{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:32:35Z","timestamp":1775266355351,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030010539","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030010546","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01054-6_40","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T09:47:05Z","timestamp":1541670425000},"page":"550-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On Character vs Word Embeddings as Input for English Sentence Classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Hammerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Vintr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Kapetanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Sama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"40_CR1","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. In: NIPS 2013, pp. 1\u20139, October 2013. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1310.4546"},{"key":"40_CR2","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1532\u20131543 (2014). http:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/D14-1162"},{"key":"40_CR3","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Zhao, J., LeCun, Y.: Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. In: Cortes, C., Lawrence, N.D., Lee, D.D., Sugiyama, M., Garnett, R. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015), pp. 649\u2013657. Curran Associates, Inc. (2015). http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/5782-character-level-convolutional-networks-for-text-classification.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"40_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"41","author":"S Deerwester","year":"1990","unstructured":"Deerwester, S., Dumais, S.T., Furnas, G.W., Landauer, T.K., Harshman, R.: Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 41(6), 391 (1990)","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"40_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000011","volume":"2","author":"B Pang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pang, B., Lee, L., et al.: Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Found. Trends\u00ae Inf. Retrieval 2(1\u20132), 1\u2013135 (2008)","journal-title":"Found. Trends\u00ae Inf. Retrieval"},{"issue":"2","key":"40_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-010-9188-4","volume":"35","author":"J Silva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silva, J., Coheur, L., Mendes, A.C., Wichert, A.: From symbolic to sub-symbolic information in question classification. Artif. Intell. Rev. 35(2), 137\u2013154 (2011)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"40_CR7","unstructured":"Nakagawa, T., Inui, K., Kurohashi, S.: Dependency tree-based sentiment classification using CRFs with hidden variables. In: Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 786\u2013794. Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)"},{"key":"40_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lendvai, P., Geertzen, J.: Token-based chunking of turn-internal dialogue act sequences. In: Proceedings of the 8th SIGDIAL Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, pp. 174\u2013181 (2007)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2007.sigdial-1.30"},{"key":"40_CR9","unstructured":"Lee, J.Y., Dernoncourt, F.: Sequential short-text classification with recurrent and convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2016 (2016). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1603.03827"},{"key":"40_CR10","unstructured":"Kim, Y.: Convolutional neural networks for sentence classification. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2014) (2014). http:\/\/emnlp2014.org\/papers\/pdf\/EMNLP2014181.pdf"},{"key":"40_CR11","unstructured":"Socher, R., Huval, B., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Semantic compositionality through recursive matrix-vector spaces. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 1201\u20131211. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)"},{"key":"40_CR12","first-page":"2493","volume":"12","author":"R Collobert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collobert, R., Weston, J., Bottou, L., Karlen, M., Kavukcuoglu, K., Kuksa, P.: Natural language processing (Almost) from Scratch. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2493\u20132537 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"40_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalchbrenner, N., Grefenstette, E., Blunsom, P.: A convolutional neural network for modelling sentences. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, June 2014. http:\/\/goo.gl\/EsQCuC","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1062"},{"key":"40_CR14","unstructured":"Santos, C.D., Zadrozny, B.: Learning character-level representations for part-of-speech tagging. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2014), pp. 1818\u20131826 (2014)"},{"key":"40_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30115-8_22","volume-title":"Machine Learning: ECML 2004","author":"Bryan Klimt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klimt, B., Yang, Y.: The enron corpus: a new dataset for email classification research. In: Boulicaut, J.F., Esposito, F., Giannotti, F., Pedreschi, D. (eds.) Machine Learning: ECML 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3201, pp. 217\u2013226. Springer, Heidelberg (2004) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-30115-8_22"},{"key":"40_CR16","unstructured":"Cohen, W.W., Carvalho, V.R., Mitchell, T.: Learning to classify email into \u201cSpeech Acts\u201d. In: EMNLP 2004, vol. 4, pp. 309\u2013316 (2004). http:\/\/acl.ldc.upenn.edu\/acl2004\/emnlp\/pdf\/Cohen.pdf"},{"key":"40_CR17","unstructured":"Conneau, A., Schwenk, H., Barrault, L., Lecun, Y.: Very deep convolutional networks for natural language processing. In: Proceedings of EACL 2017 (2017). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1606.01781"},{"issue":"8","key":"40_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.1.1","volume":"9","author":"S Hochreiter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1\u201332 (1997)","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"56","key":"40_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.06.042","volume":"18","author":"A Graves","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graves, A., Schmidhuber, J.: Framewise phoneme classification with bidirectional LSTM and other neural network architectures. Neural Netw. 18(56), 602\u2013610 (2005). http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0893608005001206","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"40_CR20","unstructured":"Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. In: 3rd International Conference for Learning Representations (2015). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1412.6980"}],"container-title":["Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","Intelligent Systems and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01054-6_40","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:28:28Z","timestamp":1775262508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01054-6_40"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]]},"ISBN":["9783030010539","9783030010546"],"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01054-6_40","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-5357","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-5365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"IntelliSys","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Proceedings of SAI Intelligent Systems Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"London","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 September 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7 September 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"intellisys2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/saiconference.com\/IntelliSys2018\/CallforPapers","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}