{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:07:04Z","timestamp":1780960024189,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"London","reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer London","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781848000438","type":"print"},{"value":"9781848000445","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,20]],"date-time":"2007-11-20T20:18:55Z","timestamp":1195589935000},"page":"93-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["The Focus Group Method as an Empirical Tool in Software Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jyrki","family":"Kontio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Bragge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lehtola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","unstructured":"Anon., Focus Group Kit, Vol. 1\u20136, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1997."},{"key":"4_CR2","unstructured":"Adler, M., Ziglio, E., Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi Method and Its Application to Social Policy and Public Health, Jessica Kingsley Pub, 1996."},{"key":"4_CR3","unstructured":"Austin, T., Drakos, N., Mann, J., Web Conferencing Amplifies Dysfunctional Meeting Practices. Gartner Research Report Nr. G00138101, Gartner Inc., 2006."},{"key":"4_CR4","first-page":"377","volume":"30","author":"S.L. Baker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Baker, S.L., Improving Business Services through the Use of Focus Groups, Reference Quarterly, 30(Spring):377\u2013385, 1991.","journal-title":"Reference Quarterly"},{"issue":"7","key":"4_CR5","first-page":"758","volume":"12","author":"V.R. Basili","year":"1986","unstructured":"Basili, V.R., Selby, R.W., Hutchens, D.H., Experimentation in Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 12(7):758\u2013773, 1986.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.4.389","volume":"7","author":"I. Benbasat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benbasat, I., Rethinking Diversity in Information Systems Research, Information Systems Research, 7(4):389\u2013399, 1996.","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/52.922725","volume":"18","author":"B. Boehm","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boehm, B., Gruenbacher, P., Briggs, R.O., Developing Groupware for Requirements Negotiation: Lessons Learned, IEEE Software, 18(3):46\u201355, 2001.","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"4_CR8","volume-title":"Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods","author":"R.C. Bogdan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bogdan, R.C., Biklen, S.K., Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods, Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, MA, 1982."},{"key":"4_CR9","unstructured":"Bragge, J., den Hengst, M., Tuunanen, T., Virtanen, V., A Repeatable Collaboration Process for Developing a Road Map for Mobile Marketing. In Proceedings of the 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems AMCIS, 2005a."},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bragge, J., Marttiin, P., Tuunanen, T., Developing Innovative IS Services Together with Wide Audience End-Users, In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1\u201310, 2005b.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2005.198"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.2004.843298","volume":"48","author":"J. Bragge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bragge, J., Merisalo-Rantanen, H., Hallikainen, P., Gathering Innovative End-User Feedback for Continuous Development of Information Systems: A Repeatable and Transferable E-Collaboration Process, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 48(1):55\u201367, 2005c.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-006-9055-5","volume":"16","author":"J. Bragge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bragge, J., Merisalo-Rantanen, H., Nurmi, A., Tanner, L., A Repeatable E-Collaboration Process Based on ThinkLets for Multi-Organization Strategy Development, Group Decision and Negotiation, 16(4):363\u2013379, 2007a.","journal-title":"Group Decision and Negotiation"},{"key":"4_CR13","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS\u201907)","author":"J. Bragge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bragge, J., Relander, S., Sunikka, A., Mannonen, P., Enriching Literature Reviews with Computer-Assisted Research Mining. Case: Profiling Group Support Systems Research. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS\u201907), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1\u201310, 2007b."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2003.11045743","volume":"19","author":"R.O. Briggs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Briggs, R.O., De Vreede, G.J., Nunamaker, J.F., Collaboration Engineering with ThinkLets to Pursue Sustained Success with Group Support Systems, Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4):31\u201364, 2003.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"H.K. Buhrer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buhrer, H.K., Software Development: What It is, What It should be, and How to get There, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 28(2):1\u20134, 2007.","journal-title":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1145\/110790.110795","volume":"22","author":"M. Chen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chen, M., Nunamaker, J.F., The Architecture and Design of a Collaborative Environment for Systems Definition, Data-Base, 22(1\u20132):22\u201329, 1991.","journal-title":"Data-Base"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(95)00041-0","volume":"30","author":"D.L. Clapper","year":"1996","unstructured":"Clapper, D.L., Massey, A.P., Electronic Focus Groups: A Framework for Exploration, Information and Management, 30(1):43\u201350, 1996.","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.554","volume":"32","author":"R. Daft","year":"1986","unstructured":"Daft, R., Lengel, R., Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness, and Structural Design, Management Science, 32(5):554\u2013570, 1986.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vreede, G.J., Fruhling, A., Chakrapani, A., A Repeatable Collaboration Process for Usability Testing, In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1\u201310, 2005.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2005.46"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(02)00098-8","volume":"40","author":"G. Easton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Easton, G., Easton, A., Belch, M., An Experimental Investigation of Electronic Focus Groups, Information and Management, 40:717\u2013727, 2003.","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"4_CR21","volume-title":"The Focus Group Research Handbook","author":"H. Edmunds","year":"1991","unstructured":"Edmunds, H., The Focus Group Research Handbook, NTC Business Books, Lincolnwood, IL, 1991."},{"key":"4_CR22","volume-title":"The Focus Group Research Handbook","author":"H. Edmunds","year":"1999","unstructured":"Edmunds, H., The Focus Group Research Handbook, NTC Business Books and American Marketing Association, Lincolnwood, IL, 1999."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5273(02)00429-2","volume":"89","author":"K. Elfvengren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elfvengren, K., Karkkainen, H., Torkkeli, M., Tuominen, M., A GDSS Based Approach for the Assessment of Customer Needs in Industrial Markets, International Journal of Production Economics, 89(3):272\u2013292, 2004.","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"4_CR24","first-page":"36","volume":"11","author":"B. Feig","year":"1989","unstructured":"Feig, B., How to Run a Focus Group, American Demographics, 11(December):36\u201337, 1989.","journal-title":"American Demographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3151525","volume":"19","author":"E.F. Fern","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fern, E.F., The Use of Focus Groups for Idea Generation: The Effects of Group Size, Acquaintanceship, and Moderator on Response Quantity and Quality, Journal of Marketing Research, 19(1):1\u201313, 1982.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1998.11518216","volume":"15","author":"J. Fjermestad","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fjermestad, J., Hiltz, S.R., An Assessment of Group Support Systems Experimental Research: Methodology and Results, Journal of Management Information Systems, 15(3):7\u2013150, 1999.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR27","first-page":"112","volume":"17","author":"J. Fjermestad","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fjermestad, J., Hiltz, S.R., Group Support Systems: A Descriptive Evaluation of Case and Field Studies, Journal of Management Information Systems, 17(3):112\u2013157, 2000.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"4_CR28","unstructured":"Fraunhofer USA Inc., Summary of the Third eWorkshop on Agile Methods, Center for Experimental Software Engineering, http:\/\/fc-md.umd.edu\/projects\/Agile\/3rd-eWorkshop\/summary3rdeWorksh.htm , 2002."},{"key":"4_CR29","unstructured":"Galliers, R.D., Choosing Appropriate Information Systems Research Approaches: A Revised Taxonomy, Information Systems Research: Contemporary Approaches and Emerging Traditions, Nissen H.-E. , H.K. Klein and R. Hirschheim, eds. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 327\u2013345, 1991."},{"key":"4_CR30","volume-title":"Research Methods in Business Studies","author":"P. Ghauri","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ghauri, P., Gr\u00f8nhaug, K., Kristianslund, I., Research Methods in Business Studies, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(94)00077-Z","volume":"28","author":"R.A. Glass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glass, R.A., A Structure-Based Critique of Contemporary Computing Research, Journal of Systems and Software, 28(1):3\u20137, 1995.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruenbacher, P., Halling, M., Biffl, S., Kitapci, H., Boehm, B.W., Repeatable Quality Assurance Techniques for Requirements Negotiation, In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1\u20139, 2003.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2003.1173672"},{"key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2001.989806","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","author":"M. Halling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Halling, M., Gruenbacher, P., Biffl, S., Tailoring a COTS Group Support System for Software Requirements Inspection, In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA 201\u2013208, 2001."},{"key":"4_CR34","unstructured":"Hansen, K., Hansen, R.S., Using an Asynchronous Discussion Board for Online Focus Groups: A Protocol and Lessons Learned, In Proceedings of the College Teaching and Learning Conference, Clute Institute for Academic Research, Littleton, Colorado 1\u20138, 2006."},{"key":"4_CR35","volume-title":"Research Methods in Social Relations","author":"C.M. Judd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Judd, C.M., Smith, E.R., Kidder, L.H., Research Methods in Social Relations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, New York, 1991."},{"key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3304-4","volume-title":"Basics of Software Engineering Experimentation","author":"N. Juristo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Juristo, N., Moreno, A.M., Basics of Software Engineering Experimentation, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 2001."},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B., Dyba, T., Jorgensen, M., Evidence-Based Software Engineering. In Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 273\u2013281, 2004.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2004.1317449"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.02.007","volume":"23","author":"E.E. Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein, E.E., Tellefsen, T., Herskovitz, P.J., The Use of Group Support Systems in Focus Groups: Information Technology Meets Qualitative Research, Computers in Human Behavior, 23(5):2113\u20132132, 2007.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"4_CR39","unstructured":"Kontio, J., The Riskit Method for Software Risk Management, version 1.00. (College Park, MD, University of Maryland, 1997) CS-TR-3782\/UMIACS-TR-97-38, Computer Science Technical Reports."},{"key":"4_CR40","unstructured":"Kontio, J., Software Engineering Risk Management: A Method, Improvement Framework, and Empirical Evaluation. Doctoral dissertation. (2001), Helsinki University of Technology, publisher: Center of Excellence, ISBN: 952-5136-22-1."},{"key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontio, J., Bragge, J., Lehtola, L., Using the Focus Group Method in Software Engineering: Obtaining Practitioner and User Experiences. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering (ISESE), ACM-IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA pp. 271\u2013280, 2004.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISESE.2004.1334914"},{"key":"4_CR42","volume-title":"Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research","author":"R.A. Krueger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krueger, R.A., Casey, M.A., Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2000."},{"key":"4_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203302743","volume-title":"Focus Groups. Supporting Effective Product Development","author":"J. Langford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Langford, J., McDonaugh, D., Focus Groups. Supporting Effective Product Development, Taylor and Francis, London, 2003."},{"key":"4_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehtola, L., Kauppinen, M., Kujala, S., Requirements-Prioritization-Challenges-in-Practice. In Fifth International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement, 2004.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24659-6_36"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1993.11518009","volume":"10","author":"Y.I. Liou","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liou, Y.I., Chen, M., Using Group Support Systems and Joint Application Development for Requirements Specification, Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(3):25\u201341, 1993.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1109\/69.87999","volume":"3","author":"A.P. Massey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Massey, A.P., Wallace, W.A., Focus Groups as a Knowledge Elicitation Technique, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(2):193\u2013200, 1991.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2307\/3152233","volume":"31","author":"E.F. McQuarrie","year":"1994","unstructured":"McQuarrie, E.F., New Books in Review: The Handbook for Focus Group Research & Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art, Journal of Marketing Research, 31:377\u2013380, 1994.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"4_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.38.4.515.18900","volume":"38","author":"E.F. McQuarrie","year":"2001","unstructured":"McQuarrie, E.F., New Books in Review: The Mirrored Window: Focus Groups from a Moderator\u2019s Point of View & Advanced Focus Group Research, Journal of Marketing Research, 38(November):515\u2013516, 2001.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"4_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/0737-6782(86)90042-1","volume":"1","author":"E.F. McQuarrie","year":"1986","unstructured":"McQuarrie, E.F., McIntyre, S.H., Focus Groups and the Development of New Products by Technologically Driven Companies: Some Guidelines, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1:40\u201347, 1986.","journal-title":"Journal of Product Innovation Management"},{"key":"4_CR50","volume-title":"Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods","author":"M.B. Miles","year":"1984","unstructured":"Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M., Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1984."},{"issue":"7\/8","key":"4_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1108\/03090569810224100","volume":"32","author":"M.M. Montoya-Weiss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Montoya-Weiss, M.M., Massey, A.P., Clapper, D.L., On-line Focus Groups: Conceptual Issues and a Research Tool, European Journal of Marketing, 32(7\/8):713\u2013723, 1998.","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"4_CR52","volume-title":"Tools for Primary Care Research. Volume 2: Research Methods for Primary Care","author":"D.L. Morgan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morgan, D.L., Designing Focus Group Research, in: Tools for Primary Care Research. Volume 2: Research Methods for Primary Care, M. Stewart, F. Tudiver, M.J. Bass, E.V. Dunn and P.G. Norton, eds. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1992."},{"key":"4_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.22.1.129","volume":"22","author":"D.L. Morgan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Morgan, D.L., Focus Groups, Annual Review of Sociology, 22(August):129\u2013152, 1996.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"4_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984287","volume-title":"Focus Groups as Qualitative Research","author":"D.L. Morgan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morgan, D.L., Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1997."},{"key":"4_CR55","unstructured":"Myers, M., Qualitative Research in Information Systems, http:\/\/www.qual.auckland.ac.nz , 2004."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/30036517","volume":"27","author":"S. Nambisan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nambisan, S., Information Systems as a Reference Discipline for New Product Development, MIS Quarterly, 27(1):1\u201318, 2003.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/17.846788","volume":"47","author":"S. Nambisan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nambisan, S., Wilemon, D., Software Development and New Product Development: Potentials for Cross-Domain Knowledge Sharing, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 47(2):211\u2013220, 2000.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"key":"4_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2307\/2282857","volume":"59","author":"J. Neter","year":"1964","unstructured":"Neter, J., Waksberg, J., A Study of Response Errors in Expenditure Data from Household Interviews, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 59:18\u201355, 1964.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/02662426030214003","volume":"21","author":"R. Newby","year":"2003","unstructured":"Newby, R., Soutar, G., Watson, J., Comparing Traditional Focus Groups with a Group Support Systems (GSS) Approach for Use in SME Research, International Small Business Journal, 21(4):421\u2013433, 2003.","journal-title":"International Small Business Journal"},{"key":"4_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1109\/52.566434","volume":"14","author":"J. Nielsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nielsen, J., The Use and Misuse of Focus Groups, IEEE Software, 14(January):94\u201395, 1997.","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"issue":"7","key":"4_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1145\/105783.105793","volume":"34","author":"J.F. Nunamaker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nunamaker, J.F., Dennis, A.R., Valacich, J.S., Vogel, D.R., George, J.F., Electronic Meeting Systems to Support Group Work, Communications of the ACM, 34(7):40\u201361, 1991.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1108\/13522750310470190","volume":"6","author":"H. O\u2019Connor","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, H., Madge, C., \u201cFocus Groups in Cyberspace\u201d: Using the Internet for Qualitative Research, Qualitative Market Research, 6(2):133\u2013143, 2003.","journal-title":"Qualitative Market Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690400300305","volume":"3","author":"J. Oringderff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oringderff, J., \u2018My Way\u2019: Piloting and Online Focus Group, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(3):1\u201310, 2004.","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(00)00053-7","volume":"38","author":"M. Parent","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parent, M., Gallupe, R.B., Salisbury, W.D., Handelman, J.M., Knowledge Creation in Focus Groups: Can Group Technologies Help?, Information and Management, 38(1):47\u201358, 2000.","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"4_CR65","volume-title":"Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods","author":"M.Q. Patton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Patton, M.Q., Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1990."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/147078530504700204","volume":"47","author":"D.J. Reid","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reid, D.J., Reid, F.J.M., Online Focus Groups. An In-Depth Comparison of Computer-Mediated and Conventional Focus Group Discussions, International Journal of Market Research, 47(2):131\u2013162, 2005.","journal-title":"International Journal of Market Research"},{"key":"4_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodgers, T.L., Dean, D.L., Nunamaker, J.F., Increasing Inspection Efficiency through Group Support Systems, In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1\u201310, 2004.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2004.1265070"},{"key":"4_CR68","volume-title":"Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests","author":"J. Rubin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rubin, J., Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests, Wiley, New York, 1994."},{"key":"4_CR69","volume-title":"Focus Groups: Theory and Practice","author":"D.W. Stewart","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stewart, D.W., Shamdasani, P.N., Focus Groups: Theory and Practice, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1990."},{"key":"4_CR70","unstructured":"Sunikka, A., Usability evaluation of the Helsinki School of Economics Website. Master\u2019s thesis, Helsinki School of Economics, 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1108\/13522750110393035","volume":"4","author":"C. Sweet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sweet, C., Designing and Conducting Virtual Focus Groups, Qualitative Market Research, 4(3):130\u2013135, 2001.","journal-title":"Qualitative Market Research"},{"key":"4_CR72","volume-title":"Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods","author":"S.J. Taylor","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R., Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods, Wiley, New York, 1984."},{"key":"4_CR73","volume-title":"The Focus Group: A Strategic Guide to Organizing, Conducting and Analyzing the Focus Group Interview","author":"J.F. Templeton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Templeton, J.F., The Focus Group: A Strategic Guide to Organizing, Conducting and Analyzing the Focus Group Interview, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, New York, 1994."},{"key":"4_CR74","unstructured":"Ten-Pow, J., Fundamentals for Those Considering Online Focus Groups, On Survey Research Intelligence, http:\/\/www.onsurvey.ca\/supplemental\/onfocus.pdf , 2003."},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/2.675631","volume":"31","author":"W.F. Tichy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tichy, W.F., Should Computer Scientists Experiment More?, IEEE Computer, 31(5):32\u201340, 1998.","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(94)00111-Y","volume":"28","author":"W.F. Tichy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tichy, W.F., Lukowicz, P., Prechelt, L., Heinz, E.A., Experimental Evaluation in Computer Science: A Quantitative Study, Journal of Systems and Software, 28(1):9\u201318, 1995.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"4_CR77","unstructured":"Turney, L., Pocknee, C., Virtual focus groups: New technologies, new opportunities, new learning environments, Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, pp. 905\u2013912."},{"key":"4_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuunanen, T., Rossi, M., Engineering a Method for Wide Audience Requirements Elicitatation and Integrating It to Software Development, In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Los Alamitos, CA, 2004.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2004.1265420"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1997.11518179","volume":"14","author":"M. Genuchten Van","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van Genuchten, M., Cornelissen, W., Van Dijk, C., Supporting Inspections with an Electronic Meeting System, Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(3):165\u2013178, 1997.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/52.922727","volume":"18","author":"M. Genuchten Van","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Genuchten, M., Van Dijk, C., Scholten, H., Using Group Support Systems for Software Inspections, IEEE Software, 18(3):60\u201365, 2001.","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1178054","volume":"29","author":"P. Vitharana","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vitharana, P., Ramamurthy, K., Computer-Mediated Group Support, Anonymity, and the Software Inspection Process: An Empirical Investigation, IEEE Transactions on Software Management, 29(2):167\u2013180, 2003.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Management"},{"key":"4_CR82","unstructured":"Wellner, A.S., The New Science of Focus Groups, American Demographics, March 1 29\u201333, 2003."},{"key":"4_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_52_04_352","volume":"52","author":"R. Widdows","year":"1991","unstructured":"Widdows, R., Hensler, T.A., Wyncott, M.H., The Focus Group Interview: A Method for Assessing User\u2019s Evaluation of Library Service, College and Research Libraries, 52(July):352\u2013359, 1991.","journal-title":"College and Research Libraries"},{"key":"4_CR84","volume-title":"Experimentation in Software Engineering: An Introduction","author":"C. Wohlin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Host, M., Ohlsson, M.C., Experimentation in Software Engineering: An Introduction, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1999."},{"key":"4_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45143-3_2","volume":"2765","author":"C. Wohlin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wohlin, C., H\u00f6st, M., Henningsson, K., Empirical Research Methods in Software Engineering, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2765 7\u201323, 2003.","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/2.675630","volume":"31","author":"M.V. Zelkowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zelkowitz, M.V., Wallace, D.R., Experimental Models for Validating Technology, IEEE Computer, 31(5):23\u201331, 1998.","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"4_CR87","unstructured":"Zinchiak, M., Online Focus Group FAQs, Quirk\u2019s Marketing Research Review, http:\/\/www.quirks.com\/articles\/a2001\/20010712.aspx?searchID=2619905 , July\/August 2001."}],"container-title":["Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_4.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T18:20:04Z","timestamp":1619893204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"ISBN":["9781848000438","9781848000445"],"references-count":87,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_4","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}