{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T16:10:33Z","timestamp":1746115833189,"version":"3.40.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY","reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer New York","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781461484820"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781461484837"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8483-7_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T10:37:18Z","timestamp":1385116638000},"page":"295-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surveillance of Crowded Environments: Modeling the Crowd by Its Global Properties"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Antoni B.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","volume-title":"A Lagrangian particle dynamics approach for crowd flow segmentation and stability analysis","author":"S. Ali","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ali, S., Shah, M.: A Lagrangian particle dynamics approach for crowd flow segmentation and stability analysis. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2007)"},{"key":"12_CR2","volume-title":"Multiple kernel learning, conic duality, and the SMO algorithm","author":"F. Bach","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bach, F., Lanckriet, G., Jordan, M.: Multiple kernel learning, conic duality, and the SMO algorithm. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, ACM Press (2004)"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.928165","volume":"7","author":"Z. Bar-Joseph","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bar-Joseph, Z., El-Yaniv, R., Lischinski, D., Werman, M.: Texture mixing and texture movie synthesis using statistical learning. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 7(2), 120\u2013135 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420984","volume":"12","author":"J. Barron","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barron, J., Fleet, D., Beauchemin, S.: Performance of optical flow techniques. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 12, 43\u201377 (1994)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"12_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9892.2005.00441.x","volume":"26","author":"D. Bauer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bauer, D.: Comparing the CCA subspace method to pseudo maximum likelihood methods in the case of no exogenous inputs. J. Time Ser. Anal. 26, 631\u2013668 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Time Ser. Anal."},{"key":"12_CR6","unstructured":"Bissacco, A., Chiuso, A., Ma, Y., Soatto, S.: Recognition of human gaits. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 20, IEEE (2001)"},{"key":"12_CR7","first-page":"594","volume":"1","author":"G.J. Brostow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brostow, G.J., Cipolla, R.: Unsupervised Bayesian detection of independent motion in crowds. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol\u00a01, pp.\u00a0594\u2013601 (2006)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol"},{"key":"12_CR8","volume-title":"A system theoretic approach to synthesis and classification of lip articulation","author":"E. Cetingul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cetingul, E., Chaudhry, R., Vidal, R.: A system theoretic approach to synthesis and classification of lip articulation. In: International Workshop on Dynamical Vision, Springer LNCS (2007)"},{"key":"12_CR9","unstructured":"Chan, A.B.: Beyond dynamic textures: a family of stochastic dynamical models for video with applications to computer vision. PhD thesis, UCSD (2008)"},{"key":"12_CR10","volume-title":"Generalized gaussian process models","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Dong, D.: Generalized gaussian process models. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2011)"},{"key":"12_CR11","first-page":"846","volume":"1","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Vasconcelos, N.: Probabilistic kernels for the classification of auto-regressive visual processes. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a0846\u2013851 (2005)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR12","volume-title":"Classifying video with kernel dynamic textures","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Vasconcelos, N.: Classifying video with kernel dynamic textures. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2007)"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70738","volume":"30","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Vasconcelos, N.: Modeling, clustering, and segmenting video with mixtures of dynamic textures. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30(5), 909\u2013926 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR14","volume-title":"Bayesian Poisson regression for crowd counting","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Vasconcelos, N.: Bayesian Poisson regression for crowd counting. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE (2009a)"},{"key":"12_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Vasconcelos, N.: Layered dynamic textures. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.: Spec. Issue Probab. Graph. Models Comput. Vis. 31(10), 1862\u20131879 (2009b)","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.110"},{"key":"12_CR16","volume-title":"Variational layered dynamic textures","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Vasconcelos, N.: Variational layered dynamic textures. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2009c)"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2172800","volume":"21","author":"A. Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan, A., Vasconcelos, N.: Counting people with low-level features and Bayesian regression. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(4), 2160\u20132177 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"12_CR18","volume-title":"Privacy preserving crowd monitoring: counting people without people models or tracking","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Liang, Z.S.J., Vasconcelos, N.: Privacy preserving crowd monitoring: counting people without people models or tracking. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2008)"},{"key":"12_CR19","unstructured":"Chan, A., Morrow, M., Vasconcelos, N.: Analysis of crowded scenes using holistic properties. In: 11th IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS\u201909) (online) (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR20","volume-title":"Clustering dynamic textures with the hierarchical EM algorithm","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Coviello, E., Lanckriet, G.R.G.: Clustering dynamic textures with the hierarchical EM algorithm. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2010a)"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-010-0262-3","volume":"22","author":"A.B. Chan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chan, A.B., Mahadevan, V., Vasconcelos, N.: Generalized Stauffer-Grimson background subtraction for dynamic scenes. Mach. Vis. Appl. 22(5) 751\u2013766 (2011)","journal-title":"Mach. Vis. Appl."},{"key":"12_CR22","volume-title":"Histograms of oriented optical flow and Binet-Cauchy kernels on nonlinear dynamical systems for the recognition of human actions","author":"R. Chaudry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaudry, R., Ravichandran, A., Hager, G., Vidal, R.: Histograms of oriented optical flow and Binet-Cauchy kernels on nonlinear dynamical systems for the recognition of human actions. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.775269","volume":"29","author":"S.Y. Cho","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cho, S.Y., Chow, T.W.S., Leung, C.T.: A neural-based crowd estimation by hybrid global learning algorithm. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 29, 535\u2013541 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"12_CR24","unstructured":"Cock, K.D., Moor, B.D.: Subspace angles between linear stochastic models. In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Proceedings, IEEE, pp.\u00a01561\u20131566 (2000)"},{"key":"12_CR25","volume-title":"Flow mosaicking: real-time pedestrian counting without scene-specific learning","author":"Y. Cong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cong, Y., Gong, H., Zhu, S.C., Tang, Y.: Flow mosaicking: real-time pedestrian counting without scene-specific learning. In: IEEE CVPR, IEEE (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR26","volume-title":"Spatial segmentation of temporal texture using mixture linear models","author":"L. Cooper","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cooper, L., Liu, J., Huang, K.: Spatial segmentation of temporal texture using mixture linear models. In: Dynamical Vision Workshop in the IEEE International Conference of Computer Vision, Springer LNCS (2005)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.910956","volume":"17","author":"R. Costantini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costantini, R., Sbaiz, L., S\u00fcsstrunk, S.: Higher order SVD analysis for dynamic texture synthesis. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 17(1), 42\u201352 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"12_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611","volume-title":"Elements of Information Theory","author":"T. Cover","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cover, T., Thomas, J.: Elements of Information Theory. Wiley, New York (1991)"},{"key":"12_CR29","first-page":"886","volume":"2","author":"N. Dalal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dalal, N., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0886\u2013893 (2005)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:19950106","volume":"7","author":"A.C. Davies","year":"1995","unstructured":"Davies, A.C., Yin, J.H., Velastin, S.A.: Crowd monitoring using image processing. Electron. Commun. Eng. J. 7, 37\u201347 (1995)","journal-title":"Electron. Commun. Eng. J."},{"key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"A.P. Dempster","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 39, 1\u201338 (1977)","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B"},{"key":"12_CR32","volume-title":"Fast crowd segmentation using shape indexing","author":"L. Dong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dong, L., Parameswaran, V., Ramesh, V., Zoghlami, I.: Fast crowd segmentation using shape indexing. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE (2007)"},{"issue":"12","key":"12_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.243","volume":"28","author":"G. Doretto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doretto, G., Soatto, S.: Dynamic shape and appearance models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(12), 2006\u20132019 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021669406132","volume":"51","author":"G. Doretto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doretto, G., Chiuso, A., Wu, Y.N., Soatto, S.: Dynamic textures. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 51(2), 91\u2013109 (2003a)","journal-title":"Dynamic textures. Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238632","volume":"2","author":"G. Doretto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doretto, G., Cremers, D., Favaro, P., Soatto, S.: Dynamic texture segmentation. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a01236\u20131242 (2003b)","journal-title":"In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doretto, G., Jones, E., Soatto, S.: Spatially homogeneous dynamic textures. In: ECCV, Springer-Verlag LNCS 3021\u20133024 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24671-8_47"},{"key":"12_CR37","volume-title":"A discriminatively trained, multiscale, deformable part model","author":"P. Felzenszwalb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Felzenszwalb, P., McAllester, D., Ramanan, D.: A discriminatively trained, multiscale, deformable part model. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2008)"},{"key":"12_CR38","first-page":"662","volume":"1","author":"A.W. Fitzgibbon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fitzgibbon, A.W.: Stochastic rigidity: image registration for nowhere-static scenes. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE, vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a0662\u2013670 (2001)","journal-title":"In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR39","volume-title":"Applied Optimal Estimation","author":"A. Gelb","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gelb, A.: Applied Optimal Estimation. MIT, Cambridge (1974)"},{"key":"12_CR40","volume-title":"Phase based modelling of dynamic textures","author":"B. Ghanem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghanem, B., Ahuja, N.: Phase based modelling of dynamic textures. In: IEEE Internationl Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE (2007)"},{"key":"12_CR41","volume-title":"Segmenting dynamic textures with Ising descriptors, ARX models and level sets","author":"A. Ghoreyshi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ghoreyshi, A., Vidal, R.: Segmenting dynamic textures with Ising descriptors, ARX models and level sets. In: Dynamical Vision Workshop in the European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer LNCS (2006)"},{"key":"12_CR42","volume-title":"Robot Vision","author":"B.K.P. Horn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Horn, B.K.P.: Robot Vision. McGraw-Hill, New York (1986)"},{"key":"12_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90024-2","volume":"17","author":"B. Horn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Horn, B., Schunk, B.: Determining optical flow. Artif. Intell. 17, 185\u2013204 (1981)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR44","volume-title":"Detecting global motion patterns in complex videos","author":"M. Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu, M., Ali, S., Shah, M.: Detecting global motion patterns in complex videos. In: IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2008a)"},{"key":"12_CR45","volume-title":"Learning motion patterns in crowded scenes using motion flow field","author":"M. Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu, M., Ali, S., Shah, M.: Learning motion patterns in crowded scenes using motion flow field. In: IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2008b)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008078328650","volume":"29","author":"M. Isard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Isard, M., Blake, A.: Condensation \u2013 conditional density propagation for visual tracking. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 29(1), 5\u201328 (1998)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"12_CR47","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory","author":"S.M. Kay","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kay, S.M.: Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (1993)"},{"key":"12_CR48","volume-title":"Counting pedestrians in crowds using viewpoint invariant training","author":"D. Kong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kong, D., Gray, D., Tao, H.: Counting pedestrians in crowds using viewpoint invariant training. In: British Machine Vision Conference, BMVA (2005)"},{"key":"12_CR49","first-page":"27","volume":"5","author":"G. Lanckriet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lanckriet, G., Cristianini, N., Bartlett, P., Ghaoui, L.E., Jordan, M.: Learning the kernel matrix with semidefinite programming. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 5, 27\u201372 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"12_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.1990.203665","volume":"2","author":"W.E. Larimore","year":"1990","unstructured":"Larimore, W.E.: Canonical variate analysis in identification, filtering, and adaptive control. In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0596\u2013604 (1990)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR51","first-page":"875","volume":"1","author":"B. Leibe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leibe, B., Seemann, E., Schiele, B.: Pedestrian detection in crowded scenes. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a0875\u2013885 (2005)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR52","volume-title":"Coupled detection and trajectory estimation for multi-object tracking","author":"B. Leibe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leibe, B., Schindler, K., Van Gool, L.: Coupled detection and trajectory estimation for multi-object tracking. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE (2007)"},{"key":"12_CR53","volume-title":"Learning to count objects in images","author":"V. Lempitsky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lempitsky, V., Zisserman, A.: Learning to count objects in images. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS (2010)"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.983420","volume":"31","author":"S.F. Lin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lin, S.F., Chen, J.Y., Chao, H.X.: Estimation of number of people in crowded scenes using perspective transformation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 31(6), 645\u2013654 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"12_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C.B., Lin, R.S., Ahuja, N., Yang, M.H.: Dynamic texture synthesis as nonlinear manifold learning and traversing. In: British Machine Vision Conference, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0859\u2013868. BMVA (2006)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.20.88"},{"key":"12_CR56","unstructured":"Lucas, B., Kanade, T.: An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. In: Proceeding on DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, pp.\u00a0121\u2013130. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, (1981)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.112","volume":"32","author":"V. Mahadevan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahadevan, V., Vasconcelos, N.: Spatiotemporal saliency in highly dynamic scenes. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(1), 171\u2013177 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahadevan, V., Li, W., Bhalodia, V., Vasconcelos, N.: Anomaly detection in crowded scenes. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539872"},{"key":"12_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marana, A.N., Costa, L.F., Lotufo, R.A., Velastin, S.A.: On the efficacy of texture analysis for crowd monitoring. In: IEEE Proceedings of Computer Graphics, Image Processing, and Vision, IEEE, pp.\u00a0354\u2013361 (1998)","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBGRA.1998.722773"},{"key":"12_CR60","first-page":"3521","volume":"6","author":"A.N. Marana","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marana, A.N., Costa, L.F., Lotufo, R.A., Velastin, S.A.: Estimating crowd density with minkoski fractal dimension. In: IEEE Proceedings of International Conference Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, IEEE, vol.\u00a06, pp.\u00a03521\u20133524 (1999)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Proceedings of International Conference Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, IEEE"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1109\/78.827549","volume":"48","author":"R.J. Martin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Martin, R.J.: A metric for ARMA processes. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 48(4), 1164\u20131170 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"12_CR62","volume-title":"Abnormal crowd behavior detection using social force model","author":"R. Mehran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mehran, R., Oyama, A., Shah, M.: Abnormal crowd behavior detection using social force model. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR63","volume-title":"A streakline representation of flow in crowded scenes","author":"R. Mehran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mehran, R., Moore, B., Shah, M.: A streakline representation of flow in crowded scenes. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS (2010)"},{"key":"12_CR64","volume-title":"Background modeling and subtraction of dynamic scenes","author":"A. Monnet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monnet, A., Mittal, A., Paragios, N., Ramesh, V.: Background modeling and subtraction of dynamic scenes. In: CVPR, IEEE (2003)"},{"key":"12_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(94)90230-5","volume":"30","author":"P.V. Overschee","year":"1994","unstructured":"Overschee, P.V., Moor, B.D.: N4SID: subspace algorithms for the identification of combined deterministic-stochastic systems. Automatica 30, 75\u201393 (1994)","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"12_CR66","first-page":"1034","volume":"1","author":"N. Paragios","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paragios, N., Ramesh, V.: A MRF-based approach for real-time subway monitoring. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a01034\u20131040 (2001)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polana, R., Nelson, R.C.: Recognition of motion from temporal texture. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp.\u00a0129\u2013134 (1992)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1992.223216"},{"key":"12_CR68","volume-title":"Counting crowded moving objects","author":"V. Rabaud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rabaud, V., Belongie, S.J.: Counting crowded moving objects. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2006)"},{"key":"12_CR69","volume-title":"Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning","author":"C.E. Rasmussen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rasmussen, C.E., Williams, C.K.I.: Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning. MIT, Cambridge (2006)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.61","volume":"33","author":"A. Ravichandran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ravichandran, A., Vidal, R.: Video registration using dynamic textures. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(1), pp. 158\u2013171 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR71","unstructured":"Ravichandran, A., Chaudhry, R., Vidal, R.: View-invariant dynamic texture recognition using a bag of dynamical systems. Video Registration using Dynamic Textures. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE 33(1) 158\u2013171 (2011)"},{"key":"12_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(96)00075-8","volume":"53","author":"C.S. Regazzoni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Regazzoni, C.S., Tesei, A.: Distributed data fusion for real-time crowding estimation. Signal Process. 53, 47\u201363 (1996)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"12_CR73","first-page":"58","volume":"2","author":"P. Saisan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saisan, P., Doretto, G., Wu, Y., Soatto, S.: Dynamic texture recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a058\u201363 (2001)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR74","volume-title":"Scene understanding by statistical modeling of motion patterns","author":"I. Saleemi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saleemi, I., Hartung, L., Shah, M.: Scene understanding by statistical modeling of motion patterns. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE (2010)"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9892.1982.tb00349.x","volume":"3","author":"R.H. Shumway","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shumway, R.H., Stoffer, D.S.: An approach to time series smoothing and forecasting using the EM algorithm. J. Time Ser. Anal. 3(4), 253\u2013264 (1982)","journal-title":"J. Time Ser. Anal."},{"key":"12_CR76","volume-title":"A constraint generation approach to learning stable linear dynamical systems","author":"S.M. Siddiqi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siddiqi, S.M., Boots, B., Gordon, G.J.: A constraint generation approach to learning stable linear dynamical systems. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS (2007)"},{"key":"12_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.560871","volume":"3","author":"M. Szummer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Szummer, M., Picard, R.: Temporal texture modeling. In: IEEE Conference on Image Processing, IEEE, vol.\u00a03, pp.\u00a0823\u2013826 (1996)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Image Processing, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0","volume-title":"The nature of statistical learning theory","author":"V.N. Vapnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vapnik, V.N.: The nature of statistical learning theory. Springer, New York (1995)"},{"key":"12_CR79","volume-title":"Online clustering of moving hyperplanes","author":"R. Vidal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vidal, R.: Online clustering of moving hyperplanes. In: Neural Information and Processing Systems, NIPS (2006)"},{"key":"12_CR80","unstructured":"Vidal, R., Favaro, P.: Dynamicboost: boosting time series generated by dynamical systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR81","first-page":"516","volume":"2","author":"R. Vidal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vidal, R., Ravichandran, A.: Optical flow estimation & segmentation of multiple moving dynamic textures. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0516\u2013521 (2005)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-005-6644-8","volume":"63","author":"P. Viola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viola, P., Jones, M., Snow, D.: Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 63(2), 153\u2013161 (2005)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-9352-0","volume":"73","author":"S.V.N. Vishwanathan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vishwanathan, S.V.N., Smola, A.J., Vidal, R.: Binet-cauchy kernels on dynamical systems and its application to the analysis of dynamic scenes. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 73(1), 95\u2013119 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1109\/83.334981","volume":"3","author":"J. Wang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wang, J., Adelson, E.: Representing moving images with layers. IEEE Trans. Image Proc. 3(5), 625\u2013638 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Proc."},{"key":"12_CR85","unstructured":"Washington State Department of Transportation. http:\/\/www.wsdot.wa.gov (2005)"},{"key":"12_CR86","volume-title":"Shift-invariant dynamic texture recognition","author":"F. Woolfe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woolfe, F., Fitzgibbon, A.: Shift-invariant dynamic texture recognition. In: ECCV, Springer LNCS (2006)"},{"key":"12_CR87","first-page":"90","volume":"1","author":"B. Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu, B., Nevatia, R.: Detection of multiple, partially occluded humans in a single image by bayesian combination of edgelet part detectors. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE, vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a090\u201397 (2005)","journal-title":"In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR88","volume-title":"Video scene understanding using multi-scale analysis","author":"Y. Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Liu, J., Shah, M.: Video scene understanding using multi-scale analysis. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, L., Wen, F., Liu, C., Shum, H.Y.: Synthesizing dynamic textures with closed-loop linear dynamic systems. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp.\u00a0603\u2013616. Springer LNCS (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24671-8_48"},{"key":"12_CR90","first-page":"459","volume":"2","author":"T. Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao, T., Nevatia, R.: Bayesian human segmentation in crowded situations. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, vol.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0459\u2013466 (2003)","journal-title":"In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR91","volume-title":"Segmenting foreground objects from a dynamic textured background via a robust Kalman filter","author":"J. Zhong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhong, J., Sclaroff, S.: Segmenting foreground objects from a dynamic textured background via a robust Kalman filter. In: IEEE ICCV, IEEE (2003)"}],"container-title":["The International Series in Video Computing","Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-8483-7_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T22:50:52Z","timestamp":1746053452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-8483-7_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"ISBN":["9781461484820","9781461484837"],"references-count":91,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-8483-7_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1571-5205"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1571-5205"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2013","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}