{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T09:09:01Z","timestamp":1768727341950,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Boston, MA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer US","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781461590408","type":"print"},{"value":"9781461590385","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9038-5_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,25]],"date-time":"2012-11-25T03:57:53Z","timestamp":1353815873000},"page":"95-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Narcotics, Alcohol and the Barbiturates on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Cicero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Badger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(73)90002-0","volume":"22","author":"F Azizi","year":"1973","unstructured":"Azizi, F., Vagenakis, A.G., Longcope, C., Ingbar, S.H. and Braverman, L.E.: Decreased serum testosterone concentration in male heroin and methadone addicts. Steroids 22:467\u2013472, 1973.","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"8_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(74)90064-6","volume":"23","author":"SM Badr","year":"1974","unstructured":"Badr, S.M. and Bartke, A.: Effect of ethyl alcohol on plasma testosterone levels in mice. Steroids 23:921\u2013927, 1974.","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"8_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-92-6-1634","volume":"92","author":"CW Beattie","year":"1973","unstructured":"Beattie, C.W., Campbell, C.S., Nequin, L.G., Soyha, L.F. and Schwartz, N.B.: Barbiturate blockade of tonic LH secretion in the male and female rat. Endocrinology 92:1630\u20131638, 1973.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29424-1","volume":"184","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J. and Meyer, E.R.: Morphine pellet implantation in rats: Quantitative assessment of tolerance and dependence. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 184:404\u2013408, 1973.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR5","first-page":"17","volume":"7","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J., Meyer, E.R., Bell, R.D. and Wiest, W.: Effects of morphine on the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels of rats. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 7: 17\u201324, 1974.","journal-title":"Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197504242921703","volume":"292","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J., Bell, R.D., Wiest, W.G., Allison, J.H., Polakoski, K. and Robins, E.: Function of the male sex organs in heroin and methadone users. N. Engl. J. Med. 292:882\u2013887, 1975a.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30095-9","volume":"192","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J., Meyer, E.R., Wiest, W.G., Olney, J.W. and Bell, R.D.: Effects of chronic morphine administration on the reproductive system of the male rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 192:542\u2013548, 1975b.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-2-367","volume":"98","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J., Meyer, E.R., Bell, R.D. and Koch, G.A.: Effects of morphine and methadone on testosterone, luteinizing hormone and the secondary sex organs of the male rat. Endocrinology 98: 365\u2013370, 1976a.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30600-2","volume":"198","author":"TJ Cicero","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J., Wilcox, C.E., Bell, R.D. and Meyer, E.R.: Acute reductions in serum testosterone levels by narcotics in the male rat: stereospecificity, blockade by naloxone and tolerance. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 198:340\u2013346, 1976b.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicero, T.J., Bell, R.D., Meyer, E.R. and Schweitzer, J.: Narcotics and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: acute effects on luteinizing hormone, testosterone and androgen dependent systems. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1976c, in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30829-3"},{"key":"8_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(70)90633-2","volume":"107","author":"MS Fahim","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fahim, M.S., Dement, G., Hall, D.G. and Fahim, Z.: Induced alterations in hepatic metabolism of androgens in the rat. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 107:1085\u20131091, 1970.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec."},{"key":"8_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480150105013","volume":"21","author":"G Freund","year":"1969","unstructured":"Freund, G.: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in mice. Arch. Neurol. 21:315\u2013320, 1969.","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"8_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401465","volume":"22","author":"G Freund","year":"1971","unstructured":"Freund, G., and Walker, D.W.: Sound-induced seizures during ethanol withdrawal in mice. Psychopharmacologia 22:45\u201359, 1971.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"8_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90005-6","volume":"1","author":"A Galvao-Teles","year":"1973","unstructured":"Galvao-Teles, A., Anderson, D.C., Burke, C.W., Marshall, J.C., Corker, C.S., Brown, R.L. and Clark, M.L.: Biologically active androgens and estradiol in men with chronic liver disease. Lancet 1:173\u2013177, 1973.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-6-1018","volume":"40","author":"GG Gordon","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gordon, G.G., Olivo, J., Rafii, F., and Southren, A.L.: Conversion of androgens to estrogens in cirrhosis of the liver. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40:1018\u20131026, 1975.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"8_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(73)90036-1","volume":"1","author":"BE Hunter","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hunter, B.E., Walker, D.W., Boast, C.A. and Zornetzer, S.F.: Ethanol dependence in the rat. Neural and Behavioral correlates. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1:719\u2013725, 1973.","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"8_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.15.040175.000333","volume":"15","author":"HW Kosterlitz","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kosterlitz, H.W. and Waterfield, A.A.: In vitro models in the study of structure-activity relationships of narcotic analgesics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 15:29\u201357, 1975.","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Pharmacol."},{"key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(48)90248-4","volume":"4","author":"CW Lloyd","year":"1948","unstructured":"Lloyd, C.W. and Williams, R.H.: Endocrine changes associated with Laennec\u2019s cirrhosis of the liver. Amer. J. Med. 4:315\u2013330, 1948.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Med."},{"key":"8_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750320112017","volume":"28","author":"WR Martin","year":"1973","unstructured":"Martin, W.R., Jasinski, D.R., Haertzen, C.A., Kay, P.C., Jones, B.E., Mansky, P.A. and Carpenter, R.W.: Methadone- a reevaluation. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 28:286\u2013295, 1973.","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiat."},{"key":"8_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0650177","volume":"65","author":"CE McCormack","year":"1975","unstructured":"McCormack, C.E. and Strauss, W.F.: Reversal by Progesterone of phenobarbitone-blockade of ovulation in the prepubertal rat primed with pregnant mouse serum gonadotropin. J. Endocr. 65: 177\u2013182, 1975.","journal-title":"J. Endocr."},{"key":"8_CR21","first-page":"225","volume":"52","author":"JH Mendelson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mendelson, J.H. and Mello, N.K.: Alcohol, aggression and androgens. Res. Publ. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 52:225\u2013247, 1974.","journal-title":"Res. Publ. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"8_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30047-9","volume":"192","author":"JH Mendelson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mendelson, J.H., Mendelson, J.E. and Patch, V.D.: Plasma testosterone levels in heroin addiction and during methadone maintenance. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 192:211\u2013217, 1975a.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30341-1","volume":"195","author":"JH Mendelson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mendelson, J.H., Meyer, R.E., Ellingboe, J., Mirin, S.M. and McDougle, M.: Effects of heroin and methadone on plasma Cortisol and testosterone. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 195:296\u2013302, 1975b.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1976193371","volume":"19","author":"JH Mendelson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mendelson, J.H., Inturrisi, C.E., Renault, P. and Senay, E.C.: Effects of acetylmethadol on plasma testosterone. Clinical Pharmacol. Ther. 19:371\u2013374, 1976.","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-88-4-983","volume":"88","author":"RR Meyer","year":"1971","unstructured":"Meyer, R.R., Karavolas, H.J., Klausing, M. and Norgard, P.W.: Blood progesterone and pregnenolone levels during phenobarbital (PB) block of PMS-induced ovulation in immature rats. Endocrinology 88:983\u2013990, 1971.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-93-1-127","volume":"93","author":"WR Moyle","year":"1973","unstructured":"Moyle, W.R. and Ramachandran, J.: Effect of LH on steroidogenesis and cyclic AMP accumulation in rat Leydig cell preparations and mouse tumor Leydig cells. Endocrinology 93:127\u2013134, 1973.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-84-5-1166","volume":"84","author":"GP Niswender","year":"1969","unstructured":"Niswender, G.P., Reichert, L.E., Midgley, A.R. and Nalbandov, A.V.: Radioimmunoassay for bovine and ovine luteinizing hormone. Endocrinology 84:1166\u20131173, 1969.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.8.2243","volume":"70","author":"CB Pert","year":"1973","unstructured":"Pert, C.B. and Snyder, S.H.: Properties of opiate receptor binding, in brain. P.N.A.S. USA 70:2243\u20132247, 1973.","journal-title":"P.N.A.S. USA"},{"key":"8_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251188","volume":"191","author":"E Rubin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rubin, E., Lieber, CS., Altman, K., Gordon, C.G. and Southren, A.L.: Prolonged ethanol consumption increases testosterone metabolism in the liver. Science 191:563\u2013564, 1976.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0650447","volume":"65","author":"SH Shin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Shin, S.H. and Jowitt, C.: Effects of castration on luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone releasing factor in the male rat. J. Endocrin. 65:447\u2013448, 1975.","journal-title":"J. Endocrin."},{"key":"8_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000122437","volume":"19","author":"S Sorrentino","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sorrentino, S.: Ovulation in PMS-treated rats with gonadotropin releasing hormone after pentobarbital and melatonin block. Neuroendocrinology 19:170\u2013176, 1975.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(73)90241-2","volume":"22","author":"AL Southren","year":"1973","unstructured":"Southren, A.L., Gordon, G.G., Olivo, J., Rafii, F., and Rosenthal, W.S.: Androgen metabolism in cirrhosis of the liver. Metabolism 22:695\u2013702, 1973.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"8_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(75)90426-8","volume":"24","author":"AM Symons","year":"1975","unstructured":"Symons, A.M. and Marks, V.: Effects of alcohol on weight gain and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadotropin axis in the maturing male rat. Biochem. Pharmacol. 24:955\u2013958, 1975.","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"8_CR34","first-page":"215","volume":"215","author":"JA Thomas","year":"1975","unstructured":"Thomas, J.A. and Dombrosky, J.T.: Effects of methadone on the male reproductive system. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 215:215\u2013221, 1975.","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther."},{"key":"8_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32705-2","volume":"61","author":"DH Thiel Van","year":"1974","unstructured":"Van Thiel, D.H., Lester, R. and Sherins, R.J.: Hypogonadism in alcoholic liver disease: Evidence for a double effect. Gastroenterology 61:1188\u20131199, 1974.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"8_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32572-7","volume":"69","author":"DH Thiel Van","year":"1975","unstructured":"Van Thiel, D.H., Gavaler, J.S., Lester, R., and Goodman, M.D.: Alcohol-induced testicular atrophy. An experimental model for hypogonadism occurring in chronic alcoholic men. Gastroenterology 69: 326\u2013332, 1975.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"8_CR37","first-page":"156","volume-title":"Actions of Alcohol Vol. I, Chapters 4, 5,6 and 7","author":"H Wallgren","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wallgren, H., and Barry, H.: Actions of Alcohol Vol. I, Chapters 4, 5,6 and 7. Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, pp. 156\u2013387, 1970."},{"key":"8_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-86-5-1102","volume":"86","author":"M Yamamoto","year":"1970","unstructured":"Yamamoto, M., Diebel, N.D. and Bogdanove, E.M.: Analysis of initial and delayed effects of orchidectomy and ovariectomy on pituitary and serum LH levels in adult and immature rats. Endocrinology 86:1102\u20131111, 1970.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"8_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(74)90008-9","volume":"5","author":"R Ylikahri","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ylikahri, R., Huttunen, M., Harkonen, M., Seuderling, U., Onikki, S., Karonen, S.L. and Adlercreutz, H.: Low plasma testosterone values in men during hangover. J. Steroid Biochem. 5:655\u2013658, 1974.","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal\u2014IIIb"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-9038-5_8.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T17:48:29Z","timestamp":1745344109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-9038-5_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977]]},"ISBN":["9781461590408","9781461590385"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-9038-5_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977]]}}}