{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T14:37:55Z","timestamp":1742913475517,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"London","reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer London","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781447165231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781447165248"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6524-8_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,29]],"date-time":"2014-08-29T15:09:12Z","timestamp":1409324952000},"page":"185-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation Methodologies"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Chingovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Marcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2009.01.010","volume":"20","author":"RN Rodrigues","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodrigues RN, Ling LL, Govindaraju V (2009) Robustness of multimodal biometric fusion methods against spoofing attacks. J Vis Lang Computing 20(3):169\u2013179","journal-title":"J Vis Lang Computing"},{"key":"10_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson PA, Tan B, Schuckers S (2010) Multimodal fusion vulnerability to non-zero (spoof) imposters. In: IEEE international workshop information forensics and security","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2010.5711469"},{"key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhtar Z, Fumera G, Marcialis GL, Roli F (2011) Robustness evaluation of biometric systems under spoof attacks. In: 16th International conference on image analysis and processing, pp 159\u2013168","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24085-0_17"},{"key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhtar Z, Fumera G, Marcialis GL, Roli F (2011) Robustness analysis of likelihood ration score fusion rule for multi-modal biometric systems under spoof attacks. In: 45th IEEE international carnahan conference on security technology, pp 237\u2013244","DOI":"10.1109\/CCST.2011.6095935"},{"key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhtar Z, Fumera G, Marcialis GL, Roli F (2012) Evaluation of serial and parallel multibiometric systems under spoofing attacks. In: 5th IEEE international conference on biometrics: theory, applications and systems","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2012.6374590"},{"key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villalba J, Lleida E (2011) Preventing replay attacks on speaker verification systems. In: 2011 IEEE international carnahan conference on security technology (ICCST), pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/CCST.2011.6095943"},{"key":"10_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marasco E, Johnson P, Sansone C, Schuckers, S (2011) Increase the security of multibiometric systems by incorporating a spoofing detection algorithm in the fusion mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on multiple classifier systems, pp 309\u2013318","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21557-5_33"},{"key":"10_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marasco E, Ding Y, Ross A (2012) Combining match scores with liveness values in a fingerprint verification system. In: 5th IEEE international conference on biometrics: theory, applications and systems","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2012.6374609"},{"key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chingovska I, Anjos A, Marcel S (2013) Anti-spoofing in action: joint operation with a verification system. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, workshop on biometrics","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.22"},{"key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan G, Sun L, Wu Z, Lao S (2007) Eyeblink-based anti-spoofing in face recognition from a generic webcamera. In: IEEE 11th international conference on computer vision, 2007. ICCV 2007, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409068"},{"key":"10_CR11","unstructured":"Bao W, Li H, Li N, Jiang W (2009) A liveness detection method for face recognition based on optical flow field. In: International conference on Image analysis and signal processing, 2009. IASP 2009, pp 233\u2013236"},{"key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"yan J, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Yi D, Li SZ (2012) Face liveness detection by exploring multiple scenic clues. In: 12th International conference on control, automation, robotics and vision (ICARCV 2012), China","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARCV.2012.6485156"},{"key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan X, Li Y, Liu J, Jiang L (2010) Face liveness detection from a single image with sparse low rank bilinear discriminative model. In: Proceedings of European conference on computer vision (ECCV), LNCS, vol 6316. Springer, pp 504\u2013517","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15567-3_37"},{"issue":"1","key":"10_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2010.11.024","volume":"28","author":"J Galbally","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galbally J, Alonso-Fernandez F, Fierrez J, Ortega-Garcia J (2012) A high performance fingerprint liveness detection method based on quality related features. Future Gener Comput Syst 28(1):311\u2013321","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yambay D, Ghiani L, Denti P, Marcialis G, Roli F, Schuckers S (2012) LivDet 2011\u2014fingerprint liveness detection competition 2011. In: 2012 5th IAPR international conference on biometrics (ICB), pp 208\u2013215","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199810"},{"key":"10_CR16","unstructured":"Mansfield AJ, Wayman JL, Dr Rayner D, Wayman JL (2002) Best practices in testing and reporting performance. NPL Report CMSC"},{"key":"10_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galbally-Herrero J, Fierrez-Aguilar J, Rodriguez-Gonzalez JD, Alonso-Fernandez F, Ortega-Garcia J, Tapiador M (2006) On the vulnerability of fingerprint verification systems to fake fingerprints attacks. In: IEEE international carnahan conference on security technology, pp 169\u2013179","DOI":"10.1109\/CCST.2006.313441"},{"key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Albacete V, Tome-Gonzalez P, Alonso-Fernandez F, Galbally J, Fierrez J, Ortega-Garcia J (2008) Direct attacks using fake images in iris verification. In: Proceedings of COST 2101 workshop on biometrics and identity management, BIOID, Springer, pp 181\u2013190","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89991-4_19"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-010-9316-0","volume":"47","author":"J Galbally","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galbally J, Fierrez J, Alonso-Fernandez F, Martinez-Diaz M (2011) Evaluation of direct attacks to fingerprint verification systems. Telecommunication systems, special issue on biometrics 47(3):243\u2013254","journal-title":"Telecommunication systems, special issue on biometrics"},{"key":"10_CR20","volume-title":"The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction: with 200 full-color illustrations","author":"T Hastie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman JH (2001) The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction: with 200 full-color illustrations. Springer, New York"},{"key":"10_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lui YM, Bolme D, Phillips P, Beveridge J, Draper B (2012) Preliminary studies on the good, the bad, and the ugly face recognition challenge problem. In: 2012 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW), pp 9\u201316","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2012.6239209"},{"key":"10_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcialis GL, Lewicke A, Tan B, Coli P, Grimberg D, Congiu A, Tidu A, Roli F, Schuckers S (2009) First international fingerprint liveness detection competition - livdet 2009. In: Proceeding of IAPR international conference on image analysis and processing (ICIAP), LNCS, vol 5716. pp 12\u201323","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04146-4_4"},{"key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghiani L, Yambay D, Mura V, Tocco S, Marcialis G, Roli F, Schuckers S (2013) Livdet 2013\u2014fingerprint liveness detection competition. In: IEEE International conference on biometrics (ICB)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613027"},{"key":"10_CR24","unstructured":"Zhiwei Z, Yan J, Liu S, Lei Z, Yi D, Li SZ (2012) A face antispoofing database with diverse attacks. In: Proceedings of IAPR international conference on biometrics (ICB), pp 26\u201331"},{"key":"10_CR25","unstructured":"Chingovska I, Anjos A, Marcel S (2012) On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference of the biometrics special interest group (BIOSIG), pp 1\u20137"},{"key":"10_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peixoto B, Michelassi C, Rocha A (2011) Face liveness detection under bad illumination conditions. In: 2011 18th IEEE International conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 3557\u20133560","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2011.6116484"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2005.06.011","volume":"39","author":"N Poh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poh N, Bengio S (2006) Database, protocols and tools for evaluating score-level fusion algorithms in biometric authentication. Pattern Recognit J 39(2):223\u2013233","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit J"},{"key":"10_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin A, Doddington G, Kamm T, Ordowski M (1997) The det curve in assessment of detection task performance. In: Proceedings of eurospeech, pp 1895\u20131898","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1997-504"},{"key":"10_CR29","unstructured":"Bengio S, Keller M, Mari\u00e9thoz J (2003) The expected performance curve. Technical report IDIAP-RR-85-2003, IDIAP"},{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(09)70135-X","volume":"14","author":"L Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang L, Ding X, Fang C (2009) Face live detection method based on physiological motion analysis. Tsinghua Sci Technol 14(6):685\u2013690","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci Technol"},{"key":"10_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yi D, Lei Z, Li S (2011) Face liveness detection by learning multispectral reflectance distributions. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on automatic face gesture recognition and workshops (FG 2011), pp 436\u2013441","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771438"},{"key":"10_CR32","unstructured":"Johnson P, Lazarick R, Marasco E, Newton E, Ross A, Schuckers S (2012) Biometric liveness detection: framework and metrics. In: International biometric performance conference"},{"key":"10_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao X, Tsong Ng T, Qiu B, Chang SF (2010) Single-view recaptured image detection based on physics-based features. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME), Singapore","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2010.5583280"},{"key":"10_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tronci R, Muntoni D, Fadda G, Pili M, Sirena N, Murgia G, Ristori M, Ricerche S, Roli F (2011) Fusion of multiple clues for photo-attack detection in face recognition systems. In: Proceedings of the 2011 international joint conference on biometrics, IJCB \u201911, IEEE Computer Society, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117522"},{"volume-title":"Handbook of biometrics","year":"2008","key":"10_CR35","unstructured":"Jain AK, Flynn P, Ross AA (eds) (2008) Handbook of biometrics. Springer, New York"},{"key":"10_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler A, Schuckers S (2009) Security and liveness, overview. In: Jain AK, Li SZ (eds) Encyclopedia of biometrics. Springer, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73003-5_62"},{"issue":"8","key":"10_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.09.032","volume":"31","author":"J Galbally","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galbally J, Cappelli R, Lumini A, de Rivera GG, Maltoni D, Fi\u00e9rrez J, Ortega-Garcia J, Maio D (2010) An evaluation of direct attacks using fake fingers generated from iso templates. Pattern Recogn Lett 31(8):725\u2013732","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"10_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues R, Kamat N, Govindaraju V (2010) Evaluation of biometric spoofing in a multimodal system. In: 2010 Fourth IEEE international conference on biometrics: theory applications and systems (BTAS)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2010.5634531"},{"key":"10_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Matsumoto H, Yamada K, Hoshino S (2002) Impact of artifical \u201cgummy\u201d fingers on fingerprint systems. In: SPIE Proceedings: optical security and counterfeit deterrence techniques, vol. 4677","DOI":"10.1117\/12.462719"},{"key":"10_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrick P, Aversano G, Blouet R, Charbit M, Chollet G (2005) Voice forgery using alisp: indexation in a client memory. In: Proceedings. (ICASSP \u201905). IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing, 2005, vol 1, pp 17\u201320","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2005.1415039"},{"key":"10_CR41","unstructured":"Alegre F, Vipperla R, Evans N, Fauve B (2012) On the vulnerability of automatic speaker recognition to spoofing attacks with artificial signals. In: Signal processing conference (EUSIPCO), 2012 proceedings of the 20th European, pp 36\u201340"},{"key":"10_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonastre JF, Matrouf D, Fredouille C (2007) Artificial impostor voice transformation effects on false acceptance rates. In: INTERSPEECH, pp 2053\u20132056","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2007-173"}],"container-title":["Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4471-6524-8_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T02:32:14Z","timestamp":1675823534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4471-6524-8_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"ISBN":["9781447165231","9781447165248"],"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4471-6524-8_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-6586","2191-6594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2191-6586"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2191-6594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2014","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}