{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:18:02Z","timestamp":1768699082578,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer New York","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781461466659","type":"print"},{"value":"9781461466666","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6666-6_9","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T00:54:59Z","timestamp":1372121699000},"page":"133-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modeling Complex Concepts with Type-2 Fuzzy Sets: The Case of User Satisfaction of Online Services"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Masoomeh","family":"Moharrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hooman","family":"Tahayori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Sadeghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"9_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.11.026","volume":"180","author":"J Montero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Montero, J., Ruan, D.: Modeling uncertainty. Inf. Sci. 180, 799\u2013802 (2010)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"9_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-009-0008-0","volume":"1","author":"W Pedrycz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pedrycz, W.: Human centricity in computing with fuzzy sets: an interpretability quest for higher order granular constructs. J. Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 1, 65\u201374 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"key":"9_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.06.008","volume":"177","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M.: Computing with words and its relationships with fuzzistics. Inf. Sci. 177, 988\u20131006 (2007)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"9_CR4","volume-title":"Uncertain rule-based fuzzy logic systems: introduction and new directions","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M.: Uncertain rule-based fuzzy logic systems: introduction and new directions. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (2001)"},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2008.2005002","volume":"16","author":"F Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu, F., Mendel, J.M.: Encoding words into interval type-2 fuzzy sets using an interval approach. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 16(6), 1503\u20131521 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"9_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90036-5","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1975","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning-1. Inf. Sci. 8, 199\u2013249 (1975)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"9_CR7","unstructured":"Mendel JM (2003) Fuzzy sets for words: a new beginning. Proc FUZZ-IEEE 37\u201342, St. Louis, MO"},{"key":"9_CR8","unstructured":"Tahayori H, Sadeghian A (2012) Handling uncertainties of membership functions with shadowed fuzzy sets. Proceeding of World Automation Congress, pp. 1\u20135, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico"},{"key":"9_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahayori H, Sadeghian A.: Shadowed fuzzy sets: a framework with more freedom degrees than interval Type-2 fuzzy sets for handling uncertainties and lower computational complexity than general Type-2 fuzzy sets. In: Balas, V.E. et al. (ed.) New Concepts and Applications in Soft Computing, SCI 417, pp. 97\u2013117, Springer, New York (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28959-0_6"},{"key":"9_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tahayori H, Sadeghian A, Pedrycz W.: Induction of shadowed sets based on the Gradual Grade of Fuzziness to be published in IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, doi:10.1109\/TFUZZ.2012.2236843.","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2012.2236843"},{"key":"9_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moharrer M, Tahayori H, Sadeghian A.: Modeling linguistic label perception in tourism E-Satisfaction with Type-2 fuzzy sets. Proceeding of North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) Annual Meeting, pp. 1\u20136, Toronto, Canada (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2010.5548185"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/91.995115","volume":"10","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., John, R.I.: Type-2 fuzzy sets made simple. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 10(2), 117\u2013127 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2006.879986","volume":"14","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., John, R.I., Liu, F.: Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems made simple. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 14(6), 808\u2013821 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR14","first-page":"276","volume":"10","author":"H Tahayori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tahayori, H., Degli Antoni, G.: Operations on concavoconvex Type-2 fuzzy sets. Int J.Fuzzy Syst. 10(4), 276\u2013286 (2008)","journal-title":"Int J.Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"9_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahayori H, Sadeghian A, Visconti A.: Operations on Type-2 Fuzzy Sets based on the set of Pseudo-Highest intersection points of convex Fuzzy Sets. Proceeding of North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) Annual Meeting, pp. 1\u20136, Toronto, Canada (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2010.5548213"},{"key":"9_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahayori H, Tettamanzi AGB, Degli Antoni G.: Approximated Type-2 Fuzzy Set Operations. Proceeding of IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, pp. 1910\u20131917, Vancouver, Canada (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2006.1681965"},{"issue":"21","key":"9_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2009.06.005","volume":"160","author":"H Tahayori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tahayori, H., Tettamanzi, A.G.B., Degli Antoni, G., Visconti, A.: On the calculation of extended Max and Min operations between convex Fuzzy Sets of the real line. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 160(21), 3103\u20133114 (2009)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"7","key":"9_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-009-0462-9","volume":"14","author":"H Tahayori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tahayori, H., Tettamanzi, A.G.B., Degli Antoni, G., Visconti, A., Moharrer, M.: Concave Type-2 fuzzy sets: properties and operations. Soft Comput. J. 14(7), 749\u2013756 (2010)","journal-title":"Soft Comput. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"9_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.29.5.530","volume":"29","author":"JE Bailey","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bailey, J.E., Pearson, S.W.: Development of a tool for measuring and analyzing computer user satisfaction. Manage. Sci. 29(5), 530\u2013545 (1983)","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"9_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4359(00)00035-X","volume":"76","author":"MD Szymansky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Szymansky, M.D., Hise, R.: E-satisfaction: an initial examination. J. Retail. 76(3), 309\u2013322 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Retail."},{"key":"9_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(02)00044-4","volume":"24","author":"JS Akama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akama, J.S., Kieti, D.M.: Measuring tourist satisfaction with Kenya\u2019s safari. Tourism Manag. 24, 73\u201381 (2002)","journal-title":"Tourism Manag."},{"key":"9_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2004.08.002","volume":"80","author":"H Evanschitzky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evanschitzky, H., Gopalkrishnan, R.I., Hesse, J., Ahlert, D.: E-satisfaction: a re-examination. J. Retail. 80, 239\u2013247 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Retail."},{"key":"9_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291575","volume":"39","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kaiser, H.F.: An index of factorial simplicity. Pschometrika 39, 31\u201336 (1974)","journal-title":"Pschometrika"},{"key":"9_CR24","first-page":"268","volume":"160","author":"MS Bartlett","year":"1937","unstructured":"Bartlett, MS.: (1937) Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Royal Stat. Soc. Ser. A 160, 268\u2013282","journal-title":"Royal Stat. Soc. Ser. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"9_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164404266386","volume":"64","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cronbach, L.J., Shavelson, R.J.: My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educ. Psychol. Measur. 64(3), 391\u2013418 (2004)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Measur."},{"key":"9_CR26","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"JC Nunnally","year":"1967","unstructured":"Nunnally, J.C.: Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill, New York (1967)"},{"key":"9_CR27","unstructured":"Moharrer M, Tahayori H.: Clustering E-satisfaction factors in tourism industry. Proceeding of International Conference Information Society, pp. 182\u2013185, Merrillville Indiana, USA (2007)"},{"key":"9_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moharrer M, Tahayori H.: Drivers of customer convenience in electronic tourism industry. Proceeding of IEEE 20th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 836\u2013839, Vancouver, Canada (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.2007.214"},{"key":"9_CR29","unstructured":"Moharrer M, Tahayori H, Albadvi A, Zegordi SH, Perzon H.: Satisfaction in E-Tourism, a case of European Online Customers. Proceeding of IADIS e-Commerce Conference, pp. 303\u2013307, Barcelona, Spain (2006)"},{"key":"9_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moharrer M, Zegordi SH, Tahayori H.: Drivers of customer satisfaction in Electronic Tourism Industry. Proceeding of 24th EuroCHRIE Congress, Thessaloniki, Greece (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.2007.214"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(01)00150-6","volume":"127","author":"IB Turksen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Turksen, I.B.: Type 2 representation and reasoning for CWW. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 127(1), 17\u201336 (2002)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"9_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(94)90182-1","volume":"68","author":"IB Turksen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Turksen, I.B., Willson, I.A.: A fuzzy set preference model for consumer choice. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 68, 253\u2013266 (1994)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"24","key":"9_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.08.015","volume":"178","author":"C Mencar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mencar, C., Fanelli, A.M.: Interpretability constraints for fuzzy information granulation. Inf. Sci. 178(24), 4585\u20134618 (2008)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"9_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/B:REOM.0000032115.22510.b5","volume":"10","author":"D Dubois","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Foulloy, L., Mauris, G., Prade, H.: Probability-possibility transformations, triangular Fuzzy sets, and probabilistic inequalities. Reliable Comput. 10, 273\u2013297 (2004)","journal-title":"Reliable Comput."},{"key":"9_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-2241(00)00036-1","volume":"29","author":"G Mauris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mauris, G., Lasserre, V., Foulloy, L.: A fuzzy approach for the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Measurement 29, 165\u2013177 (2001)","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"5","key":"9_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2009.2024411","volume":"17","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., Liu, F., Zhai, D.: \u03b1-Plane representation for Type-2 fuzzy sets: theory and applications. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 17(5), 1189\u20131207 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."}],"container-title":["Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing","Advances in Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-6666-6_9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T16:05:45Z","timestamp":1675785945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-6666-6_9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"ISBN":["9781461466659","9781461466666"],"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-6666-6_9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-9922","1860-0808"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-9922","type":"print"},{"value":"1860-0808","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2013","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}