{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:50:21Z","timestamp":1761519021445,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Boston, MA","reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer US","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781461379195"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781461563556"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6355-6_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,16]],"date-time":"2011-09-16T06:03:08Z","timestamp":1316152988000},"page":"73-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Approach to the incidentally discovered pituitary mass"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Molitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-6-940","volume":"98","author":"PM Copeland","year":"1983","unstructured":"Copeland PM. 1983. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. Ann Intern Med 98:940\u2013945.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR2","first-page":"866","volume":"92","author":"GW Geelhoed","year":"1982","unstructured":"Geelhoed GW, Druy EM. 1982. Management of the adrenal \u2018incidentaloma.\u2019 Surgery 92:866\u2013874.","journal-title":"Management of the adrenal \u2018incidentaloma.\u2019 Surgery"},{"key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.144.1.7089241","volume":"144","author":"EF Chambers","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chambers EF, Turski PA, LaMasters D, Newton TH. 1982. Regions of low density in the contrast-enhanced pituitary gland: Normal and pathologic processes. Radiology 144:109\u2013113.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR4","first-page":"263","volume":"5","author":"SM Wolpert","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wolpert SM, Molitch ME, Goldman JA, Wood JB. 1984. Size, shape and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland. Am J Neuroradiol 5:263\u2013267.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.2.6484177","volume":"153","author":"L Mark","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mark L, Pech P, Daniels D, Charles C, Williams A, Haughton V. 1984. The pituitary fossa: A correlative anatomic and MR study. Radiology 153:453\u2013457.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00327890","volume":"28","author":"RG Peyster","year":"1986","unstructured":"Peyster RG, Adler LP, Viscarello RR, Hoover ED, Skarzynski J. 1986. CT of the normal pituitary gland. Neuroradiology 28:161\u2013165.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"5_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-12-925","volume":"112","author":"ME Molitch","year":"1990","unstructured":"Molitch ME, Russell EJ. 1990. The pituitary incidentaloma. Ann Intern Med 112:925\u2013931.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440200076026","volume":"263","author":"M Reincke","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reincke M, Allolio B, Saeger W, Menzel J, Winkelmann W. 1990. The \u2018incidentaloma\u2019 of the pituitary gland. Is neurosurgery required? JAMA 263:2772\u20132776.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5_CR9","first-page":"675","volume":"15","author":"BW Chong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chong BW, Kucharczyk AW, Singer W, George S. 1994. Pituitary gland MR: A comparative study of healthy volunteers and patients with microadenomas. Am J Neuroradiol 15:675\u2013679.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00001","volume":"120","author":"WA Hall","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hall WA, Luciano MG, Doppman JL, Patronas NJ, Oldfield EH. 1994. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: Occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med 120:817\u2013820.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430020067008","volume":"153","author":"LE Donovan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Donovan LE, Corenblum B. 1995. The natural history of the pituitary incidentaloma. Arch Intern Med 153:181\u2013183.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30464-X","volume":"16","author":"SM Wolpert","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wolpert SM. 1987. The radiology of pituitary adenomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:553\u2013584.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451394","volume":"187","author":"AD Elster","year":"1993","unstructured":"Elster AD. 1993. Modern imaging of the pituitary. Radiology 187:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30466-3","volume":"16","author":"KD Post","year":"1987","unstructured":"Post KD, McCormick PC, Bello JA. 1987. Differential diagnosis of pituitary tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:609\u2013645.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30463-8","volume":"16","author":"K Kovacs","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kovacs K, Horvath E. 1987. Pathology of pituitary tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:529\u2013551.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30465-1","volume":"16","author":"O Melen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Melen O. 1987. Neuro-ophthalmologic features of pituitary tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:585\u2013608.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30474-2","volume":"16","author":"A Klibanski","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klibanski A. 1987. Nonsecreting pituitary tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:793\u2013804.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR18","first-page":"559","volume-title":"The Pituitary","author":"PJ Snyder","year":"1995","unstructured":"Snyder PJ. 1995. Gonadotroph adenomas. In Melmed S, ed. The Pituitary. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science, pp 559\u2013575."},{"key":"5_CR19","first-page":"617","volume":"98","author":"E Horvath","year":"1980","unstructured":"Horvath E, Kovacs K, Killinger DW, Smyth HS, Platts ME, Singer W. 1980. Silent corticotrophic adenomas of the human pituitary gland: A histologic, immunocytologic, and ultrastructural study. Am J Pathol 98:617\u2013638.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"5_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.6.0806","volume":"66","author":"A Klibanski","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klibanski A, Zervas NT, Kovacs K, Ridgway EC. 1987. Clinical silent hypersecretion of growth hormone in patients with pituitary tumors. J Neurosurg 66:806\u2013811.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.76.2.352","volume":"76","author":"S Yamada","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yamada S, Sano T, Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K, Aiba T, Sawano S, Shishiba Y. 1993. Endocrine and morphological study of a clinical silent somatotroph adenoma of the human pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:352\u2013356.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01881.x","volume":"42","author":"JK Powrie","year":"1995","unstructured":"Powrie JK, Powell M, Ayers AB, Lowy C, S\u00f6nksen PH. 1995. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: Magnetic resonance imaging features of two new cases and a review of the literature. Clin Endocrinol 42:315\u2013322.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"5_CR23","first-page":"1215","volume":"2","author":"W Susman","year":"1933","unstructured":"Susman W. 1933. Pituitary adenoma. Br Med J 2:1215.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5_CR24","first-page":"205","volume":"12","author":"RT Costello","year":"1936","unstructured":"Costello RT. 1936. Subclinical adenoma of the pituitary gland. Am J Pathol 12:205\u2013215.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"5_CR25","first-page":"588","volume":"8","author":"SC Sommers","year":"1959","unstructured":"Sommers SC. 1959. Pituitary cell relations to body states. Lab Invest 8:588\u2013621.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"5_CR26","first-page":"231","volume":"92","author":"WF McCormick","year":"1971","unstructured":"McCormick WF, Halmi NS. 1971. Absence of chromophobe adenomas from a large series of pituitary tumors. Arch Pathol 92:231\u2013238.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"5_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/35.1.16","volume":"35","author":"K Kovacs","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kovacs K, Ryan N, Horvath E. 1980. Pituitary adenomas in old age. J Gerontol 35:16\u201322.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"5_CR28","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Pituitary Microadenomas","author":"AM Landolt","year":"1980","unstructured":"Landolt AM. 1980. Biology of pituitary microadenomas. In Faglia G, Giovanelli MA, MacLeod RM, eds. Pituitary Microadenomas. New York: Academic Press, pp 107\u2013122."},{"key":"5_CR29","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Pituitary Microadenomas","author":"L Mosca","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mosca L, Solcia E, Capella C, Buffa R. 1980. Pituitary adenomas: Surgical versus post-mortem findings today. In Faglia G, Giovanelli MA, MacLeod RM, eds. Pituitary Microadenomas. New York: Academic Press, pp 137\u2013142."},{"key":"5_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198101153040306","volume":"304","author":"GN Burrows","year":"1981","unstructured":"Burrows GN, Wortzman G, Rewcastle NB, Holgate RC, Kovacs K. 1981. Microadenomas of the pituitary and abnormal sellar tomograms in an unselected autopsy series. N Engl J Med 304:156\u2013158.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.2.0228","volume":"54","author":"AD Parent","year":"1981","unstructured":"Parent AD, Bebin J, Smith RR. 1981. Incidental pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 54:228\u2013231.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00342982","volume":"21","author":"C Muhr","year":"1981","unstructured":"Muhr C, Bergstrom K, Grimelius L, Larsson SG. 1981. A parallel study of the roentgen anatomy of the sella turcica and the histopathology of the pituitary gland in 205 autopsy specimens. Neuroradiology 21:55\u201365.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"5_CR33","first-page":"495","volume":"126","author":"G Schwezinger","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schwezinger G, Warzok R. 1982. Hyperplasien und adenome der hypophyse im unselektierten sektionsgut. Zentralbi Allg Pathol 126:495\u2013498.","journal-title":"Zentralbi Allg Pathol"},{"key":"5_CR34","first-page":"2747","volume":"59","author":"G Coulon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Coulon G, Fellmann D, Arbez-Gindre F, Pageuat G. 1983. Les adenome hypophysaires latents. Etude autopsique. Semin Hop Paris 59:2747\u20132750.","journal-title":"Semin Hop Paris"},{"key":"5_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(84)90040-5","volume":"22","author":"MG Siqueira","year":"1984","unstructured":"Siqueira MG, Guembarovski AL. 1984. Subclinical pituitary microadenomas. Surg Neurol 22:134\u2013140.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"5_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1170361","volume":"117","author":"MWA El-Hamid","year":"1988","unstructured":"El-Hamid MWA, Joplin GF, Lewis PD. 1988. Incidentally found small pituitary adenomas may have no effect on fertility. Acta Endocrinol 117:361\u2013364.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"5_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)64976-3","volume":"64","author":"BW Scheithauer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scheithauer BW, Kovacs KT, Randall RV, Ryan N. 1989. Effects of estrogen on the human pituitary: A clinicopathologic study. Mayo Clin Proc 64:1077\u20131084.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60925-2","volume":"67","author":"F Marin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marin F, Kovacs KT, Scheithauer BW, Young WF Jr. 1992. The pituitary gland in patients with breast carcinoma: A histologic and immunocytochemical study of 125 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 67:949\u2013956.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62269-1","volume":"68","author":"T Sano","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sano T, Kovacs KT, Scheithauer BW, Young WF Jr. 1993. Aging and the human pituitary gland. Mayo Clin Proc 68:971\u2013977.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.1.8090885","volume":"193","author":"A Teramoto","year":"1994","unstructured":"Teramoto A, Hirakawa K, Sanno N, Osamura Y. 1994. Incidental pituitary lesions in 1000 unselected autopsy specimens. Radiology 193:161\u2013164.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-49-4-623","volume":"49","author":"KE Huang","year":"1979","unstructured":"Huang KE. 1979. Assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary function in women after external head irradiation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49:623\u2013627.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30470-5","volume":"16","author":"DC Aron","year":"1987","unstructured":"Aron DC, Findling JW, Tyrrell JB. 1987. Cushing\u2019s disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:705\u2013730.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molitch ME. 1992. Clinical manifestations of acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30204-4"},{"key":"5_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004053221405","volume":"322","author":"S Melmed","year":"1990","unstructured":"Melmed S. 1990. Acromegaly. N Engl J Med 322:966\u2013976.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5_CR45","first-page":"443","volume-title":"The Pituitary","author":"ME Molitch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Molitch ME. 1995. Prolactinoma. In Melmed S, ed. The Pituitary. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science, pp 443\u2013477."},{"key":"5_CR46","first-page":"546","volume-title":"The Pituitary","author":"Y Greenman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Greenman Y, Melmed S. 1995. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. In Melmed S, ed. The Pituitary. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science, pp 546\u2013558."},{"key":"5_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00019616-199509000-00008","volume":"5","author":"DC Aron","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aron DC. 1995. Hormonal screening in the patient with an incidentally discovered pituitary mass: Current practice and factors in clinical decision making. Endocrinologist 5:357\u2013363.","journal-title":"Endocrinologist"},{"key":"5_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30471-7","volume":"16","author":"ML Vance","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vance ML, Thorner MO. 1987. Prolactinomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16:731\u2013753.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5_CR49","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Prolactin, Basic and Clinical Correlates. Proceedings of the IVth International Congress on Prolactin, Padova","author":"ME Molitch","year":"1985","unstructured":"Molitch ME, Reichlin S. 1985. Hypothalamic hyperprolactinemia: Neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin secretion in patients with lesions of the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk. In MacLeod RM, Thorner MO, Scapagnini U, eds. Prolactin, Basic and Clinical Correlates. Proceedings of the IVth International Congress on Prolactin, Padova, Italy, Liviana Press, pp 709\u2013719."},{"key":"5_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-6-1678","volume":"70","author":"LM Winer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Winer LM, Shaw MA, Baumann G. 1990. Basal plasma growth hormone levels in man: New evidence for rhythmicity of growth hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70:1678\u20131682.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61398-6","volume":"61","author":"PC Carpenter","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carpenter PC. 1986. Cushing\u2019s syndrome: Update of diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc 61:49\u201358.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-434","volume":"112","author":"TB Kaye","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaye TB, Crapo L. 1990. The Cushing\u2019s syndrome: An update on diagnostic tests. Ann Intern Med 112:434\u2013444.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-5-3-371","volume":"5","author":"DHP Streeten","year":"1984","unstructured":"Streeten DHP, Anderson GH Jr., Dalakow TG, Seeley D, Mallov JS, Eusebio R, Sunderlin FS, Badawy SZA, King RB. 1984. Normal and abnormal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in man. Endocr Rev 5:371\u2013394.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"5_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102283240904","volume":"324","author":"L Daneshdoost","year":"1991","unstructured":"Daneshdoost L, Gennarelli TA, Bashey HM, Savino PJ, Sergott RC, Bosley TM, Snyder PJ. 1991. Recognition of gonadotroph adenomas in women. N Engl J Med 324:589\u2013594.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.5.1352","volume":"77","author":"L Daneshdoost","year":"1993","unstructured":"Daneshdoost L, Gennarelli TA, Bashey HM, Savino PJ, Sergott RC, Bosley TM, Snyder PJ. 1993. Identification of gonadotroph adenomas in men with clinically nonfunctioning adenomas by the luteinizing hormone beta subunit response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1352\u20131355.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-10-827","volume":"111","author":"N Gesundheit","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gesundheit N, Petrick PA, Nissim M, Dahlberg PA, Doppman JL, Emerson CH, Braverman LF, Oldfield EH, Weintraub BD. 1989. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity \u2014 case reports and follow-up of nine patients. Ann Intern Med 111:827\u2013835.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61397-4","volume":"61","author":"CF Abboud","year":"1986","unstructured":"Abboud CF. 1986. Laboratory diagnosis of hypopituitarism. Mayo Clin Proc 61:35\u201348.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"5_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406093302306","volume":"330","author":"ML Vance","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vance ML. 1994. Hypopituitarism. N Engl J Med 330:1651\u20131662.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3109\/02841859109177546","volume":"32","author":"P Lundin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lundin P, Bergstrom K, Thomas KA, Lundberg PO, Muhr C. 1991. Comparison of MR imaging and CT in pituitary macroadenomas. Acta Radiol 32:189\u2013196.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"5_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02246.x","volume":"36","author":"SM Webb","year":"1992","unstructured":"Webb SM, Ruscalleda J, Schwarzstein D, Calaf-Alsina J, Rovira A, Matos G, Pulg-Domingo M, de Leiva A. 1992. Computerized tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging: A comparative study in hypothalamic-pituitary and parasellar pathology. Clin Endocrinol 36:459\u2013465.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"5_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199210000-00002","volume":"31","author":"SL Taylor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taylor SL, Barakos JA, Harsh GR, Wilson CB. 1992. Magnetic resonance imaging of tuberculum sellae meningiomas: Preventing preoperative misdiagnosis as pituitary macroadenoma. Neurosurgery 31:621\u2013627.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588159","volume":"34","author":"O Shubiger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shubiger O, Haller D. 1992. Metastases to the pituitary-hypothalamic axis. An MR study of 7 symptomatic patients. Neuroradiology 34:131\u2013134.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"5_CR63","first-page":"803","volume":"149","author":"S Marcovitz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Marcovitz S, Wee R, Chan J, Hardy J. 1987. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative CT scanning in the evaluation of pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas. Am J Radiol 149:803\u2013806.","journal-title":"Am J Radiol"},{"key":"5_CR64","first-page":"13","volume":"9","author":"S Marcovitz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marcovitz S, Wee R, Chan J, Hardy J. 1988. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative CT scanning of pituitary prolactinomas. Am J Neuroradiol 9:13\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5_CR65","first-page":"19","volume":"9","author":"S Marcovitz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marcovitz S, Wee R, Chan J, Hardy J. 1988. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative CT scanning of pituitary somatotroph adenomas. Am J Neuroradiol 9:19\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.3.3809493","volume":"162","author":"SC Saris","year":"1987","unstructured":"Saris SC, Patronas NJ, Doppman JL, Loriaux DL, Cutler GB Jr., Nieman LK, Chrousos GP, Oldfield EH. 1987. Cushing syndrome: Pituitary CT scanning. Radiology 162:775\u2013777.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR67","first-page":"1085","volume":"9","author":"WW Peck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Peck WW, Dillon WP, Norman D, Newton TH, Wilson CB. 1988. High-resolution MR imaging of microadenomas at 1.5 T: Experience with Cushing disease. Am J Neuroradiol 9:1085\u20131091.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb01456.x","volume":"36","author":"MR Johnson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johnson MR, Hoare RD, Cox T, Dawson JM, Maccabe JJ, Llewelyn DEH, McGregor AM. 1992. The evaluation of patients with a suspected pituitary microadenoma: Computer tomography compared to magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Endocrinol 36:335\u2013338.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"5_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.3.2305049","volume":"174","author":"AD Elster","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elster AD, Chen MYM, Williams DW III, Key LL. 1990. Pituitary gland: MR imaging of physiologic hypertrophy in adolescence. Radiology 174:681\u2013685.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(88)80346-2","volume":"85","author":"JG Gonzalez","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gonzalez JG, Elizondo G, Saldivar D, Nanez H, Todd LE, Villarreal JZ. 1988. Pituitary gland growth during normal pregnancy: An in vivo study using magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Med 85:217\u2013220.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.2.1924800","volume":"181","author":"AD Elster","year":"1991","unstructured":"Elster AD, Sanders TG, Vines FS, Chen MYM. 1991. Size and shape of the pituitary gland during pregnancy and post partum: Measurement with MR imaging. Radiology 181:531\u2013535.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451418","volume":"187","author":"Y Miki","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miki Y, Asato R, Okumura R, Togashi K, Kimura I, Kawakami S, Konishi J. 1993. Anterior pituitary gland in pregnancy: Hyperintensity at MR. Radiology 187:229\u2013231.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-2-256","volume":"72","author":"KRR Krishnan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Krishnan KRR, Doraiswamy PM, Lurie SN, Fiegiel GS, Husain MM, Boyko OB, Ellinwood EH Jr, Nemeroff CB. 1991. Pituitary size in depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72:256\u2013259.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103213241207","volume":"324","author":"A Klibanski","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klibanski A, Zervas NT. 1991. Diagnosis and management of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. N Engl J Med 324:822\u2013831.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90553-6","volume":"139","author":"CM March","year":"1981","unstructured":"March CM, Kletzky OA, Davajan V, Teal J, Weiss M, Apuzzo ML, Marrs RP, Mishell DE Jr. 1981. Longitudinal evaluation of patients with untreated prolactin-secrething pituitary adenomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 139:835\u2013844.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198302000-00008","volume":"12","author":"MH Weiss","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weiss MH, Teal J, Gott P, Wycoff R, Yadley R, Apuzzo ML, Gianotta SL, Kletzky O, March C. 1983. Natural history of microprolactinomas: Six-year follow-up. Neurosurgery 12:180\u2013183.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-1-115","volume":"100","author":"MCS Koppelman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Koppelman MCS, Jaffe MJ, Rieth KG, Caruso RC, Loriaux DL. 1984. Hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea. Ann Intern Med 100:115\u2013121.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59292-9","volume":"48","author":"DA Sisam","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sisam DA, Sheehan JP, Sheeler LR. 1987. the natural history of untreated microprolactinomas. Fertil Steril 48:67\u201371.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"5_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-2-412","volume":"68","author":"J Schlechte","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schlechte J, Dolan K, Sherman B, Chapler F, Luciano A. 1989. The natural history of untreated hyperprolactinemia; a prospective analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 68:412\u2013418.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"5_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-10-876_2","volume":"117","author":"FI Sharara","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sharara FI, Chrousos GP, Patronas NJ. 1992. Watchful waiting and craniopharyngioma. Ann Intern Med 117:876\u2013877.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.184.1.1609069","volume":"184","author":"BJ Conway","year":"1992","unstructured":"Conway BJ, McCrohan JL, Antonsen RG, Rueter GF, Slayton RJ, Suleiman OH. 1992. Average radiation dose in standard CT examinations of the head: Results of the 1990 NEXT survey. Radiology 184:135\u2013140.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.75.5.1318","volume":"75","author":"L Katznelson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Katznelson L, Oppenheim DS, Coughlin JF, Kliman B, Schoenfeld DA, Klibanski A. 1992. Chronic somatostatin analog administration in patients with \u03b1-subunit-secreting pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:1318\u20131325.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.75.5.1310","volume":"75","author":"TWA DeBruin","year":"1992","unstructured":"DeBruin TWA, Kwekkeboom DJ, Van\u2019t Verlaat JW, Reubi J-C, Krenning EP, Lamberts SWJ, Croughs RJM. 1992. Clinical nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma and octreotide response to long term high dose treatment, and studies in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:1310\u20131317.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Cancer Treatment and Research","Endocrine Neoplasms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-6355-6_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T09:21:34Z","timestamp":1741684894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-6355-6_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997]]},"ISBN":["9781461379195","9781461563556"],"references-count":83,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-6355-6_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0927-3042"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0927-3042"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997]]}}}