{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T11:43:25Z","timestamp":1742989405637,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer New York","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9781461473206"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7320-6_625-1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]],"date-time":"2014-08-21T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1408615680000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computational Models of Neuromodulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Angela J.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"625-1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80174-3","volume":"45","author":"M Ammassari-Teule","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ammassari-Teule M, Maho C, Sara SJ (1991) Clonidine reverses spatial learning deficits and reinstates \u03b8 frequencies in rats with partial fornix section. Behav Brain Res 45:1\u20138","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"625-1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709","volume":"28","author":"G Aston-Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aston-Jones G, Cohen JD (2005) An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance. Annu Rev Neurosci 28:403\u2013450","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"625-1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.20.001391","volume":"20","author":"PW Battaglia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Battaglia PW, Jacobs RA, Aslin RN (2003) Bayesian integration of visual and auditory signals for spatial localization. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 20(7):1391\u20131397","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"},{"issue":"9","key":"625-1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1954","volume":"10","author":"TEJ Behrens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Behrens TEJ, Woolrich MW, Walton ME, Rushworth MFS (2007) Learning the value of information in an uncertain world. Nature Neurosci 10(9):1214\u20131221","journal-title":"Nature Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8","volume":"28","author":"KC Berridge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berridge KC, Robinson TE (1998) What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Rev 28:309\u2013369","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"625-1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.151","volume":"36","author":"Y-L Boureau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boureau Y-L, Dayan P (2011) Opponency revisited: competition and cooperation between dopamine and serotonin. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:74\u201397","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"625-1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.09.029","volume":"199","author":"JD Cohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen JD, Frank MJ (2009) Neurocomputational models of basal ganglia function in learning, memory and choice. Behav Brain Res 199:141\u2013156","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"625-1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10754","volume":"482","author":"JY Cohen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen JY, Haesler S, Vong L, Lowell BB, Uchida N (2012) Neuron-type-specific signals for reward and punishment in the ventral tegmental area. Nature 482:85\u201388","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"625-1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.04.002","volume":"21","author":"R Cools","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cools R (2011) Dopaminergic control of the striatum for high-level cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:402\u2013407","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"625-1_CR10","unstructured":"C\u00f3rdova, Yu, Chiba (2004) Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"625-1_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01635.x","volume":"9","author":"JT Coull","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coull JT, Frith CD, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS, Grasby PM (1997) The neural correlates of the noradrenergic modulation of human attention, arousal and learning. Eur J Neurosci 9(3):589\u2013598","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(02)00052-7","volume":"15","author":"ND Daw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Daw ND, Kakade S, Dayan P (2002) Opponent interactions between serotonin and dopamine. Neural Netw 15:603\u2013616","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"625-1_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.027","volume":"76","author":"P Dayan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dayan P (2012) Twenty-five lessons from computational neuromodulation. Neuron 76:240\u2013256","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"625-1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.1137\/100818005","volume":"51","author":"S Dayanik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dayanik S, Yu AJ (2012) Reward-rate maximization in sequential identification under a stochastic deadline. SIAM J Control Optim 51(4):2922\u20132948","journal-title":"SIAM J Control Optim"},{"key":"625-1_CR15","first-page":"563","volume":"43","author":"JFW Deakin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Deakin JFW (1983) Roles of brain serotonergic neurons in escape, avoidance and other behaviors. J Psychopharmacol 43:563\u2013577","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"625-1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(02)00044-8","volume":"15","author":"K Doya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Doya K (2002) Metalearning and neuromodulation. Neural Netw 15(4\u20136):495\u2013506","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"625-1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227100","volume":"96","author":"C Dyon-Laurent","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dyon-Laurent C, Romand S, Biegon A, Sara SJ (1993) Functional reorganization of the noradrenergic system after partial fornix section: a behavioral and autoradiographic study. Exp Brain Res 96:203\u2013211","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"625-1_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239592","volume":"99","author":"C Dyon-Laurent","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dyon-Laurent C, Herv\u00e9 A, Sara SJ (1994) Noradrenergic hyperactivity in hippocampus after partial denervation: pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological studies. Exp Brain Res 99:259\u2013266","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"6870","key":"625-1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/415429a","volume":"415","author":"MO Ernst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ernst MO, Banks MS (2002) Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature 415(6870):429\u2013433","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"625-1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.011","volume":"73","author":"DF Fotiou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fotiou DF, Stergiou V, Tsiptsios D, Lithari C, Nakou M, Karlovasitou A (2009) Cholinergic deficiency in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease: evaluation with pupillometry. Int J Psychophysiol 73(2):143\u2013149","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"625-1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929052880093","volume":"17","author":"MJ Frank","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frank MJ (2005) Dynamic dopamine modulation in the basal ganglia: a neurocomputational account of cognitive deficits in medicated and nonmedicated Parkinsonism. J Cogn Neurosci 17:51\u201372","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102941","volume":"306","author":"MJ Frank","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frank MJ, Seeberger LC, OReilly RC (2004) By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in Parkinsonism. Science 306:1940\u20131943","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"625-1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2147780","volume":"250","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gerfen CR, Engber TM, Mahan LC, Susel Z, Chase TN, Monsma FJJ, Sibley DR (1990) D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. Science 250:1429\u20131432","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"625-1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.10.2.252","volume":"10","author":"MS Gilzenrat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilzenrat MS, Nieuwenhuis S, Jepma M, Cohen JD (2010) Pupil diameter tracks changes in control state predicted by the adaptive gain theory of locus coeruleus function. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 10:252\u2013269","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR25","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Fundamental neuroscience","author":"JB Hutchins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hutchins JB, Corbett JJ (1997) The visual system. In: Haines DE (ed) Fundamental neuroscience. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 265\u2013284"},{"key":"625-1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00023-5","volume":"31","author":"S Ikemoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ikemoto S, Panksepp J (1999) The role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in motivated behavior: a unifying interpretation with special reference to reward-seeking. Brain Res Rev 31:6\u201341","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"625-1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21548","volume":"23","author":"M Jepma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jepma M, Nieuwenhuis S (2011) Pupil diameter predicts changes in the exploration-exploitation trade-off: evidence for the adaptive gain theory. J Cogn Neurosci 23:1587\u20131596","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230200900205","volume":"9","author":"J Johnson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnson J, Li W, Li J, Klopf A (2001) A computational model of learned avoidance behavior in a one-way avoidance experiment. Adapt Behav 9:91","journal-title":"Adapt Behav"},{"key":"625-1_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02169","volume":"427","author":"KP K\u00f6rding","year":"2004","unstructured":"K\u00f6rding KP, Wolpert DM (2004) Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learning. Nature 427:244\u2013247","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"625-1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3100","volume":"15","author":"AV Kravitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kravitz AV, Tye LD, Kreitzer AC (2012) Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement. Nat Neurosci 15:816\u2013818","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"625-1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00002-5","volume":"19","author":"JT Little","year":"1998","unstructured":"Little JT, Johnson DN, Minichiello M, Weingartner H, Sunderland T (1998) Combined nicotinic and muscarinic blockade in elderly normal volunteers: cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses. Neuropsychopharmacology 19(1):60\u201369","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"625-1_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3758\/LB.38.1.50","volume":"38","author":"TV Maia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maia TV (2010) Two-factor theory, the actor-critic model, and conditioned avoidance. Learn Behav 38:50\u201367","journal-title":"Learn Behav"},{"key":"625-1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00177-2","volume":"26","author":"SM McClure","year":"2003","unstructured":"McClure SM, Daw ND, Montague PR (2003) A computational substrate for incentive salience. Trends Neurosci 26:423\u2013428","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3714-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"K Miyazaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyazaki K, Miyazaki KW, Doya K (2011) Activation of dorsal Raphe serotonin neurons underlies waiting for delayed rewards. J Neurosci 31:469\u2013479","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01936.1996","volume":"16","author":"PR Montague","year":"1996","unstructured":"Montague PR, Dayan P, Sejnowski TJ (1996) A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive hebbian learning. J Neurosci 16:1936\u20131947","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/09548980802192784","volume":"19","author":"M Moutoussis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moutoussis M, Bentall RP, Williams J, Dayan P (2008) A temporal difference account of avoidance learning. Network 19:137\u2013160","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"625-1_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.127106","volume":"13","author":"A Murschall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murschall A, Hauber W (2006) Inactivation of the ventral tegmental area abolished the general excitatory influence of Pavlovian cues on instrumental performance. Learn Mem 13:123\u2013126","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"625-1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5360","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4853-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Hikosaka O (2006) Role of dopamine in the primate caudate nucleus in reward modulation of saccades. J Neurosci 26:5360\u20135369","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3130","volume":"15","author":"MR Nassar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nassar MR, Rumsey KM, Wilson RC, Parikh K, Heasly B, Gold JI (2012) Rational regulation of learning dynamics by pupil-linked arousal systems. Nat Neurosci 15:1040\u20131046","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0502-4","volume":"191","author":"Y Niv","year":"2007","unstructured":"Niv Y, Daw ND, Joel D, Dayan P (2007) Tonic dopamine: opportunity cost and the control of response vigor. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191:507\u2013520","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"625-1_CR41","first-page":"99","volume":"1","author":"SJ Sara","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sara SJ (1989) Noradrenergic-cholinergic interaction: its possible role in memory dysfunction associated with senile dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl 1:99\u2013108","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl"},{"key":"625-1_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229009","volume":"89","author":"SJ Sara","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sara SJ, Dyon-Laurent C, Guibert B, Leviel V (1992) Noradrenergic hyperactivity after fornix section: role in cholinergic dependent memory performance. Exp Brain Res 89:125\u2013132","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"625-1_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9913","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-30-09913.2003","volume":"23","author":"T Satoh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Satoh T, Nakai S, Sat T, Kimura M (2003) Correlated coding of motivation and outcome of decision by dopamine neurons. J Neurosci 23:9913\u20139923","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593","volume":"275","author":"W Schultz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR (1997) A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science 275:1593\u20131599","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"625-1_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.09.058","volume":"171","author":"JV Schweimer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schweimer JV, Ungless MA (2010) Phasic responses in dorsal raphe serotonin neurons to noxious stimuli. Neuroscience 171:1209\u20131215","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"625-1_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00608-8","volume":"86","author":"Y Smith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith Y, Bevan MD, Shink E, Bolam JP (1998) Microcircuitry of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia. Neuroscience 86:353\u2013387","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"625-1_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.008","volume":"30","author":"DJ Surmeier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Surmeier DJ, Ding J, Day M, Wang Z, Shen W (2007) D1 and D2 dopamine receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons. Trends Neurosci 30:228\u2013235","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"625-1_CR48","first-page":"149","volume":"183","author":"DJ Surmeier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Surmeier DJ, Shen W, Day M, Gertler T, Chan S, Tian X, Plotkin JL (2010) The role of dopamine in modulating the structure and function of striatal circuits. Prog Brain Res 183:149\u2013167","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"625-1_CR49","first-page":"9","volume":"3","author":"RS Sutton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sutton RS (1988) Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences. Mach Learn 3(1):9\u201344","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"625-1_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4028-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"D Talmi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talmi D, Seymour B, Dayan P, Dolan RJ (2008) Human Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. J Neurosci 28:360\u2013368","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"625-1_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.10.061","volume":"152","author":"CM Thiel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thiel CM, Fink GR (2008) Effects of the cholinergic agonist nicotine on reorienting of visual spatial attention and top-down attentional control. Neuroscience 152(2):381\u2013390","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"625-1_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093360","volume":"303","author":"MA Ungless","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ungless MA, Magill PJ, Bolam JP (2004) Uniform inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area by aversive stimuli. Science 303:2040\u20132042","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"625-1_CR53","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 15","author":"AJ Yu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yu AJ, Dayan P (2003) Expected and unexpected uncertainty: ACh and NE in the neocortex. In: Becker STS, Obermayer K (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems 15. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 157\u2013164"},{"key":"625-1_CR54","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 17","author":"AJ Yu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu AJ, Dayan P (2005a) Inference, attention, and decision in a Bayesian neural architecture. In: Saul LK, Weiss Y, Bottou L (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems 17. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA"},{"key":"625-1_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.04.026","volume":"46","author":"AJ Yu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu AJ, Dayan P (2005b) Uncertainty, neuromodulation, and attention. Neuron 46:681\u2013692","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-7320-6_625-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T07:49:35Z","timestamp":1674546575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-7320-6_625-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"ISBN":["9781461473206"],"references-count":55,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-7320-6_625-1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2014, 15:32:00","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"26 February 2014, 15:32:00","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"13 March 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}