{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:09:10Z","timestamp":1790629750077,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319712307","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319712321","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/82_2016_15","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T15:06:56Z","timestamp":1467385616000},"page":"159-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chlamydia trachomatis as the Cause of Infectious Infertility: Acute, Repetitive or Persistent Long-Term Infection?"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Schuchardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051607","volume":"90","author":"A Aghaizu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aghaizu A, Reid F, Kerry S, Hay PE, Mallinson H, Jensen JS, Kerry S, Kerry S, Oakeshott P (2014) Frequency and risk factors for incident and redetected Chlamydia trachomatis infection in sexually active, young, multi-ethnic women: a community based cohort study. Sex Transm Infect. 90(7):524\u2013528","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.1999.00024.x","volume":"1","author":"HM Al-Younes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Al-Younes HM, Rudel T, Meyer TF (1999) Characterization and intracellular trafficking pattern of vacuoles containing Chlamydia pneumoniae in human epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 1(3):237\u2013247","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00125.x","volume":"3","author":"HM Al-Younes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Younes HM, Rudel T, Brinkmann V, Szczepek AJ, Meyer TF (2001) Low iron availability modulates the course of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Cell Microbiol 3(6):427\u2013437","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.12.015","volume":"132","author":"K Bahar-Shany","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bahar-Shany K, Brand H, Sapoznik S, Jacob-Hirsch J, Yung Y, Korach J, Perri T, Cohen Y, Hourvitz A, Levanon K (2014) Exposure of fallopian tube epithelium to follicular fluid mimics carcinogenic changes in precursor lesions of serous papillary carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 132(2):322\u2013327","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000230428.06837.f7","volume":"34","author":"IJ Bakken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bakken IJ, Skjeldestad FE, Nordb\u00f8 SA (2007) Chlamydia trachomatis infections increase the risk for ectopic pregnancy: a population-based, nested case-control study. Sex Transm Dis 34(3):166\u2013169","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1086\/648734","volume":"201","author":"BE Batteiger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Batteiger BE, Tu W, Ofner S, Van Der Pol B, Stothard DR, Orr DP, Katz BP, Fortenberry JD (2010) Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in adolescent women. J Infect Dis 201(1):42\u201351","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"15_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00027","volume":"4","author":"PM Bavoil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bavoil PM (2014) What\u2019s in a word: the use, misuse, and abuse of the word \u201cpersistence\u201d in Chlamydia biology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 4:27","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.58.4.686-699.1994","volume":"58","author":"WL Beatty","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beatty WL, Morrison RP, Byrne GI (1994) Persistent chlamydiae: from cell culture to a paradigm for chlamydial pathogenesis. Microbiol Rev 58(4):686\u2013699","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"26","key":"15_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2535394100","volume":"100","author":"RJ Belland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Belland RJ, Nelson DE, Virok D, Crane DD, Hogan D, Sturdevant D, Beatty WL, Caldwell HD (2003) Transcriptome analysis of chlamydial growth during IFN-gamma-mediated persistence and reactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100(26):15971\u201315976","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00342.x","volume":"15","author":"EY Bragina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bragina EY, Gomberg MA, Dmitriev GA (2001) Electron microscopic evidence of persistent chlamydial infection following treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15(5):405\u2013409","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.2.347-351.1986","volume":"53","author":"GI Byrne","year":"1986","unstructured":"Byrne GI, Lehmann LK, Landry GJ (1986) Induction of tryptophan catabolism is the mechanism for gamma-interferon-mediated inhibition of intracellular Chlamydia psittaci replication in T24 cells. Infect Immun 53(2):347\u2013351","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17993","volume":"111","author":"HD Caldwell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Caldwell HD, Wood H, Crane D et al (2003) Polymorphisms in Chlamydia trachomatis tryptophan synthase genes differentiate between genital and ocular isolates. J Clin Invest. 111(11):1757\u20131769","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00819.x","volume":"63","author":"AJ Carey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carey AJ, Beagley KW (2010) Chlamydia trachomatis, a hidden epidemic: effects on female reproduction and options for treatment. Am J Reprod Immunol 63(6):576\u2013586","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12093","volume":"69","author":"AJ Carey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carey AJ, Huston WM, Cunningham KA, Hafner LM, Timms P, Beagley KW (2013) Characterization of in vitro Chlamydia muridarum persistence and utilization in an in vivo mouse model of Chlamydia vaccine. Am J Reprod Immunol 69(5):475\u2013485","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00521290","volume":"133","author":"RB Clark","year":"1982","unstructured":"Clark RB, Schatzki PF, Dalton HP (1982) Ultrastructural analysis of the effects of erythromycin on the morphology and developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis HAR-13. Arch Microbiol 133(4):278\u2013282","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"15_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0939-3","volume":"15","author":"AP Craig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Craig AP, Kong FY, Yeruva L, Hocking JS, Rank RG, Wilson DP, Donovan B (2015) Is it time to switch to doxycycline from azithromycin for treating genital chlamydial infections in women? Modelling the impact of autoinoculation from the gastrointestinal tract to the genital tract. BMC Infect Dis 15:200","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"15_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00357-13","volume":"81","author":"E Clercq De","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Clercq E, Kalmar I, Vanrompay D (2013) Animal models for studying female genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect Immun 81(9):3060\u20133067","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1086\/315778","volume":"182","author":"D Dean","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dean D, Suchland RJ, Stamm WE (2000) Evidence for long-term cervical persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis by omp1 genotyping. J Infect Dis 182(3):909\u2013916","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00608.x","volume":"8","author":"S Deka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deka S, Vanover J, Dessus-Babus S, Whittimore J, Howett MK, Wyrick PB, Schoborg RV (2006) Chlamydia trachomatis enters a viable but non-cultivable (persistent) state within herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) co-infected host cells. Cell Microbiol 8(1):149\u2013162","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00823.x","volume":"9","author":"S Deka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deka S, Vanover J, Sun J, Kintner J, Whittimore J, Schoborg RV (2007) An early event in the herpes simplex virus type-2 replication cycle is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence. Cell Microbiol 9(3):725\u2013737","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"15_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.022731-0","volume":"155","author":"BD Dill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dill BD, Dessus-Babus S, Raulston JE (2009) Identification of iron-responsive proteins expressed by Chlamydia trachomatis reticulate bodies during intracellular growth. Microbiology 155(Pt 1):210\u2013219","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3288-3297.2000","volume":"44","author":"U Dreses-Werringloer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dreses-Werringloer U, Padubrin I, J\u00fcrgens-Saathoff B, Hudson AP, Zeidler H, K\u00f6hler L (2000) Persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis is induced by ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44(12):3288\u20133297","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"15_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05535-11","volume":"79","author":"LC Frazer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frazer LC, O\u2019Connell CM, Andrews CW Jr, Zurenski MA, Darville T (2011) Enhanced neutrophil longevity and recruitment contribute to the severity of oviduct pathology during Chlamydia muridarum infection. Infect Immun 79(10):4029\u20134041","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"15_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S774","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ694","volume":"61","author":"WM Geisler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geisler WM (2015) Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and adults: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 61(Suppl 8):S774\u2013S784","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit094","volume":"207","author":"WM Geisler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geisler WM, Lensing SY, Press CG, Hook EW 3rd (2013) Spontaneous resolution of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and protection from reinfection. J Infect Dis 207(12):1850\u20131856","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"26","key":"15_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1502599","volume":"373","author":"WM Geisler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geisler WM, Uniyal A, Lee JY, Lensing SY, Johnson S, Perry RC, Kadrnka CM, Kerndt PR (2015) Azithromycin versus doxycycline for urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. N Engl J Med 373(26):2512\u20132521","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1402-1405.2004","volume":"48","author":"J Gieffers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gieffers J, Rupp J, Gebert A, Solbach W, Klinger M (2004) First-choice antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations induce persistence of Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48(4):1402\u20131405","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"15_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041681","volume":"352","author":"MR Golden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Golden MR, Whittington WL, Handsfield HH et al (2005) Effect of expedited treatment of sex partners on recurrent or persistent gonorrhea or chlamydial infection. N Engl J Med 352(7):676\u2013685","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu831","volume":"60","author":"J. Gratrix","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gratrix J, Singh AE, Bergman J, Egan C, Plitt SS, McGinnis J, Bell CA, Drews SJ, Read R (2015) Evidence for increased Chlamydia case finding after the introduction of rectal screening among women attending 2 Canadian sexually transmitted infection clinics. Clin Infect Dis 60(3):398\u2013404","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"15_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00158","volume":"4","author":"JV Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall JV, Sun J, Slade J, Kintner J, Bambino M, Whittimore J, Schoborg RV (2014) Host nectin-1 is required for efficient Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 4:158","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1457-1464.2000","volume":"68","author":"A Harper","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harper A, Pogson CI, Jones ML, Pearce JH (2000) Chlamydial development is adversely affected by minor changes in amino acid supply, blood plasma amino acid levels, and glucose deprivation. Infect Immun 68(3):1457\u20131464","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"15_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80020-8","volume":"176","author":"SD Hillis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hillis SD, Owens LM, Marchbanks PA, Amsterdam LF, Mac Kenzie WR (1997) Recurrent chlamydial infections increase the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176(1 Pt 1):103\u2013107","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1843-1855.2004","volume":"72","author":"RJ Hogan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hogan RJ, Mathews SA, Mukhopadhyay S, Summersgill JT, Timms P (2004) Chlamydial persistence: beyond the biphasic paradigm. Infect Immun 72(4):1843\u20131855","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a2a933","volume":"36","author":"CB Hosenfeld","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hosenfeld CB, Workowski KA, Berman S, Zaidi A, Dyson J, Mosure D, Bolan G, Bauer HM (2009) Repeat infection with Chlamydia and gonorrhea among females: a systematic review of the literature. Sex Transm Dis 36(8):478\u2013489","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1832-1840.2001","volume":"69","author":"JU Igietseme","year":"2001","unstructured":"Igietseme JU, Portis JL, Perry LL (2001) Inflammation and clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis in enteric and nonenteric mucosae. Infect Immun 69(3):1832\u20131840","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"15_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerchel S, Knebel G, K\u00f6nig P, Bohlmann MK, Rupp J (2012) A human fallopian tube model for investigation of C. trachomatis infections. J Vis Exp 66:4036","DOI":"10.3791\/4036"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/3.1.49","volume":"3","author":"FW Johnson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Johnson FW, Hobson D (1977) The effect of penicillin on genital strains of Chlamydia trachomatis in tissue culture. J Antimicrob Chemother 3(1):49\u201356","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"15_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05434.x","volume":"76","author":"S Kahane","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kahane S, Friedman MG (1992) Reversibility of heat shock in Chlamydia trachomatis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 76(1\u20132):25\u201330","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt011","volume":"42","author":"K Kavanagh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kavanagh K, Wallace LA, Robertson C, Wilson P, Scoular A (2013) Estimation of the risk of tubal factor infertility associated with genital chlamydial infection in women: a statistical modelling study. Int J Epidemiol 42(2):493\u2013503","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00171.x","volume":"36","author":"Mae Ellen Kelver","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kelver ME et al. (1996) Estrogen regulation of lactoferrin expression in human endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 36(5):243\u2013247","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.09.015","volume":"180","author":"M Kessler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kessler M, Zielecki J, Thieck O, Mollenkopf HJ, Fotopoulou C, Meyer TF (2012) Chlamydia trachomatis disturbs epithelial tissue homeostasis in fallopian tubes via paracrine Wnt signaling. Am J Pathol 180(1):186\u2013198","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"15_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kintner J, Lajoie D, Hall J, Whittimore J, Schoborg RV (2014) Commonly prescribed \u03b2-lactam antibiotics induce C. trachomatis persistence\/stress in culture at physiologically relevant concentrations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 4:44","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00044"},{"key":"15_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5201","volume":"5","author":"A Kl\u00f6ckner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ckner A, Otten C, Derouaux A et al (2014) AmiA is a penicillin target enzyme with dual activity in the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae. Nat Commun 5:4201","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.3.2.333-341.1971","volume":"3","author":"MJ Kramer","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kramer MJ, Gordon FB (1971) Ultrastructural analysis of the effects of penicillin and chlortetracycline on the development of a genital tract Chlamydia. Infect Immun 3(2):333\u2013341","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp035","volume":"16","author":"JA Land","year":"2010","unstructured":"Land JA, Van Bergen JE, Morr\u00e9 SA, Postma MJ (2010) Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and the cost-effectiveness of screening. Hum Reprod Update 16(2):189\u2013204","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.402","volume":"29","author":"K Levanon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levanon K, Ng V, Piao HY et al (2010) Primary ex vivo cultures of human fallopian tube epithelium as a model for serous ovarian carcinogenesis. Oncogene 29(8):1103\u20131113","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"15_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00071","volume":"4","author":"ME Lewis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lewis ME, Belland RJ, AbdelRahman YM et al (2014) Morphologic and molecular evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis growth in human endocervix reveals distinct growth patterns. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 4:71","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"15_CR47","unstructured":"Liechty ER, Bergin IL, Bassis CM, Chai D, LeBar W, Young VB, Bell JD (2015) The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is associated with delayed endocervical clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis without alterations in vaginal microbiota. Pathog Dis 73(8):ftv070"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.017186","volume":"2","author":"N Low","year":"2006","unstructured":"Low N, Egger M, Sterne JA, Harbord RM, Ibrahim F, Lindblom B, Herrmann B (2006) Incidence of severe reproductive tract complications associated with diagnosed genital chlamydial infection: the Uppsala Women\u2019s Cohort Study. Sex Transm Infect. 2(3):212\u2013218","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"7497","key":"15_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38413.663137.8F","volume":"330","author":"J Macleod","year":"2005","unstructured":"Macleod J, Salisbury C, Low N et al (2005) Coverage and uptake of systematic postal screening for genital Chlamydia trachomatis and prevalence of infection in the United Kingdom general population: cross sectional study. BMJ 330(7497):940","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001179","volume":"6","author":"E Marks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marks E, Tam MA, Lycke NY (2010) The female lower genital tract is a privileged compartment with IL-10 producing dendritic cells and poor Th1 immunity following Chlamydia trachomatis infection. PLoS Pathog 6(11):e1001179","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"9","key":"15_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00004","volume":"127","author":"JM Marrazzo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marrazzo JM, White CL, Krekeler B, Celum CL, Lafferty WE, Stamm WE, Handsfield HH (1997) Community-based urine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis with a ligase chain reaction assay. Ann Intern Med 127(9):796\u2013803","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.101.1.278-285.1970","volume":"101","author":"A Matsumoto","year":"1970","unstructured":"Matsumoto A, Manire GP (1970) Electron microscopic observations on the effects of penicillin on the morphology of Chlamydia psittaci. J Bacteriol 101(1):278\u2013285","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00035-15","volume":"28","author":"S Menon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menon S, Timms P, Allan JA, Alexander K, Rombauts L, Horner P, Keltz M, Hocking J, Huston WM (2015) Human and pathogen factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis-related infertility in women. Clin Microbiol Rev 28(4):969\u2013985","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.2741-2751.2002","volume":"70","author":"RP Morrison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morrison RP, Caldwell HD (2002) Immunity to murine chlamydial genital infection. Infect Immun 70(6):2741\u20132751","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.4.1271","volume":"170","author":"RP Morrison","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morrison RP, Belland RJ, Lyng K, Caldwell HD (1989) Chlamydial disease pathogenesis. The 57-kD chlamydial hypersensitivity antigen is a stress response protein. J Exp Med 170(4):1271\u20131283","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","volume":"10","author":"L Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S et al (2015) Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PLoS ONE 10(12):e0143304","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR57","first-page":"292","volume":"92","author":"J Paavonen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Paavonen J, Puolakkainen M, Paukku M, Sintonen H (1998) Cost-benefit analysis of first-void urine Chlamydia trachomatis screening program. Obstet Gynecol 92(2):292\u2013298","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70084-2","volume":"171","author":"DL Patton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Patton DL, Askienazy-Elbhar M, Henry-Suchet J, Campbell LA, Cappuccio A, Tannous W, Wang SP, Kuo CC (1994) Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in fallopian tube tissue in women with postinfectious tubal infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171(1):95\u2013101","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2559-2565.2002","volume":"70","author":"JL Perfettini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perfettini JL, Darville T, Dautry-Varsat A, Rank RG, Ojcius DM (2002) Inhibition of apoptosis by gamma interferon in cells and mice infected with Chlamydia muridarum (the mouse pneumonitis strain of Chlamydia trachomatis). Infect Immun 70(5):2559\u20132565","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.6.3541","volume":"162","author":"LL Perry","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perry LL, Su H, Feilzer K, Messer R, Hughes S, Whitmire W, Caldwell HD (1999) Differential sensitivity of distinct Chlamydia trachomatis isolates to IFN-gamma-mediated inhibition. J Immunol 162(6):3541\u20133548","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"15_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000175","volume":"41","author":"RP Peters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peters RP, Dubbink JH, van der Eem L (2014) Cross-sectional study of genital, rectal, and pharyngeal Chlamydia and gonorrhea in women in rural South Africa. Sex Transm Dis 41(9):564\u2013569","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"15_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.07.017","volume":"14","author":"R Phillips Campbell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phillips Campbell R, Kintner J, Whittimore J, Schoborg RV (2012) Chlamydia muridarum enters a viable but non-infectious state in amoxicillin-treated BALB\/c mice. Microbes Infect 14(13):1177\u20131185","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"15_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(84)90122-9","volume":"3","author":"DM Phillips","year":"1984","unstructured":"Phillips DM, Swenson CE, Schachter J (1984) Ultrastructure of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the mouse oviduct. J Ultrastruct Res 3:244\u2013256","journal-title":"J Ultrastruct Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02097-13","volume":"58","author":"R Phillips-Campbell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips-Campbell R, Kintner J, Schoborg RV (2014) Induction of the Chlamydia muridarum stress\/persistence response increases azithromycin treatment failure in a murine model of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(3):1782\u20131784","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00247-15","volume":"22","author":"MD Picard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Picard MD, Bodmer JL, Gierahn TM et al (2015) Resolution of Chlamydia trachomatis infection is associated with a distinct T-cell response profile. Clin Vaccine Immunol 22(11):1206\u20131218","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"15_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.035","volume":"135","author":"A Pospischil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pospischil A, Borel N, Chowdhury EH, Guscetti F (2009) Aberrant chlamydial developmental forms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs spontaneously and experimentally infected with Chlamydia suis. Vet Microbiol 135(1\u20132):147\u2013156","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"15_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047427","volume":"7","author":"B\u00f6hme L Prusty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prusty B\u00f6hme L, Bergmann B, Siegl C, Krause E, Mehlitz A, Rudel T (2012) Imbalanced oxidative stress causes chlamydial persistence during non-productive human herpes virus co-infection. PLoS ONE 7(10):e47427","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"15_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.8.5131-5137.2001","volume":"69","author":"KH Ramsey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramsey KH, Miranpuri GS, Sigar IM, Ouellette S, Byrne GI (2001) Chlamydia trachomatis persistence in the female mouse genital tract: inducible nitric oxide synthase and infection outcome. Infect Immun 69(8):5131\u20135137","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-13","volume":"82","author":"RG Rank","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rank RG, Yeruva L (2014) Hidden in plain sight: chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to persistence in human genital infection. Infect Immun 82(4):1362\u20131371","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"15_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.11.4539-4547.1997","volume":"65","author":"JE Raulston","year":"1997","unstructured":"Raulston JE (1997) Response of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E to iron restriction in vitro and evidence for iron-regulated chlamydial proteins. Infect Immun 65(11):4539\u20134547","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00336.x","volume":"51","author":"JE Raulston","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raulston JE, Miller JD, Davis CH, Schell M, Baldwin A, Ferguson K, Lane H (2007) Identification of an iron-responsive protein that is antigenic in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 51(3):569\u2013576","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00169-12","volume":"80","author":"MM Riley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riley MM, Zurenski MA, Frazer LC, O\u2019Connell CM, Andrews CW Jr, Mintus M, Darville T (2012) The recall response induced by genital challenge with Chlamydia muridarum protects the oviduct from pathology but not from reinfection. Infect Immun 80(6):2194\u20132203","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"15_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11075","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011075","volume":"5","author":"M Savy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Savy M, Hennig BJ, Doherty CP et al (2010) Haptoglobin and sickle cell polymorphisms and risk of active trachoma in Gambian children. PLoS ONE 5(6):e11075","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022053","volume":"83","author":"D Scott Lamontagne","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scott Lamontagne D, Baster K, Emmett L et al (2007) Incidence and reinfection rates of genital chlamydial infection among women aged 16-24\u00a0years attending general practice, family planning and genitourinary medicine clinics in England: a prospective cohort study by the Chlamydia Recall Study Advisory Group. Sex Transm Infect. 83(4):292\u2013303","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.48.2.592-596.1985","volume":"48","author":"Y Shemer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shemer Y, Sarov I (1985) Inhibition of growth of Chlamydia trachomatis by human gamma interferon. Infect Immun 48(2):592\u2013596","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146186","volume":"11","author":"J Slade","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slade J, Hall JV, Kintner J, Schoborg RV (2016) Chlamydial pre-infection protects from subsequent herpes simplex virus-2 challenge in a murine vaginal super-infection model. PLoS ONE 11(1):e0146186","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)00011-2","volume":"11","author":"RS Stephens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stephens RS (2003) The cellular paradigm of chlamydial pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 11(1):44\u201351","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01389.x","volume":"12","author":"C Tan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tan C, Hsia RC, Shou H, Carrasco JA, Rank RG, Bavoil PM (2010) Variable expression of surface-exposed polymorphic membrane proteins in in vitro-grown Chlamydia trachomatis. Cell Microbiol 12(2):174\u2013187","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.114.1.408-412.1973","volume":"114","author":"Y Tanami","year":"1973","unstructured":"Tanami Y, Yamada Y (1973) Miniature cell formation in Chlamydia psittaci. J Bacteriol 114(1):408\u2013412","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"15_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00020","volume":"2","author":"CC Thompson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thompson CC, Carabeo RA (2011) An optimal method of iron starvation of the obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Microbiol 2:20","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"15_CR81","unstructured":"Torrone E, Papp J, Weinstock H, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014) Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14-39\u00a0years\u2013United States, 2007-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63(38):834\u2013838"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000248","volume":"42","author":"JD Trebach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trebach JD, Chaulk CP, Page KR, Tuddenham S, Ghanem KG (2015) Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis among women reporting extragenital exposures. Sex Transm Dis 42(5):233\u2013239","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"15_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-274","volume":"14","author":"GA Liere van","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Liere GA, Hoebe CJ, Wolffs PF, Dukers-Muijrers NH (2014) High co-occurrence of anorectal chlamydia with urogenital chlamydia in women visiting an STI clinic revealed by routine universal testing in an observational study; a recommendation towards a better anorectal chlamydia control in women. BMC Infect Dis 14:274","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh029","volume":"33","author":"IG Valkengoed van","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Valkengoed IG, Morr\u00e9 SA, van den Brule AJ, Meijer CJ, Bouter LM, Boeke AJ (2004) Overestimation of complication rates in evaluations of Chlamydia trachomatis screening programmes\u2014implications for cost-effectiveness analyses. Int J Epidemiol 33(2):416\u2013425","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"15_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/012161-0","volume":"154","author":"J Vanover","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vanover J, Sun J, Deka S, Kintner J, Duffourc MM, Schoborg RV (2008) Herpes simplex virus co-infection-induced Chlamydia trachomatis persistence is not mediated by any known persistence inducer or anti-chlamydial pathway. Microbiology 154(Pt 3):971\u2013978","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"15_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.036566-0","volume":"156","author":"J Vanover","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vanover J, Kintner J, Whittimore J, Schoborg RV (2010) Interaction of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D with the host cell surface is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence. Microbiology 156(Pt 5):1294\u20131302","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"15_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342032","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/342032","volume":"2009","author":"H Vardhan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vardhan H, Bhengraj AR, Jha R, Singh Mittal A (2009) Chlamydia trachomatis alters iron-regulatory protein-1 binding capacity and modulates cellular iron homeostasis in HeLa-229 cells. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009:342032","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol."},{"key":"15_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-464","volume":"14","author":"B Versteeg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Versteeg B, van Rooijen MS, Schim van der Loeff MF, de Vries HJ, Bruisten SM (2014) No indication for tissue tropism in urogenital and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis infections using high-resolution multilocus sequence typing. BMC Infect Dis 14:464","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037778","volume":"7","author":"Jennifer Walker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walker J, Tabrizi SN, Fairley CK et al (2012) Chlamydia trachomatis incidence and re-infection among young women\u2014behavioural and microbiological characteristics. PLoS One 7(5):e37778","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.026047","volume":"84","author":"LA Wallace","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wallace LA, Scoular A, Hart G, Reid M, Wilson P, Goldberg DJ (2008) What is the excess risk of infertility in women after genital chlamydia infection? A systematic review of the evidence. Sex Transm Infect. 84(3):171\u2013175","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2379-2385.2000","volume":"68","author":"K Wolf","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wolf K, Fischer E, Hackstadt T (2000) Ultrastructural analysis of developmental events in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected cells. Infect Immun 68(4):2379\u20132385","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2000.00059.x","volume":"2","author":"PB Wyrick","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wyrick PB (2000) Intracellular survival by Chlamydia. Cell Microbiol 2(4):275\u2013282","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"15_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1086\/652394","volume":"201","author":"PB Wyrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wyrick PB (2010) Chlamydia trachomatis persistence in vitro: an overview. J Infect Dis 201(Suppl 2):S88\u2013S95","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh283","volume":"54","author":"PB Wyrick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wyrick PB, Knight ST (2004) Pre-exposure of infected human endometrial epithelial cells to penicillin in vitro renders Chlamydia trachomatis refractory to azithromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 54(1):79\u201385","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"15_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182246a83","volume":"118","author":"F Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu F, Stoner BP, Taylor SN, Mena L, Tian LH, Papp J, Hutchins K, Martin DH, Markowitz LE (2011) Use of home-obtained vaginal swabs to facilitate rescreening for Chlamydia trachomatis infections: two randomized controlled trials. Obstet Gynecol 118(2 Pt 1):231\u2013239","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"15_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12052","volume":"68","author":"Laxmi Yeruva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeruva L, Spencer N, Bowlin AK, Wang Y, Rank RG (2013a) Chlamydial infection of the gastrointestinal tract: a reservoir for persistent infection. Pathog Dis 68(3):88\u201395","journal-title":"Pathogens and Disease"},{"issue":"12","key":"15_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6290","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01405-13","volume":"57","author":"L Yeruva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeruva L, Melnyk S, Spencer N, Bowlin A, Rank RG (2013b) Differential susceptibilities to azithromycin treatment of chlamydial infection in the gastrointestinal tract and cervix. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57(12):6290\u20136294","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008249","volume":"20","author":"K Yoshimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshimura K, Yoshimura M, Kobayashi T, Kubo T, Hachisuga T, Kashimura M (2009) Can bacterial vaginosis help to find sexually transmitted diseases, especially chlamydial cervicitis? Int J STD AIDS 20(2):108\u2013111","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"9","key":"15_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00673-15","volume":"83","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Huang Y, Gong S, Yang Z, Sun X, Schenken R, Zhong G (2015) In vivo and ex vivo imaging reveals a long-lasting chlamydial infection in the mouse gastrointestinal tract following genital tract inoculation. Infect Immun 83(9):3568\u20133577","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","Biology of Chlamydia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/82_2016_15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T03:00:33Z","timestamp":1692414033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/82_2016_15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9783319712307","9783319712321"],"references-count":100,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/82_2016_15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-217X","2196-9965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-217X","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-9965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2016","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}