{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:40:57Z","timestamp":1778168457466,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Boston, MA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer US","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780387730028","type":"print"},{"value":"9780387730035","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_36","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T01:07:18Z","timestamp":1248656838000},"page":"646-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gait Recognition, Silhouette-Based"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"36_CR1_36","unstructured":"Boyd, J.E., Little, J.J.: Advanced Studies in Biometrics: Summer School on Biometrics, Alghero, Italy, June 2\u20136, 2003, Revised Selected Lectures and Papers (Lecture Notes on Computer Science), vol. 3161\/2005, chap. Biometric Gait Recognition, pp. 19\u201342. Springer (2005)"},{"issue":"5","key":"36_CR2_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03337021","volume":"9","author":"J.E. Cutting","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cutting, J.E., Kozlowski, L.T.: Recognizing friends by their walk: gait perception without familiarity cues. Bull. Psychonomic Soc. 9(5), 353\u2013356 (1977)","journal-title":"Bull. Psychonomic Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"36_CR3_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/027836499000900206","volume":"9","author":"T. McGeer","year":"1990","unstructured":"McGeer, T.: Passive dynamic walking. Int. J. Robot. Res. 9(2), 62\u201382 (1990)","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res"},{"key":"36_CR4_36","unstructured":"McGeer, T.: Passive walking with knees. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1640\u20131645 (1990)"},{"key":"36_CR5_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1372322","volume":"123","author":"A.D. Kuo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kuo, A.D.: A simple model of bipedal walking predicts the preferred speed-step length relationship. J. Biomech. Eng. 123, 264\u2013269 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng"},{"key":"36_CR6_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1427703","volume":"124","author":"A.D. Kuo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuo, A.D.: Energetics of actively powered locomotion using the simplest walking model. J. Biomech. Eng. 124, 113\u2013120 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng"},{"key":"36_CR7_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(02)00111-6","volume":"13","author":"V. von Tscharner","year":"2003","unstructured":"von Tscharner, V., Goepfert, B.: Gender dependent emgs of runners resolved by time\/frequency and principal pattern analysis. J. Electromyogr. Kines. 13, 253\u2013272 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kines"},{"key":"36_CR8_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumberg, A.M., Hogg, D.C.: Generating spatiotemporal models from examples. In: Sixth British Conference on Machine Vision, Vol. 2, pp. 413\u2013422. Birmingham, UK (1995)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.9.41"},{"key":"36_CR9_36","volume-title":"The Art and Science of Digital Compositing","author":"R. Brinkmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brinkmann, R.: The Art and Science of Digital Compositing. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Diego, CA (1999)"},{"key":"36_CR10_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stauffer, C., Grimson, W.E.L.: Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. II, pp. 246\u2013252. Fort Collins, CO, USA (1998)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1999.784637"},{"issue":"1","key":"36_CR11_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420984","volume":"12","author":"J.L. Barron","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barron, J.L., Fleet, D.J., Beauchemin, S.: Performance of optical flow techniques. Int. J. Comput. Vision 12(1), 43\u201377 (1994)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"36_CR12_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1167\/2.5.2","volume":"2","author":"N.F. Troje","year":"2002","unstructured":"Troje, N.F.: Decomposing biological motion: a framwork for analysis and synthesis of human gait patterns. J. Vision 2, 371\u2013387 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Vision"},{"issue":"10\u201312","key":"36_CR13_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2006.10.100","volume":"70","author":"L. Omlor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Omlor, L., Giese, M.A.: Extraction of spatio-temporal primitives of emotional body expressions. Neurocomputing 70(10\u201312), 1938\u20131942 (2007)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"36_CR14_36","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"J.J. Little","year":"1998","unstructured":"Little, J.J., Boyd, J.E.: Recognizing people by their gait: the shape of motion. Videre 1(2), 1\u201332 (1998)","journal-title":"Videre"},{"key":"36_CR15_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Abdelkader, C., Cutler, R., Davis, L.: Person identification using automatic height and stride estimation. In: 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 377\u2013380. Quebec, Quebec (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1047474"},{"key":"36_CR16_36","volume-title":"Computer Vision","author":"D.H. Ballard","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ballard, D.H., Brown, C.M.: Computer Vision. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1982)"},{"key":"36_CR17_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shulter, J.D., Nixon, M.S.: Zernike velocity moments for sequence-based descriptiion of moving features. Image and Vision Computing 24, 343\u2013356 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2005.12.001"},{"key":"36_CR18_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Abdelkader, C. Cutler, R., Davis, L.: Motion-based recognition of people in eigengait space. In: 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 267\u2013272 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004165"},{"key":"36_CR19_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00086-2","volume":"24","author":"J.B. Hayfron-Acquah","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hayfron-Acquah, J.B., Nixon, M.S., Carter, J.N.: Automatic gait recognition by symmetry analysis. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 24, 2175\u20132183 (2003)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett"},{"key":"36_CR20_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2004.04.004","volume":"96","author":"J.E. Boyd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boyd, J.E.: Synchronization of oscillations for machine perception of gaits. Comput. Vision Image Understand. 96, 35\u201359 (2004)","journal-title":"Comput. Vision Image Understand"},{"key":"36_CR21_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bobick, A., Johnson, A.: Gait recognitin using static activity-specific parameters. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2001, Vol. I, pp. 423\u2013430. Kauai, HI (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990506"},{"key":"36_CR22_36","unstructured":"Collins, R.T., Gross, R., Shi, J.: Silhouette-based human identification from body shape and gait. In: Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 351\u2013356. Washington DC (2002)"},{"key":"36_CR23_36","unstructured":"Gross, R., Shi, J.: The cmu motion of body (mobo) database. Tech. Rep. CMU-RI-TR-01-18, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (2001)"},{"issue":"2","key":"36_CR24_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.39","volume":"27","author":"S. Sarkar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Phillips, J., Liu, Z., Robledo, I., Prother, P., Bowyer, K.W.: The humanid gait challenge problem: data sets, performance, and analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell. 27(2), 162\u2013177 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell"},{"key":"36_CR25_36","unstructured":"Shutler, J., Grant, M., Nixon, M., Carter, J.: On a large sequence-based human gait database. In: Fourth International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, pp. 66\u201371. Nottingham, UK (2002)"},{"key":"36_CR26_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhanu, B., Han, J.: Bayesian-based performance prediction for gait recognition. In: IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, pp. 145\u2013150. Orlando, Florida (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/MOTION.2002.1182227"},{"issue":"6","key":"36_CR27_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.122","volume":"28","author":"Z. Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Sarkar, S.: Improved gait recognition by gait dynamics normalization. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell. 28(6), 863\u2013876 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell"},{"issue":"10","key":"36_CR28_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1233906","volume":"25","author":"I. Robledo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robledo, I., Sarkar, S.: Statistical motion model based on the change of feature relationships: human gait-based recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell. 25(10), 1323\u20131328 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell"},{"key":"36_CR29_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, L., Grimson, W.: Gait analysis for recognition and classification. In: Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 148\u2013155. Washington DC (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004148"},{"issue":"12","key":"36_CR30_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1251144","volume":"25","author":"L. Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang, L., Tan, T., Ning, H., Hu, W.: Silhouette analysis-based gait recognition for human identification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell. 25(12), 1505\u20131518 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analy. Mach. Intell"}],"container-title":["Encyclopedia of Biometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_36","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T12:33:52Z","timestamp":1739277232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"ISBN":["9780387730028","9780387730035"],"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_36","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}