{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T18:56:03Z","timestamp":1794423363442,"version":"4.9.1"},"publisher-location":"Boston, MA","reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer US","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781468449723","type":"print"},{"value":"9781468449709","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9_21","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,10]],"date-time":"2012-06-10T05:13:19Z","timestamp":1339305199000},"page":"369-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extrapolation from Large-Scale Radiation Exposures: Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Land","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"21_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2307\/3574875","volume":"75","author":"GW Beebe","year":"1978","unstructured":"Beebe, G. W., Kato, H., and Land, C. E., 1978, Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 6. Mortality and radiation dose, 1950\u20131974, Radiat. Res., 75:138.","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"21_CR2","unstructured":"BEIR Report, 1980, Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, \u201cThe Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,\u201d National Academy Press, Washington, D. C."},{"key":"21_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810301)47:5+<1081::AID-CNCR2820471305>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"47","author":"JD Boice Jr","year":"1981","unstructured":"Boice, J. D., Jr., 1981, Cancer following medical radiation, Cancer, 47:1081.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"21_CR4","volume-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","author":"JD Boice Jr.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Boice, J. D., Jr., and Land, C. E., 1982, in:\u201cCancer Epidemiology and Prevention,\u201d D. Schottenfeld and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., eds., W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia."},{"key":"21_CR5","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Radiation Research, Sessions C: Somatic and Genetic Effects","author":"VP Bond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bond, V. P., 1983, Radiation exposure and cancer: The probability of causation, in:\u201cProceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Radiation Research, Sessions C: Somatic and Genetic Effects,\u201d J. J. Broese, G. W. Barendsen, H. B. Kal, and A. J. van der Kogel, eds., Martinus Nijhof, Amsterdam."},{"key":"21_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800815)46:4+<865::AID-CNCR2820461303>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"46","author":"P Cole","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cole, P., 1980, Major aspects of the epidemiology of breast cancer, Cancer, 46:865.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"21_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/6008973","volume-title":"Review of Medical Findings in a Marshal -lese Population Twenty-Six Years After Accidental Exposure to Radioactive Fallout","author":"RA Conard","year":"1980","unstructured":"Conard, R. A., Paglia, D. E., Larsen, P. R., Sutow, W. W., Dobyns, B. M., Robbins, J., Krotosky, W. A., Field, J. B., Rall, J.E., and Wolff, J., 1980, \u201cReview of Medical Findings in a Marshal -lese Population Twenty-Six Years After Accidental Exposure to Radioactive Fallout,\u201d BNL 51261, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York."},{"key":"21_CR8","first-page":"977","volume":"64","author":"NE Day","year":"1980","unstructured":"Day, N. E., and Brown, C. C., 1980, Multistage models and primary prevention of cancer, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 64:977.","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"21_CR9","volume-title":"Mathematical Statistics: A Decision-Theoretic Approach","author":"TS Ferguson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ferguson, T. S., 1967, \u201cMathematical Statistics: A Decision-Theoretic Approach,\u201d Academic Press, New York."},{"key":"21_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.16.SUPPLEMENT_89","volume":"16","author":"M Ichimaru","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ichimaru, M., and Ishimaru, T., 1975, Leukemia and related disorders, J. Radiat. Res., 16 (Supl):89.","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"21_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.19.262","volume":"19","author":"M Ichimaru","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ichimaru, M., Ishimaru, T., and Belsky, J. L., 1978, Incidence of leukemia in atomic bomb survivors belonging to a fixed cohort in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950\u201371. Radiation dose, years after exposure, age at exposure, and type of leukemia, J. Radiat. Res., 19:262.","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"21_CR12","unstructured":"Internation Commission on Radiological Protection, 1977, \u201cICRP Publication 26: Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection,\u201d Pergamon Press, Oxford."},{"key":"21_CR13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Radiation Research, Sessions C: Somatic and Genetic Effects","author":"S Jablon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jablon, S., 1983, Probability of causation \u2014 practical problems, in: \u201cProceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Radiation Research, Sessions C: Somatic and Genetic Effects,\u201d J. J. Broese, G. W. Barendsen, H. B. Kal, and A. J. van der Kogel, ed., Martinus Nijhof, Amsterdam."},{"key":"21_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(80)90079-1","volume":"9","author":"S Jablon","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jablon, S., and Bailar, J. C., 1980, The contribution of ionizing radiation to cancer mortality in the United States. Prev. Med. 9:219.","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"21_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2307\/3575716","volume":"90","author":"H Kato","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kato, H., and Schull, W. J., 1982, Studies of the mortality of a-bomb survivors. 7. Mortality, 1950\u20131978: Part 1. Cancer mortality, Radiat. Res., 90:395.","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"21_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198402233100807","volume":"310","author":"HI Kohn","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kohn, H. I., and Fry, R. J. M., 1984, Radiation carcinogenesis, New Engl. J. Med., 310:504.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"21_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403879","volume":"209","author":"CE Land","year":"1980","unstructured":"Land, C. E., 1980, Estimating cancer risks from low doses of ionizing radiation, Science, 209:1197.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"21_CR18","first-page":"353","volume":"65","author":"CE Land","year":"1980","unstructured":"Land, C. E., Boice, J. D., Jr., Shore, R. E., Norman, J. E., and Tokunaga, M., 1980, Breast cancer risk from low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation: Results of a parallel analysis of three exposed populations of women, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 65:353.","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"21_CR19","volume-title":"Epidemiology Applied to Health Physics, Proceedings of the 16th Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health Physics Society","author":"CE Land","year":"1983","unstructured":"Land, C. E., and Pierce, D. A., 1983, Some statistical considerations related to the estimation of cancer risk from low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation, in: \u201cEpidemiology Applied to Health Physics, Proceedings of the 16th Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health Physics Society,\u201d CONF-83010, Nat. Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA."},{"key":"21_CR20","volume-title":"Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance","author":"CE Land","year":"1984","unstructured":"Land, C. E., and Tokunaga, M., 1984, Induction period, in: \u201cRadiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance,\u201d J. D. Boice, Jr., and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., ed., Raven Press, New York."},{"key":"21_CR21","volume-title":"Epidemiology Applied to Health Physics, Proceedings of the 16th Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health Physics Society","author":"CW Mays","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mays, C. W., and Spiess, H., 1983, Epidemiological studies of German patients with Ra-224, in: \u201cEpidemiology Applied to Health Physics, Proceedings of the 16th Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health Physics Society,\u201d CONF-83010, Nat. Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA."},{"key":"21_CR22","first-page":"559","volume":"65","author":"SH Moolgavkar","year":"1982","unstructured":"Moolgavkar, S. H., Day, N. E., and Stevens, R. G., 1982, Two-stage model for carcinogenesis: Epidemiology of breast cancer in females, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 65:559.","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"21_CR23","unstructured":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1980, \u201cInfluence of Dose and its Distribution in Time on Dose-Response Relationships for Low-LET Radiation,\u201d NCRP Report No. 64, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, D. C."},{"key":"21_CR24","unstructured":"Public Law 97\u2013414 Section 7(b), 1983, U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C."},{"key":"21_CR25","volume-title":"Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Signif-icance","author":"RE Rowland","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rowland, R. E., and Lucas, H. F., Jr., 1984, Radium dial workers, in: \u201cRadiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Signif-icance,\u201d J. D. Boice, Jr., and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., ed., Raven Press, New York."},{"key":"21_CR26","volume-title":"Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance","author":"RE Shore","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shore, R. E., 1984, Radiation-induced thyroid cancer, in: \u201cRadiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance,\u201d J. D. Boice, Jr., and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., ed., Raven Press, New York."},{"key":"21_CR27","volume-title":"Growth Kinetics of Tumors. Cell Population Kinetics in Relation to Growth and Treatment of Cancer","author":"GG Steel","year":"1977","unstructured":"Steel, G. G., 1977, \u201cGrowth Kinetics of Tumors. Cell Population Kinetics in Relation to Growth and Treatment of Cancer,\u201d Clarendon Press, Oxford."},{"key":"21_CR28","volume-title":"Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance","author":"M Tokunaga","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tokunaga, M., Land, C. E., Yamamoto, T., Asano, M., Tokuoka, S., Ezaki, E., and Nishimori, I., 1984, Breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, in: \u201cRadiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance,\u201d J. D. Boice, Jr., and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., ed., Raven Press, New York."},{"key":"21_CR29","unstructured":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1977, \u201cSources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation.\u201d United Nations, New York (Report E.77.IX.1)."},{"key":"21_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2307\/3574712","volume":"71","author":"AC Upton","year":"1977","unstructured":"Upton, A. C, 1977, Radiobiological effects of low doses: Implications for radiological protection, Radiat. Res., 71:51\u201374.","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"21_CR31","unstructured":"U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, \u201cCancer: The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report from the Surgeon General,\u201d U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C."},{"key":"21_CR32","series-title":"National Cancer Institute Monograph 57, NIH Publ. No. 81\u20132330","volume-title":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results: Incidence and Mortality Data, 1973\u20131977","year":"1981","unstructured":"Young, J. L., Jr., Percy, C. L., and Asire, A. J. (ed.), 1981, \u201cSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results: Incidence and Mortality Data, 1973\u20131977,\u201d National Cancer Institute Monograph 57, NIH Publ. No. 81\u20132330, U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C."}],"container-title":["Assessment of Risk from Low-Level Exposure to Radiation and Chemicals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9_21.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T08:47:08Z","timestamp":1619858828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985]]},"ISBN":["9781468449723","9781468449709"],"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9_21","relation":{"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985]]}}}