS ONE 7:e45371. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0045371","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"394_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345830620070301","volume":"62","author":"H Nonaka","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nonaka H, Ishikawa Y, Otsuka M et al (1983) Purification and some properties of neuraminidase isolated from the culture medium of oral bacterium Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. J Dent Res 62:792\u2013797","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"394_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.7.4104-4112.2003","volume":"77","author":"S Okamoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Okamoto S, Kawabata S, Nakagawa I et al (2003) Influenza A virus-infected hosts boost an invasive type of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in mice. J Virol 77:4104\u20134112","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195903122601101","volume":"260","author":"R Oseasohn","year":"1959","unstructured":"Oseasohn R, Adelson L, Kaji M (1959) Clinicopathologic study of thirty-three fatal cases of Asian influenza. N Engl J Med 260:509\u2013518. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM195903122601101","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"394_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8540","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008540","volume":"4","author":"G Palacios","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palacios G, Hornig M, Cisterna D et al (2009) Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection is correlated with the severity of H1N1 pandemic influenza. PLoS ONE 4:e8540. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0008540","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"394_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002588","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002588","volume":"8","author":"KA Pawelek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pawelek KA, Huynh GT, Quinlivan M et al (2012) Modeling within-host dynamics of influenza virus infection including immune responses. PLoS Comput Biol 8:e1002588. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002588","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"394_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.5.2562-2567.2006","volume":"74","author":"VT Peltola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peltola VT, Boyd KL, McAuley JL et al (2006) Bacterial sinusitis and otitis media following influenza virus infection in ferrets. Infect Immun 74:2562\u20132567. doi: 10.1128\/IAI.74.5.2562-2567.2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"394_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1086\/430954","volume":"192","author":"VT Peltola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peltola VT, Murti KG, McCullers JA (2005) Influenza virus neuraminidase contributes to secondary bacterial pneumonia. J Infect Dis 192:249\u2013257. doi: 10.1086\/430954","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080119","volume":"14","author":"MM Pettigrew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pettigrew MM, Gent JF, Revai K et al (2008) Microbial interactions during upper respiratory tract infections. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1584\u20131591. doi: 10.3201\/eid1410.080119","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0417OC","volume":"42","author":"LA Pittet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pittet LA, Hall-Stoodley L, Rutkowski MR, Harmsen AG (2010) Influenza virus infection decreases tracheal mucociliary velocity and clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 42:450\u2013460. doi: 10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0417OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"394_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06060903","volume":"6","author":"MC Plotkowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Plotkowski MC, Bajolet-Laudinat O, Puchelle E (1993) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to respiratory mucosa. Eur Respir J 6:903\u2013916","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"394_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.134.5.1040","volume":"134","author":"MC Plotkowski","year":"1986","unstructured":"Plotkowski MC, Puchelle E, Beck G et al (1986) Adherence of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae to tracheal epithelium of mice infected with influenza A\/PR8 virus. Am Rev Respir Dis 134:1040\u20131044","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"394_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200605-126SF","volume":"3","author":"E Puchelle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Puchelle E, Zahm J-M, Tournier J-M, Coraux C (2006) Airway epithelial repair, regeneration, and remodeling after injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 3:726\u2013733. doi: 10.1513\/pats.200605-126SF","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"394_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(87)80040-6","volume":"8","author":"KE Rarey","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rarey KE, DeLacure MA, Sandridge SA, Small PA (1987) Effect of upper respiratory infection on hearing in the ferret model. Am J Otolaryngol 8:161\u2013170. doi: 10.1016\/S0196-0709(87)80040-6","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"394_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit424","volume":"209","author":"PS Redford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Redford PS, Mayer-Barber KD, McNab FW et al (2014) Influenza A virus impairs control of mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection through a type I interferon receptor-dependent pathway. J Infect Dis 209:270\u2013274. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jit424","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02078-09","volume":"84","author":"RA Saenz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saenz RA, Quinlivan M, Elton D et al (2010) Dynamics of influenza virus infection and pathology. J Virol 84:3974\u20133983. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02078-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000469069","volume":"41","author":"KL Scanlon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scanlon KL, Diven WF, Glew RH (1989) Purification and properties of Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase. Enzyme 41:143\u2013150","journal-title":"Enzyme"},{"key":"394_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00126103","volume":"24","author":"M Seki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Seki M, Yanagihara K, Higashiyama Y et al (2004) Immunokinetics in severe pneumonia due to influenza virus and bacteria coinfection in mice. Eur Respir J 24:143\u2013149. doi: 10.1183\/09031936.04.00126103","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"394_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35412","volume":"119","author":"A Shahangian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shahangian A, Chow EK, Tian X et al (2009) Type I IFNs mediate development of postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia in mice. J Clin Invest 119:1910\u20131920. doi: 10.1172\/JCI35412","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"394_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1086\/652868","volume":"201","author":"GD Shanks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shanks GD, Mackenzie A, McLaughlin R et al (2010) Mortality risk factors during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the Australian army. J Infect Dis 201:1880\u20131889. doi: 10.1086\/652868","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.54.3.349","volume":"54","author":"RE Shope","year":"1931","unstructured":"Shope RE (1931) Swine influenza: I. Experimental transmission and pathology. J Exp Med 54:349\u2013359. doi: 10.1084\/jem.54.3.349","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"394_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir618","volume":"204","author":"KR Short","year":"2011","unstructured":"Short KR, Diavatopoulos DA, Thornton R et al (2011) Influenza virus induces bacterial and nonbacterial otitis media. J Infect Dis 204:1857\u20131865. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jir618","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.29","volume":"7","author":"KR Short","year":"2012","unstructured":"Short KR, Habets MN, Hermans PW, Diavatopoulos DA (2012a) Interactions between Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus: a mutually beneficial relationship? Future Microbiol 7:609\u2013624. doi: 10.2217\/fmb.12.29","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"394_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-128","volume":"10","author":"KR Short","year":"2013","unstructured":"Short KR, Habets MN, Payne J et al (2013a) Influenza A virusinduced bacterial otitis media is independent of virus tropism for \u03b12,6-linked sialic acid. Virol J 10:128. doi: 10.1186\/1743-422X-10-128","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"394_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01278-12","volume":"81","author":"KR Short","year":"2013","unstructured":"Short KR, Reading PC, Brown LE et al (2013b) Influenza-induced inflammation drives pneumococcal otitis media. Infect Immun 81:645\u2013652. doi: 10.1128\/IAI.01278-12","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"394_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Short KR, Reading PC, Wang N et al (2012b) Increased nasopharyngeal bacterial titers and local inflammation facilitate transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae. mBio 3:e00255\u201312. doi: 10.1128\/mBio.00255-12","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00255-12"},{"key":"394_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7603","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7603","volume":"172","author":"KF Sluijs van der","year":"2004","unstructured":"van der Sluijs KF, van Elden LJR, Nijhuis M et al (2004) IL-10 is an important mediator of the enhanced susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia after influenza infection. J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950) 172:7603\u20137609","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"394_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902772","volume":"184","author":"C-L Small","year":"2010","unstructured":"Small C-L, Shaler CR, McCormick S et al (2010) Influenza infection leads to increased susceptibility to subsequent bacterial superinfection by impairing NK cell responses in the lung. J Immunol 184:2048\u20132056. doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.0902772","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001081","volume":"7","author":"AM Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith AM, Adler FR, McAuley JL et al (2011a) Effect of 1918 PB1-F2 expression on influenza A virus infection kinetics. PLoS Comput Biol 7:e1001081. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001081","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"394_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-009-0281-8","volume":"60","author":"AM Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith AM, Adler FR, Perelson AS (2010) An accurate two-phase approximate solution to an acute viral infection model. J Math Biol 60:711\u2013726. doi: 10.1007\/s00285-009-0281-8","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"394_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003238","volume":"9","author":"AM Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith AM, Adler FR, Ribeiro RM et al (2013) Kinetics of coinfection with influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003238. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003238","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.02.012","volume":"178","author":"AM Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith AM, McCullers JA (2013) Molecular signatures of virulence in the PB1-F2 proteins of H5N1 influenza viruses. Virus Res 178:146\u2013150. doi: 10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.02.012","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"394_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.01.052","volume":"276","author":"AM Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith AM, McCullers JA, Adler FR (2011b) Mathematical model of a three-stage innate immune response to a pneumococcal lung infection. J Theor Biol 276:106\u2013116. doi: 10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.01.052","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"394_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.129","volume":"3","author":"AM Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith AM, Perelson AS (2011) Influenza A virus infection kinetics: quantitative data and models. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 3:429\u2013445. doi: 10.1002\/wsbm.129","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med"},{"key":"394_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v30.i3.60","volume":"30","author":"AM Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith AM, Ribeiro RM (2010) Modeling the viral dynamics of influenza A virus infection. Crit Rev Immunol 30:291\u2013298. doi: 10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v30.i3.60","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR157","first-page":"82","volume":"57","author":"MW Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith MW, Schmidt JE, Rehg JE et al (2007) Induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia after influenza. Comp Med 57:82\u201389","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"394_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1637","volume":"9","author":"RJ Snelgrove","year":"2008","unstructured":"Snelgrove RJ, Goulding J, Didierlaurent AM et al (2008) A critical function for CD200 in lung immune homeostasis and the severity of influenza infection. Nat Immunol 9:1074\u20131083. doi: 10.1038\/ni.1637","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"394_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1765","volume":"14","author":"K Sun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sun K, Metzger DW (2008) Inhibition of pulmonary antibacterial defense by interferon-\u03b3 during recovery from influenza infection. Nat Med 14:558\u2013564. doi: 10.1038\/nm1765","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"394_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/325536a0","volume":"325","author":"M Tashiro","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tashiro M, Ciborowski P, Klenk H-D et al (1987) Role of Staphylococcus protease in the development of influenza pneumonia. Nature 325:536\u2013537. doi: 10.1038\/325536a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"394_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041879","volume":"7","author":"X Tian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tian X, Xu F, Lung WY et al (2012) Poly I: C enhances susceptibility to secondary pulmonary infections by gram-positive bacteria. PLoS ONE 7:e41879. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0041879","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"394_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.602-606.2001","volume":"69","author":"HH Tong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tong HH, Weiser JN, James MA, DeMaria TF (2001) Effect of influenza A virus infection on nasopharyngeal colonization and otitis media induced by transparent or opaque phenotype variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the chinchilla model. Infect Immun 69:602\u2013606. doi: 10.1128\/IAI.69.1.602-606.2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"394_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505113321907","volume":"332","author":"EI Tuomanen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tuomanen EI, Austrian R, Masure HR (1995) Pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection. N Engl J Med 332:1280\u20131284. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM199505113321907","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"394_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8359","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01122-12","volume":"86","author":"ZT Varga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Varga ZT, Grant A, Manicassamy B, Palese P (2012) Influenza virus protein PB1-F2 inhibits the induction of type I interferon by binding to MAVS and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. J Virol 86:8359\u20138366. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01122-12","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002067","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002067","volume":"7","author":"ZT Varga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Varga ZT, Ramos I, Hai R et al (2011) The influenza virus protein PB1-F2 inhibits the induction of type I interferon at the level of the MAVS adaptor protein. PLoS Pathog 7:e1002067. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002067","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3106","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang J, Li F, Sun R et al (2013) Bacterial colonization dampens influenza-mediated acute lung injury via induction of M2 alveolar macrophages. Nat Commun. doi: 10.1038\/ncomms3106","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"394_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201007-1184OC","volume":"183","author":"K Wanzeck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wanzeck K, Boyd KL, McCullers JA (2011) Glycan shielding of the influenza virus hemagglutinin contributes to immunopathology in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:767\u2013773. doi: 10.1164\/rccm.201007-1184OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"394_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9035","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00369-12","volume":"86","author":"JN Weeks-Gorospe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weeks-Gorospe JN, Hurtig HR, Iverson AR et al (2012) Naturally occurring swine influenza A virus PB1-F2 phenotypes that contribute to superinfection with gram-positive respiratory pathogens. J Virol 86:9035\u20139043. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.00369-12","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir749","volume":"205","author":"DM Weinberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinberger DM, Simonsen L, Jordan R et al (2011) Impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations in the United States. J Infect Dis 205:458\u2013465. doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jir749","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.2307\/4576030","volume":"36","author":"WB Wherry","year":"1921","unstructured":"Wherry WB, Butterfield CT (1921) Inhalation experiments on influenza and pneumonia, and on the importance of spray-borne bacteria in respiratory infections. Public Health Rep (1896\u20131970) 36:1443. doi: 10.2307\/4576030","journal-title":"Public Health Rep (1896\u20131970)"},{"key":"394_CR171","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease"},{"key":"394_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.051370","volume":"12","author":"D Bell","year":"2006","unstructured":"World Health Organization Writing Group, Bell D, Nicoll A et al (2006) Non-pharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza, international measures. Emerg Infect Dis 12:81\u201387. doi: 10.3201\/eid1201.051370","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-201","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu Y, Mao H, Ling M-T et al (2011) Successive influenza virus infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae stimulation alter human dendritic cell function. BMC Infect Dis 11:201. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2334-11-201","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"394_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010004","volume":"1","author":"D Zamarin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zamarin D, Garc\u00eda-Sastre A, Xiao X et al (2005) Influenza virus PB1-F2 protein induces cell death through mitochondrial ANT3 and VDAC1. PLoS Pathog 1:e4. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010004","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"394_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7976","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00415-06","volume":"80","author":"D Zamarin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zamarin D, Ortigoza MB, Palese P (2006) Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein contributes to viral pathogenesis in mice. J Virol 80:7976\u20137983. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.00415-06","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"394_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82378-0","volume":"88","author":"R Zell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zell R, Krumbholz A, Eitner A et al (2007) Prevalence of PB1-F2 of influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 88:536\u2013546. doi: 10.1099\/vir.0.82378-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"}],"container-title":["Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/82_2014_394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T07:39:32Z","timestamp":1689406772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/82_2014_394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"ISBN":["9783319111544","9783319111551"],"references-count":176,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/82_2014_394","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-217X","2196-9965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-217X","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-9965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2014","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}