{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:18:01Z","timestamp":1788304681800,"version":"build-2803163510"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer US","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781071653678","type":"print"},{"value":"9781071653685","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-5368-5_2","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:01:38Z","timestamp":1788303698000},"page":"19-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peptide Nucleic Acids for MicroRNAs Targeting: Updates and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gambari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Finotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1379","volume":"5","author":"L He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He L, Hannon GJ (2010) MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. Nat Rev Genet 5:522\u2013531","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03315","volume":"433","author":"LP Lim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lim LP, Lau NC, Garrett-Engele P, Grimson A, Schelter JM, Castle J et al (2005) Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs. Nature 433:769\u2013773","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8982-9_9","volume":"1912","author":"I Monga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monga I, Kumar M (2019) Computational resources for prediction and analysis of functional miRNA and their targetome. Methods Mol Biol 1912:215\u2013250","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D109","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh023","volume":"32","author":"S Griffiths-Jones","year":"2004","unstructured":"Griffiths-Jones S (2004) The microRNA registry. Nucleic Acids Res 32:D109\u2013D111","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2005.05.006","volume":"15","author":"W Filipowicz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Filipowicz W, Jaskiewicz L, Kolb FA, Pillai RS (2005) Post-transcriptional gene silencing by siRNAs and miRNAs. Curr Opin Struct Biol 15:331\u2013341","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"2_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27486","volume":"234","author":"K Saliminejad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saliminejad K, Khorram Khorshid HR, Soleymani Fard S, Ghaffari SH (2019) An overview of microRNAs: biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods. J Cell Physiol 234:5451\u20135465","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2017.12.002","volume":"2","author":"GT Kwok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kwok GT, Zhao JT, Weiss J, Mugridge N, Brahmbhatt H, MacDiarmid JA et al (2017) Translational applications of microRNAs in cancer, and therapeutic implications. Noncoding RNA Res 2:143\u2013150","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res"},{"key":"2_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00953","volume":"9","author":"A Laina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laina A, Gatsiou A, Georgiopoulos G, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K (2018) RNA therapeutics in cardiovascular precision medicine. Front Physiol 9:953","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2018.1472237","volume":"14","author":"M Nakano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakano M, Nakajima M (2018) Current knowledge of microRNA-mediated regulation of drug metabolism in humans. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 14:493\u2013504","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"2_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2018.1445959","volume":"15","author":"JF Lima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lima JF, Cerqueira L, Figueiredo C, Oliveira C, Azevedo NF (2018) Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides: a comprehensive guide for design. RNA Biol 15:338\u2013352","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"2_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2017.12.008","volume":"4","author":"S Anthiya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anthiya S, Griveau A, Loussouarn C, Baril P, Garnett M, Issartel JP, Garcion E (2018) MicroRNA-based drugs for brain tumors. Trends Cancer 4:222\u2013238","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"2_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53889-1_2","volume":"978","author":"A Obiols-Guardia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Obiols-Guardia A, Guil S (2017) The role of noncoding RNAs in neurodevelopmental disorders: the case of Rett syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol 978:23\u201337","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Finotti A, Fabbri E, Lampronti I, Gasparello J, Borgatti M, Gambari R (2019) MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in genetic diseases. Mol Diagn Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40291-018-0380-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-018-0380-6"},{"key":"2_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182676","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182676","volume":"12","author":"MK Mishra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mishra MK, Loro E, Sengupta K, Wilton SD, Khurana TS (2017) Functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by repression of utrophin: let-7c interaction. PLoS One 12:e0182676","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2014.927434","volume":"14","author":"A Finotti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finotti A, Gambari R (2014) Recent trends for novel options in experimental biological therapy of \u03b2-thalassemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 14:1443\u20131454","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"2_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110672","volume":"438","author":"AE Gillen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gillen AE, Gosalia N, Leir SH, Harris A (2011) MicroRNA regulation of expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Biochem J 438:25\u201332","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050837","volume":"7","author":"F Hassan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hassan F, Nuovo GJ, Crawford M, Boyaka PN, Kirkby S, Nana-Sinkam SP, Cormet-Boyaka E (2012) MiR-101 and miR-144 regulate the expression of the CFTR chloride channel in the lung. PLoS One 7:e50837","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13362","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210906109","volume":"109","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Karp PH, Jiang P, Ostedgaard LS, Walz AE, Fisher JT et al (2012) A microRNA network regulates expression and biosynthesis of wild-type and DeltaF508 mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:13362\u201313367","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0430OC","volume":"49","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Karp PH, Osterhaus SR, Jiang P, Wohlford-Lenane C, Lennox KA et al (2013) Post-transcriptional regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression and function by microRNAs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 49:544\u2013551","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3354","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202960","volume":"190","author":"IK Oglesby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oglesby IK, Chotirmall SH, McElvaney NG, Greene CM (2013) Regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by microRNA-145, -223, and -494 is altered in \u0394F508 cystic fibrosis airway epithelium. J Immunol 190:3354\u20133362","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.06.48","volume":"6","author":"MC Dechecchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dechecchi MC, Tamanini A, Cabrini G (2018) Molecular basis of cystic fibrosis: from bench to bedside. Ann Transl Med 6:334","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201704-0732OC","volume":"197","author":"F Lutful Kabir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lutful Kabir F, Ambalavanan N, Liu G, Li P, Solomon GM, Lal CV et al (2018) MicroRNA-145 antagonism reverses TGF-\u03b2 inhibition of F508del CFTR correction in airway epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:632\u2013643","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2_CR23","first-page":"29","volume":"9","author":"C Papi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Papi C, Gasparello J, Zurlo M, Cosenza LC, Gambari R, Finotti A (2023) The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene (CFTR) is under post-transcriptional control of microRNAs: analysis of the effects of agomiRNAs mimicking miR-145-5p, miR-101-3p, and miR-335-5p. Noncoding RNA 9:29","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA"},{"key":"2_CR24","first-page":"3","volume":"11","author":"A Finotti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Finotti A, Gambari R (2025) Perspectives in microRNA therapeutics for cystic fibrosis. Noncoding RNA 11:3","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA"},{"key":"2_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1962210","volume":"254","author":"PE Nielsen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen PE, Egholm M, Berg RH, Buchardt O (1991) Sequence-selective recognition of DNA by strand displacement with a thymine-substituted polyamide. Science 254:1497\u20131500","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867003373373","volume":"8","author":"PE Nielsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nielsen PE (2001) Targeting double stranded DNA with peptide nucleic acid (PNA). Curr Med Chem 8:545\u2013550","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90171-6","volume":"48","author":"VV Demidov","year":"1994","unstructured":"Demidov VV, Potaman VN, Frank-Kamenetskii MD, Egholm M, Buchard O, S\u00f6nnichsen SH, Nielsen PE (1994) Stability of peptide nucleic acids in human serum and cellular extracts. Biochem Pharmacol 48:1310\u20131313","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/365566a0","volume":"365","author":"M Egholm","year":"1993","unstructured":"Egholm M, Buchardt O, Christensen L, Behrens C, Freier SM, Driver DA et al (1993) PNA hybridizes to complementary oligonucleotides obeying the Watson-Crick hydrogen-bonding rules. Nature 365:566\u2013568","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210793292546","volume":"16","author":"PE Nielsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nielsen PE (2010) Gene targeting and expression modulation by peptide nucleic acids (PNA). Curr Pharm Des 16:3118\u20133123","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn401","volume":"36","author":"T Shiraishi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shiraishi T, Hamzavi R, Nielsen PE (2008) Subnanomolar antisense activity of phosphonate-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugates delivered by cationic lipids to HeLa cells. Nucleic Acids Res 36:4424\u20134432","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.07.006","volume":"10","author":"A Nekhotiaeva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nekhotiaeva A, Awasthi SK, Nielsen PE, Good L (2004) Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression and growth using antisense peptide nucleic acids. Mol Ther 10:652\u2013659","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7500","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206780200","volume":"278","author":"M Borgatti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Romanelli A, Pedone C, Saviano M, Bianchi N et al (2003) Transcription factor decoy molecules based on a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-DNA chimera mimicking Sp1 binding sites. J Biol Chem 278:7500\u20137509","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612013397087","volume":"7","author":"R Gambari","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gambari R (2001) Peptide-nucleic acids (PNAs): a tool for the development of gene expression modifiers. Curr Pharm Des 7:1839\u20131862","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1089\/oli.2006.16.43","volume":"16","author":"FW Rasmussen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rasmussen FW, Bendifallah N, Zachar V, Shiraishi T, Fink T, Ebbesen P et al (2006) Evaluation of transfection protocols for unmodified and modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers. Oligonucleotides 16:43\u201357","journal-title":"Oligonucleotides"},{"key":"2_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1208\/ps060102","volume":"6","author":"R Cortesi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cortesi R, Mischiati C, Borgatti M, Breda L, Romanelli A, Saviano M et al (2004) Formulations for natural and peptide nucleic acids based on cationic polymeric submicron particles. AAPS Pharmsci 6:10\u201321","journal-title":"AAPS Pharmsci"},{"key":"2_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(02)01188-7","volume":"64","author":"M Borgatti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borgatti M, Breda L, Cortesi R, Nastruzzi C, Romanelli A, Saviano M et al (2002) Cationic liposomes as delivery systems for double-stranded PNA-DNA chimeras exhibiting decoy activity against NF-kappaB transcription factors. Biochem Pharmacol 64:609\u2013616","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.979","volume":"14","author":"R Abes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abes R, Arzumanov A, Moulton H, Abes S, Ivanova G (2008) Arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides: design, structure-activity, and applications to alter pre-mRNA splicing by steric-block oligonucleotides. J Pept Sci 14:455\u2013460","journal-title":"J Pept Sci"},{"key":"2_CR38","first-page":"71","volume":"3","author":"AG Torres","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torres AG, Threlfall RN, Gait MJ (2011) Potent and sustained cellular inhibition of miR-122 by lysine-derivatized peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and phosphorothioate locked nucleic acid (LNA)\/2\u2032-O-methyl (OMe) mixmer anti-miRs in the absence of transfection agents. Artificial DNA 3:71\u201378","journal-title":"Artificial DNA"},{"key":"2_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201500540","volume":"11","author":"A Bertucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bertucci A, Prasetyanto EA, Septiadi D, Manicardi A, Brognara E, Gambari R, Corradini R, De Cola L (2015) Combined delivery of temozolomide and anti-miR221 PNA using mesoporous silica nanoparticles induces apoptosis in resistant glioma cells. Small 11:5687\u20135695","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-1183-0","volume":"19","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Tang Y, Liu Y, Dou Y (2018) Nucleic acid-based therapeutics for pulmonary diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 19:3670\u20133680","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"2_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39211-4","volume":"9","author":"J Gasparello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Casnati A, Corradini R, Gambari R, Finotti A et al (2019) Efficient cell penetration and delivery of peptide nucleic acids by an argininocalix[4]arene. Sci Rep 9:3036","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0943-9_10","volume":"2211","author":"A Finotti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finotti A, Gasparello J, Casnati A, Corradini R, Gambari R, Sansone F (2021) Delivery of peptide nucleic acids using an Argininocalix[4]arene as vector. Methods Mol Biol 2211:123\u2013143","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082121","volume":"15","author":"J Gasparello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gasparello J, Papi C, Zurlo M, Volpi S, Gambari R, Corradini R et al (2023) Cationic Calix[4]arene vectors to efficiently deliver AntimiRNA Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) and miRNA mimics. Pharmaceutics 15:2121","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1405-6","volume":"118","author":"E Brognara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brognara E, Fabbri E, Bazzoli E, Montagner G, Ghimenton C, Eccher A et al (2014) Uptake by human glioma cell lines and biological effects of a peptide-nucleic acids targeting miR-221. J Neuro-Oncol 118:19\u201328","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"2_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-703-7_14","volume":"1095","author":"E Brognara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brognara E, Fabbri E, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Corradini R, Gambari R (2014) Molecular methods for validation of the biological activity of peptide nucleic acids targeting microRNAs. Methods Mol Biol 1095:165\u2013176","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13905","volume":"518","author":"CJ Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng CJ, Bahal R, Babar IA, Pincus Z, Barrera F, Liu C et al (2015) MicroRNA silencing for cancer therapy targeted to the tumour microenvironment. Nature 518:107\u2013110","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.3308","volume":"48","author":"E Brognara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brognara E, Fabbri E, Montagner G, Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Corradini R et al (2016) High levels of apoptosis are induced in human glioma cell lines by co-administration of peptide nucleic acids targeting miR-221 and miR-222. Int J Oncol 48:1029\u20131038","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"2_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5210","DOI":"10.1039\/C6OB00516K","volume":"14","author":"A Ghidini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghidini A, Bergquist H, Murtola M, Punga T, Zain R, Str\u00f6mberg R (2016) Clamping of RNA with PNA enables targeting of microRNA. Org Biomol Chem 14:5210\u20135213","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"2_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7984","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601646","volume":"28","author":"KR Beavers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beavers KR, Werfel TA, Shen T, Kavanaugh TE, Kilchrist KV, Mares JW et al (2016) Porous silicon and polymer nanocomposites for delivery of peptide nucleic acids as anti-microRNA therapies. Adv Mater 28:7984\u20137992","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.09.001","volume":"9","author":"A Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta A, Quijano E, Liu Y, Bahal R, Scanlon SE, Song E et al (2017) Anti-tumor activity of miniPEG-\u03b3-modified PNAs to inhibit microRNA-210 for cancer therapy. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 9:111\u2013119","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"2_CR51","first-page":"583","volume":"90","author":"E Quijano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quijano E, Bahal R, Ricciardi A, Saltzman WM, Glazer PM (2017) Therapeutic peptide nucleic acids: principles, limitations, and opportunities. Yale J Biol Med 90:583\u2013598","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8582-1_4","volume":"1811","author":"A Manicardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manicardi A, Gambari R, de Cola L, Corradini R (2018) Preparation of anti-miR PNAs for drug development and nanomedicine. Methods Mol Biol 1811:49\u201363","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E71","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010071","volume":"23","author":"E Fabbri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fabbri E, Tamanini A, Jakova T, Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Corradini R et al (2017) A peptide nucleic acid against microRNA miR-145-5p enhances the expression of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) in Calu-3 cells. Molecules 23(1):E71","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"2_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201901-0019LE","volume":"199","author":"A Finotti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finotti A, Gasparello J, Fabbri E, Tamanini A, Corradini R, Dechecchi MC et al (2019) Enhancing the expression of CFTR using antisense molecules against microRNA miR-145-5p. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199(11):1443\u20131444","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR55","first-page":"63","volume":"1","author":"M Ishida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ishida M, Selaru FM (2013) miRNA-based therapeutic strategies. Curr Anesthesiol Rep 1(1):63\u201370","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiol Rep"},{"key":"2_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-863-8_3","volume":"676","author":"Z Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Z (2011) The principles of MiRNA-masking antisense oligonucleotides technology. Methods Mol Biol 676:43\u201349","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00113214","volume":"45","author":"V Viart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Viart V, Bergougnoux A, Bonini J, Varilh J, Chiron R, Tabary O et al (2015) Transcription factors and miRNAs that regulate fetal to adult CFTR expression change are new targets for cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 45(1):116\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00113214","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.02.001","volume":"28","author":"C De Santi","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Santi C, Fern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez E, Gaul R, Vencken S, Glasgow A, Oglesby IK et al (2020) Precise targeting of miRNA sites restores CFTR activity in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Ther 28(4):1190\u20131199","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201100745","volume":"13","author":"A Manicardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manicardi A, Fabbri E, Tedeschi T, Sforza S, Bianchi N, Brognara E et al (2012) Cellular Uptakes, biostabilities and anti-miR-210 Activities of chiral arginine-PNAs in leukaemic K562 cells. Chembiochem 13:1327\u20131337","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"key":"2_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201100270","volume":"6","author":"E Fabbri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fabbri E, Manicardi A, Tedeschi T, Sforza S, Bianchi N, Brognara E et al (2011) Modulation of the biological activity of microRNA-210 with peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). ChemMedChem 6:2192\u20132202","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"2_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112876","volume":"209","author":"E Fabbri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fabbri E, Tamanini A, Jakova T, Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Corradini R et al (2021) Treatment of human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells with a peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) targeting the microRNA miR-101-3p is associated with increased expression of the cystic fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene. Eur J Med Chem 209:112876","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"2_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071677","volume":"25","author":"S Sultan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sultan S, Rozzi A, Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Corradini R, Papi C et al (2020) A peptide nucleic acid (PNA) masking the miR-145-5p binding site of the 3\u2032UTR of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mRNA enhances CFTR expression in Calu-3 cells. Molecules 25(7):1677","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2020.113608","volume":"593","author":"L Pillai-Kastoori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pillai-Kastoori L, Schutz-Geschwender AR, Harford JA (2020) A systematic approach to quantitative Western blot analysis. Anal Biochem 593:113608","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00719","volume":"9","author":"O Laselva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laselva O, Marzaro G, Vaccarin C, Lampronti I, Tamanini A, Lippi G et al (2018) Molecular mechanism of action of trimethylangelicin derivatives as CFTR modulators. Front Pharmacol 9:719","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0243-0_12","volume":"2105","author":"R Gambari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gambari R, Gasparello J, Fabbri E, Borgatti M, Tamanini A, Finotti A (2020) Peptide nucleic acids for microRNA targeting. Methods Mol Biol 2105:199\u2013215","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2022.2057535","volume":"41","author":"M Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu M, Liu F, Yan L, Huang R, Hu R, Zhu J et al (2022) MiR-145-5p restrains chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing TLR4. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 41(7):625\u2013642","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"2_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.03.001","volume":"472","author":"D Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang D, Tao K, Xion J, Xu S, Jiang Y, Chen Q, He S (2016) TAK-242 attenuates acute cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation in mouse via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 472(3):508\u2013515","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"24","key":"2_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29245938","volume":"29","author":"J Gasparello","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gasparello J, Papi C, Marzaro G, Macone A, Zurlo M, Finotti A et al (2024) Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and its constituent S-Allyl-Cysteine (SAC) inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory genes induced in bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells by exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the BNT162b2 vaccine. Molecules 29(24):5938","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"16","key":"2_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9348","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169348","volume":"23","author":"C Papi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papi C, Gasparello J, Zurlo M, Manicardi A, Corradini R, Cabrini G et al (2022) Combined treatment of bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells with peptide nucleic acids targeting miR-145-5p and miR-101-3p: synergistic enhancement of the expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Int J Mol Sci 23(16):9348","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Methods in Molecular Biology","Peptide Nucleic Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-5368-5_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:01:40Z","timestamp":1788303700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-5368-5_2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9781071653678","9781071653685"],"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-5368-5_2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-3745","1940-6029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-3745","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-6029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}