{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:01:38Z","timestamp":1761807698267,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"London","reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer London","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780857299963"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780857299970"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-997-0_22","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,7]],"date-time":"2011-10-07T19:29:55Z","timestamp":1318015795000},"page":"437-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Image and Video-Based Biometrics"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Vishal M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaishanker K.","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Chellappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","unstructured":"Casia iris image dataset. http:\/\/www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn\/Database.htm"},{"key":"22_CR2","unstructured":"Iris challenge evaluation data. http:\/\/iris.nis.gov\/ice\/"},{"key":"22_CR3","unstructured":"West Virginia university iris dataset. http:\/\/www.citer.wvu.edu\/off_axis_angle_iris_dataset_collection_release1"},{"key":"22_CR4","volume-title":"Handbook of Multibiometrics","author":"K. Nandakumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nandakumar K., Ross, A., Jain, A.K.: Handbook of Multibiometrics. Springer, New York (2006)"},{"key":"22_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arandjelovic, O., Cipolla, R.: Face recognition from video using the generic shape\u2013illumination manifold. Comput. Vis. Image. Underst. 27\u201340 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11744085_3"},{"issue":"4","key":"22_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2007.4286571","volume":"24","author":"R. Baraniuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baraniuk, R.: Compressive sensing. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 24(4), 118\u2013121 (July 2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1177153","volume":"25","author":"R. Basari","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basari, R., Jacobs, D.: Lambertian reflectance and linear subspaces. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 25(2), 218\u2013233 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"7","key":"22_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228","volume":"19","author":"P.N. Belhumeur","year":"1997","unstructured":"Belhumeur, P.N., Hespanha, J.P., Kriegman, D.J.: Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class-specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 711\u2013720 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.135","volume":"29","author":"S. Biswas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biswas, S., Aggarwal, G., Chellappa, R.: Robust estimation of albedo for illumination\u2013invariant matching and shape recovery. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 29(2), 884\u2013899 (March 2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR10","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"S. Biswas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biswas, S., Chellappa, R.: Pose-robust albedo estimation from a single image. In: Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2010)"},{"issue":"9","key":"22_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1227983","volume":"25","author":"V. Blanz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blanz, V., Vetter, T.: Face recognition based on fitting a 3d morphable model. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 25(9), 1063\u20131074 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR12","unstructured":"Bowyer, K.W., P.J., Flynn: The nd-iris-0405 iris image dataset. Notre Dame CVRL Technical Report"},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.08.005","volume":"110","author":"K.W. Bowyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bowyer, K.W., Hollingsworth, K., Flynn, P.J.: Image understanding for iris biometrics: A survey. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 110(2), 281\u2013307 (2008)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"22_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1109\/34.244676","volume":"15","author":"J. Daugman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Daugman, J.: High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 15, 1148\u20131161 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7011-4","volume-title":"Sparse and Redundant Representations: From Theory to Applications in Signal and Image Processing","author":"M. Elad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elad, M.: Sparse and Redundant Representations: From Theory to Applications in Signal and Image Processing. Springer, New York (2010)"},{"issue":"8","key":"22_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.14.001724","volume":"14","author":"K. Etemad","year":"1997","unstructured":"Etemad, K., Chellappa, R.: Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(8), 1724\u20131733 (1997)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"22_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927464","volume":"23","author":"A.S. Georghiades","year":"2001","unstructured":"Georghiades, A.S., Belhumeur, P.N., Kriegman, D.J.: From few to many: Illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(6), 643\u2013660 (June 2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Image Averaging for Improved Iris Recognition","author":"K.P. Hollingsworth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hollingsworth, K.P., Bowyer, K.W., Flynn, P.J.: Image Averaging for Improved Iris Recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5558 (2009)"},{"key":"22_CR19","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"J. Huang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang, J., Huang, X., Metaxas, D.: Simultaneous image transformation and sparse representation recovery. In: Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u20138 (2008)"},{"key":"22_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2010.5495383","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","author":"J. Pillai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pillai, J., Patel, V.M., Chellappa, R., Ratha, N.K.: Towards a practical face recognition system: Robust registration and illumination by sparse representation. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1838\u20131841 (2010)"},{"key":"22_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2005.05.005","volume":"101","author":"K. Chang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chang, K., Bowyer, K.W., Flynn, P.: A survey of approaches and challenges in 3d and multi-model 3d+2d face recognition. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 101, 1\u201315 (2006)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"issue":"9","key":"22_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.832865","volume":"13","author":"A. Kale","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kale, A., Sundaresan, A., Rajagopalan, A., Cuntoor, N., Chowdhury, A.R., Kruger, V., Chellappa, R.: Identification of humans using gait. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(9), 1163\u20131173 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"22_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2005.02.002","volume":"99","author":"K. Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, K., Ho, J., Yang, M., Kriegman, D.J.: Visual tracking and recognition using probabilistic manifolds. Comput. Vis. Image. Underst. 99(3), 303\u2013331 (2005)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image. Underst."},{"issue":"9","key":"22_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00057-8","volume":"36","author":"X. Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu, X., Chen, T., Thornton, S.M.: Eigenspace updating for non-stationary process and its application to face recognition. Pattern Recogn. 36(9), 1945\u20131959 (September 2003)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"6","key":"22_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.122","volume":"28","author":"Z. Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Sarkar, S.: Improved gait recognition by gait dynamics normalization. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(6), 863\u2013876 (June 2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR26","volume-title":"MATLAB Source Code for a Biometric Identification System Based on Iris Patterns","author":"L. Masek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Masek, L., Kovesi, P.: MATLAB Source Code for a Biometric Identification System Based on Iris Patterns. The University of Western Australia, Perth (2003)"},{"key":"22_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-29488-9","volume-title":"Human Identification Based on Gait","author":"M. Nixon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nixon, M., Tan, T., Chellappa, R.: Human Identification Based on Gait. Springer, New York (2006)"},{"key":"22_CR28","unstructured":"Patel, V.M., Wu, T., Biswas, S., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P.J.: Dictionary-based face recognition. UMIACS Tech. Report, UMIACS-TR-2010-07\/CAR-TR-1030, University of Maryland, College Park (July 2010)"},{"key":"22_CR29","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","author":"P.J. Phillips","year":"2002","unstructured":"Phillips, P.J., Sarkar, S., Robledo, I., Grother, P., Bowyer, K.: The gait identification challenge problem: Data sets and baseline algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (2002)"},{"issue":"9","key":"22_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.34","volume":"33","author":"J.K. Pillai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pillai, J.K., Patel, V.M., Chellappa, R., Ratha, N.K.: Secure and robust iris recognition using random projections and sparse representations. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(9), 1877\u20131893 (September 2010)","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.14","volume":"32","author":"C.C. Queirolo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Queirolo, C.C., Silva, L., Bellon, O.R.P., Segundo, M.P.: 3d face recognition using simulated annealing and the surface interpenetration measure. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(2), 206\u2013219 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"10","key":"22_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1233906","volume":"25","author":"I. Robledo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robledo, I., Sarkar, S.: Statistical motion model based on the change of feature relationships: Human gait-based recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 25(10), 1323\u20131328 (October 2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.39","volume":"27","author":"S. Sarkar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Phillips, P.J., Liu, Z., Robledo, I., Grother, P., Bowyer, K.: The human id gait challenge problem: Data sets, performance. IEEE Tran. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(2), 162\u2013177 (February 2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Tran. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"11","key":"22_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.884093","volume":"94","author":"P. Sinha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sinha, P., Balas, B., Ostrovsky, Y., Russell, R.: Face recognition by humans: Nineteen results all computer vision researchers should know about. Proc. IEEE 94(11), 1948\u20131962 (2006)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"22_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","volume":"3","author":"M. Turk","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 3(1), 71\u201386 (1991)","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.246","volume":"27","author":"A. Veeraraghavan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Veeraraghavan, A., Chowdhury, A.R., Chellappa, R.: Matching shape sequences in video with an application to human movement analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(2), 1896\u20131909 (December 2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR37","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"A. Wagner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wagner, A., Wright, J., Ganesh, A., Zhou, Z., Ma, Y.: Towards a practical face recognition system: Robust registration and illumination by sparse representation. In: Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 597\u2013604 (June 2009)"},{"issue":"10","key":"22_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.200","volume":"32","author":"Y. Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Liu, J., Tang, X.: Robust 3d face recognition by local shape difference boosting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(10), 1858\u20131870 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"7","key":"22_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598235","volume":"19","author":"L. Wiskott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wiskott, L., Fellous, J.M., Kruger, N., von\u00a0der\u00a0Malsburg, C.: Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 775\u2013779 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"22_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2044470","volume":"98","author":"J. Wright","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wright, J., Ma, Y., Mairal, J., Sapiro, G., Huang, T.S., Yan, S.: Sparse representation for computer vision and pattern recognition. Proc. IEEE 98(6), 1031\u20131044 (June 2010)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.79","volume":"31","author":"J. Wright","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wright, J., Yang, A.Y., Ganesh, A., Sastry, S.S., Ma, Y.: Robust face recognition via sparse representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(2), 210\u2013227 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"22_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.53","volume":"28","author":"L. Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Samaras, D.: Face recognition from a single training image under arbitrary unknown lighting using spherical harmonics. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(3), 351\u2013363 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"22_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1145\/954339.954342","volume":"35","author":"W. Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P.J., Rosenfeld, A.: Face recognition: A literature survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 35, 399\u2013458 (December 2003)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."}],"container-title":["Visual Analysis of Humans"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-0-85729-997-0_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T04:09:01Z","timestamp":1675915741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-0-85729-997-0_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"ISBN":["9780857299963","9780857299970"],"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-85729-997-0_22","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}