{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T01:41:34Z","timestamp":1794361294264,"version":"4.9.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer New York","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780387775739","type":"print"},{"value":"9780387775746","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_9","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,7]],"date-time":"2009-01-07T09:43:07Z","timestamp":1231321387000},"page":"104-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Ultraviolet Radiation and Malignant Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Johan","family":"Moan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Carmen","family":"Porojnicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Dahlback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"9_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1997.tb01000.x","volume":"38","author":"B.K. Armstrong","year":"1997","unstructured":"Armstrong BK, Kricker A, English DR. Sun exposure and skin cancer. Australas J Dermatol 1997; 38Suppl 1:S1\u2013S6.","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2406-3_10","volume-title":"Environmental UV Photobiology","author":"J. Moan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moan J, Dahlback A. Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: epidemiological data from Scandinavia. In: Young AR, Bj\u00f8rn LO, Moan J, Nultsch W, eds. Environmental UV Photobiology. New York\/London: Plenum Press; 1993:255\u201393."},{"key":"9_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00712.x","volume":"38","author":"D.C. Whiteman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Whiteman DC, Green AC. Melanoma and sun exposure: where are we now? Int J Dermatol 1999; 38:481\u2013489.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR4","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Skin tumors: experimental and clinical aspects","author":"J.M. Elwood","year":"1989","unstructured":"Elwood JM, Whitehead SM, Gallagher RP. Epidemiology of human malignant skin tumours with special reference to natural and artificial ultraviolet radiation exposure. In: Conti CJ, Slaga TJ, Klein-Szanto AJP, eds. Skin tumors: experimental and clinical aspects. New York: Raven Press; 1989:55\u201384."},{"key":"9_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02071515","volume":"16","author":"J.M. Elwood","year":"1992","unstructured":"Elwood JM. Melanoma and sun exposure: contrasts between intermittent and chronic exposure. World J Surg 1992; 16:157\u2013165.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"9_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2406-3_9","volume-title":"Environmental UV photobiology","author":"A. Green","year":"1993","unstructured":"Green A, Williams G. Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: epidemiological data from Australia. In: Young AR, Bj\u00f8rn LO, Moan J, Nultsch W, eds. Environmental UV photobiology. New York\/London: Plenum Press: 1993, 233\u201354."},{"key":"9_CR7","first-page":"403","volume":"76","author":"C.D. Holman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Holman CD, Armstrong BK, Heenan PJ. Relationship of cutaneous malignant melanoma to individual sunlight-exposure habits. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986; 76:403\u2013414.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"9_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/php.1990.51.6.765","volume":"51","author":"H.K. Koh","year":"1990","unstructured":"Koh HK, Kligler BE, Lew RA. Sunlight and cutaneous malignant melanoma: evidence for and against causation. Photochem Photobiol 1990; 51:765\u2013779.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"9_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811115)48:10<2329::AID-CNCR2820481032>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"48","author":"K. Magnus","year":"1981","unstructured":"Magnus K. Habits of sun exposure and risk of malignant melanoma: an analysis of incidence rates in Norway 1955\u20131977 by cohort, sex, age and primary tumor site. Cancer 1981; 48:2329\u20132335.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9_CR10","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Ozone, sun, cancer","author":"J. Moan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moan J, Dahlback A. Predictions of health consequences of a changing UV-fluence. In: Dubertret L, Santus R, Morliere P, eds. Ozone, sun, cancer. Paris: Les Editions Inserm, 1995:87\u2013100."},{"key":"9_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2406-3_11","volume-title":"Environmental UV photobiology","author":"M.A. Weinstock","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weinstock MA. Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: epidemiological data from the United States and Canada. In: Young AR, Bj\u00f8rn LO, Moan J, Nultsch W, eds. Environmental UV photobiology. New York\/London: Plenum Press, 1993:295\u2013344."},{"key":"9_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052166","volume":"355","author":"A.J. Miller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller AJ, Mihm MC, Jr. Melanoma. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:51\u201365.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9_CR13","unstructured":"AICR. Globocan 2002 database. Available online at http:\/\/www-dep.iarc.fr\/ (Accessed on February 2007)."},{"key":"9_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1645","volume":"80","author":"V. Tangpricha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tangpricha V, Turner A, Spina C et al. Tanning is associated with optimal vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) and higher bone mineral density. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1645\u20131649.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-6-1165","volume":"64","author":"L.Y. Matsuoka","year":"1987","unstructured":"Matsuoka LY, Ide L, Wortsman J et al. Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 64:1165\u20131168.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(98)00182-1","volume":"422","author":"A.J. Christophers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Christophers AJ. Melanoma is not caused by sunlight. Mutat Res 1998; 422:113\u2013117.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"9_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(87)90028-4","volume":"22","author":"F.H. Rampcn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rampcn FH, Fleurcn E. Melanoma of the skin is not caused by ultraviolet radiation but by a chemical xenobiotic. Med Hypotheses 1987; 22:341\u2013346.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"9_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1994.tb04038.x","volume":"33","author":"P.F. Rockley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rockley PF, Trieff N, Wagner RF et al. Nonsunlight risk factors for malignant melanoma. Part I: Chemical agents, physical conditions and occupation. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33:398\u2013406.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00951.x","volume":"104","author":"H. Beitner","year":"1981","unstructured":"Beitner H, Ringborg U, Wennersten G et al. Further evidence for increased light sensitivity in patients with malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 1981; 104:289\u2013294.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7809600","volume":"267","author":"R. Maestro","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maestro R, Boiocchi M. Sunlight and melanoma: an answer from MTS1 (p16). Science 1995; 267:15\u201316.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlback A, Stamnes K. A new spherical model for computing the radiation field available for photolysis and heating rate at twilight. Planet Space Sci 1991; 671\u2013683.","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-0633(91)90061-E"},{"key":"9_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stamnes K, Tsay SC, Wiscombe W et al. Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method for radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media. Appl Opt 1988; 2502\u20132509.","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.27.002502"},{"key":"9_CR23","first-page":"17","volume":"6","author":"A.F. McKinlay","year":"1987","unstructured":"McKinlay AF, Diffey AL. A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin. CIE J 1987; 6:17\u201322.","journal-title":"CIE J"},{"key":"9_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6666","volume":"90","author":"R.B. Setlow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Setlow RB, Grist E, Thompson K et al. Wavelengths effective in induction of malignant melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:6666\u20136670.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9_CR25","unstructured":"Porojnicu AC, Robsahm TE, Dahlback A et al. Seasonal and geographical variations in lung cancer prognosis in Norway. Does vitamin D from the sun play a role? Lung Cancer 2005 DOI: 10.1016\/j lungcan 2006.11.013."},{"key":"9_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420021097-10","volume-title":"Skin cancer prevention","author":"J. Moan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moan J, Porojnicu AC, Dahlback A. Epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma. In: Ringborg U, Brandberg Y, Breitbart EW, Greinert R, eds. Skin cancer prevention. New York: Informa Healthcare; 2006:179\u2013201."},{"key":"9_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1999.tb07995.x","volume":"70","author":"J. Moan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moan J, Dahlback A, Setlow RB. Epidemiological support for an hypothesis for melanoma induction indicating a role for UVA radiation. Photochem Photobiol 1999; 70:243\u2013247.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"9_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07268.x","volume":"154","author":"B. Diffey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diffey B. Do we need a revised public health policy on sun exposure? Br J Dermatol 2006; 154:1046\u20131051.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji019","volume":"97","author":"M. Berwick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berwick M, Armstrong BK, Ben Porat L et al. Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:195\u2013199.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"9_CR30","unstructured":"Sigmundsdottir H, Pan J, Debes GF et al. DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to \u2018program\u2019 T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27. Nat Immunol 2007. DOI: 10.1038\/ni 1433."},{"key":"9_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu GP, Hu DN, McCormick SA. Latitude and Incidence of Ocular Melanoma. Photochem Photobiol 2006.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2006.tb09821.x"},{"key":"9_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05708.x","volume":"150","author":"M.B. Lens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lens MB, Dawes M. Global perspectives of contemporary epidemiological trends of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:179\u2013185.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00086.x","volume":"184","author":"M.P. Staples","year":"2006","unstructured":"Staples MP, Elwood M, Burton RC et al. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985. Med J Aust 2006; 184:6\u201310.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"9_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206444","volume":"22","author":"M.A. Tucker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tucker MA, Goldstein AM. Melanoma etiology: where are we? Oncogene 2003; 22:3042\u20133052.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"9_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.10.016","volume":"41","author":"S. Gandini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS et al. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: II. Sun exposure. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:45\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"9_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009294","volume":"146","author":"J.A. Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee JA. Declining effect of latitude on melanoma mortality rates in the United States. A preliminary study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146:413\u2013417.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"9_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20690","volume":"114","author":"A. Stang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stang A, Parkin DM, Ferlay J et al. International uveal melanoma incidence trends in view of a decreasing proportion of morphological verification. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:114\u2013123.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"9_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cej.0000197453.79733.a6","volume":"15","author":"A. Stang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stang A, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A, Lehnert M et al. Population-based incidence estimates of uveal melanoma in Germany. Supplementing cancer registry data by case-control data. Eur J Cancer Prev 2006; 15:165\u2013170.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"9_CR39","first-page":"2579","volume":"43","author":"L. Bergman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bergman L, Seregard S, Nilsson B et al. Incidence of uveal melanoma in Sweden from 1960 to 1998. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43:2579\u20132583.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"9_CR40","first-page":"119","volume":"20","author":"E. V de","year":"2003","unstructured":"de V E, Bray FI, Coebergh JW et al. Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953\u20131997: rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia. Int J Cancer 2003; 20;107:119\u2013126.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"9_CR41","unstructured":"De Vries E, Tyczynski JE, Parkin DM. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe. ENCR Cancer fact sheets 4. 2003; France, European network of cancer registries."},{"key":"9_CR42","first-page":"352","volume":"79","author":"C.C. Lund","year":"1944","unstructured":"Lund CC, Browder NC. The estimation of area of burns. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1944; 79:352\u2013361.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"9_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000019494.34403.09","volume":"15","author":"T.E. Robsahm","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robsahm TE, Tretli S, Dahlback A et al. Vitamin D3 from sunlight may improve the prognosis of breast-, colon-and prostate cancer (Norway). Cancer Causes Control 2004; 15:149\u2013158.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"9_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2004.11.004","volume":"78","author":"J. Moan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moan J, Porojnicu AC, Robsahm TE et al. Solar radiation, vitamin D and survival rate of colon cancer in Norway. J Photochem Photobiol B 2005; 78:189\u2013193.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"9_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22052","volume":"119","author":"H.S. Lim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lim HS, Roychoudhuri R, Peto J et al. Cancer survival is dependent on season of diagnosis and sunlight exposure. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:1530\u20131536.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"9_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg075","volume":"95","author":"M.B. Veierod","year":"2003","unstructured":"Veierod MB, Weiderpass E, Thorn M et al. A prospective study of pigmentation, sun exposure and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95:1530\u20131538.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"9_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.07.066","volume":"53","author":"J.A. Levine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levine JA, Sorace M, Spencer J et al. The indoor UV tanning industry: a review of skin cancer risk, health benefit claims and regulation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53:1038\u20131044.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.00129.x","volume":"22","author":"F.R. Abdulla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abdulla FR, Feldman SR, Wilhford PM et al. Tanning and skin cancer. Pediatr Dermatol 2005; 22:501\u2013512.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"9_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2006.32101.x","volume":"32","author":"G.B. Ivry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ivry GB, Ogle CA, Shim EK. Role of sun exposure in melanoma. Dermatol Surg 2006; 32:481\u2013492.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"9_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: A systematic review. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1116\u20131122.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22453"},{"key":"9_CR51","unstructured":"Moan J, Lagunova Z, Porojnicu AC. Vitamin D, photobiology and relevance for cancer. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Health, 2006:33\u201340. Proceedings of the meeting Sunlight, Vitamin D and Health House of Commons London."},{"key":"9_CR52","unstructured":"Pagh Nielsen K, Porojnicu AC, Lagunova Z et al. Solarier og sol produserer D-vitamin, mens solkremer med h\u00f8y beskyttelsesfaktor reduserer produksjonen kraftig. Submitted, 2006."}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_9.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T17:24:38Z","timestamp":1605633878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"ISBN":["9780387775739","9780387775746"],"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_9","relation":{"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0065-2598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"}],"subject":[]}}