{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:08:29Z","timestamp":1775797709382,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030012366","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030012373","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_38","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T14:42:18Z","timestamp":1538836938000},"page":"627-644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Urban Zoning Using Higher-Order Markov Random Fields on Multi-View Imagery Data"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Quang-Trung","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Duc Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jing Yu","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lap-Fai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sai-Kit","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"38_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/000271623115500202","volume":"155","author":"G Whitnall","year":"1931","unstructured":"Whitnall, G.: History of zoning. Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. 155, 1\u201314 (1931)","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"38_CR2","volume-title":"Zoning: Its Costs and Relevance for the 1980s","author":"M GoLdberg","year":"1980","unstructured":"GoLdberg, M., Horwood, P., Block, W.: Zoning: Its Costs and Relevance for the 1980s. Fraser Institute\u2019s housing and land economics series, Fraser Institute (1980)"},{"issue":"4","key":"38_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.2000.0369","volume":"59","author":"D Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown, D., Pijanowski, B., Duh, J.: Modeling the relationships between land use and land cover on private lands in the upper midwest, USA. J. Environ. Manag. 59(4), 247\u2013263 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"38_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2010.11.006","volume":"31","author":"O Rozenstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rozenstein, O., Karnieli, A.: Comparison of methods for land-use classification incorporating remote sensing and GIS inputs. Appl. Geogr. 31(2), 533\u2013544 (2011)","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"issue":"3","key":"38_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-010-0483-8","volume":"65","author":"D Tuia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tuia, D., Mu\u00f1oz-Mar\u00ed, J., Kanevski, M., Camps-Valls, G.: Structured output svm for remote sensing image classification. J. Signal Process. Syst. 65(3), 301\u2013310 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Signal Process. Syst."},{"key":"38_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"B Frohlich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frohlich, B., Bach, E., Walde, I., Hese, S., Schmullius, C., Denzler, J.: Land cover classification of satellite images using contextual information. Ann. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 1, 1\u20136 (2013)","journal-title":"Ann. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"38_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2014.2360833","volume":"12","author":"B Banerjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banerjee, B., Bovolo, F., Bhattacharya, A., Bruzzone, L., Chaudhuri, S., Mohan, B.: A new self-training-based unsupervised satellite image classification technique using cluster ensemble strategy. IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett. 12(4), 741\u2013745 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"38_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2321423","volume":"53","author":"P Tokarczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tokarczyk, P., Wegner, J., Walk, S., Schindler, K.: Features, color spaces, and boosting: new insights on semantic classification of remote sensing images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens. 53(1), 280\u2013295 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"38_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpi, M., Ferrari, V.: Semantic segmentation of urban scenes by learning local class interactions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2015.7301377"},{"issue":"2","key":"38_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2616585","volume":"55","author":"M Volpi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volpi, M., Tuia, D.: Dense semantic labeling of sub-decimeter resolution images with convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens. 55(2), 881\u2013893 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"38_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsannals-II-3-W5-369-2015","volume":"II-3\/W5","author":"L. Albert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Albert, L., Rottensteiner, F., Heipke, C.: An Iterative Inference Procedure Applying Conditional Random Fields for Simultaneous Classification of Land Cover and Land Use. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, pp. 369\u2013376, August 2015","journal-title":"ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences"},{"key":"38_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porway, J., Wang, K., Yao, B., Zhu, S.C.: A hierarchical and contextual model for aerial image understanding. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u20138 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587359"},{"issue":"2","key":"38_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0306-1","volume":"88","author":"J Porway","year":"2010","unstructured":"Porway, J., Wang, Q., Zhu, S.C.: A hierarchical and contextual model for aerial image parsing. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 88(2), 254\u2013283 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"3","key":"38_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.714510","volume":"34","author":"S Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu, S., Wang, L.: Automated urban land-use classification with remote sensing. Int. J. Remote. Sens. 34(3), 790\u2013803 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"38_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2009.2023536","volume":"7","author":"M Lienou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lienou, M., Maitre, H., Datcu, M.: Semantic annotation of satellite images using latent dirichlet allocation. IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett. 7, 28\u201332 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"38_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2015.2483680","volume":"12","author":"FPS Luus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luus, F.P.S., Salmon, B.P., van den Bergh, F., Maharaj, B.T.J.: Multiview deep learning for land-use classification. IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett. 12(12), 2448\u20132452 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett."},{"key":"38_CR17","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Land Cover Classification System (LCCS): classification concepts and user manual (2000)"},{"issue":"1","key":"38_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168508948430","volume":"6","author":"BC Forster","year":"1985","unstructured":"Forster, B.C.: An examination of some problems and solutions in monitoring urban areas from satellite platforms. Int. J. Remote. Sens. 6(1), 139\u2013151 (1985)","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"8","key":"38_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169208904202","volume":"13","author":"P Gong","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gong, P., Howarth, P.J.: Land-use classification of spot hrv data using a cover-frequency method. Int. J. Remote. Sens. 13(8), 1459\u20131471 (1991)","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"8","key":"38_CR20","first-page":"949","volume":"62","author":"MJ Barnsley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barnsley, M.J., Barr, S.L.: Inferring urban land use from satellite sensor images using kernel-based spatial reclassification. Photogramm. Eng. Remote. Sens. 62(8), 949\u2013958 (1996)","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"4","key":"38_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185597","volume":"31","author":"Carl Doersch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doersch, C., Singh, S., Gupta, A., Sivic, J., Efros, A.A.: What makes paris look like paris? ACM Trans. Graph. 31(4), 101:1\u2013101:9 (2012)","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"38_CR22","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10578-9_34","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014","author":"B Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou, B., Liu, L., Oliva, A., Torralba, A.: Recognizing city identity via attribute analysis of geo-tagged images. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8691, pp. 519\u2013534. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10578-9_34"},{"key":"38_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Zhang, H., Crandall, D.J.: Predicting geo-informative attributes in large-scale image collections using convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 550\u2013557 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2015.79"},{"key":"38_CR24","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10599-4_32","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014","author":"V Ordonez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ordonez, V., Berg, T.L.: Learning high-level judgments of urban perception. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8694, pp. 494\u2013510. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10599-4_32"},{"key":"38_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quercia, D., O\u2019Hare, N.K., Cramer, H.: Aesthetic capital: What makes London look beautiful, quiet, and happy? In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 945\u2013955. ACM, New York (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531613"},{"key":"38_CR26","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_12","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2016","author":"A Dubey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dubey, A., Naik, N., Parikh, D., Raskar, R., Hidalgo, C.A.: Deep learning the city: quantifying urban perception at a global scale. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9905, pp. 196\u2013212. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_12"},{"key":"38_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung, D., Newsam, S.: Proximate sensing: inferring what-is-where from georeferenced photo collections. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2955\u20132962 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540040"},{"key":"38_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oba, H., Hirota, M., Chbeir, R., Ishikawa, H., Yokoyama, S.: Towards better land cover classification using geo-tagged photographs. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, pp. 320\u2013327 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISM.2014.78"},{"key":"38_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frey, N., Torralba, A., Stauffer, C.: Unsupervised non-parametric geospatial modeling from ground imagery. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 698\u2013705 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2014.6836034"},{"key":"38_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T.Y., Cui, Y., Belongie, S., Hays, J.: Learning deep representations for ground-to-aerial geolocalization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5007\u20135015 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299135"},{"key":"38_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e1ttyus, G., Wang, S., Fidler, S., Urtasun, R.: Hd maps: Fine-grained road segmentation by parsing ground and aerial images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3611\u20133619 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.393"},{"key":"38_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Workman, S., Zhai, M., Crandall, D.J., Jacobs, N.: A unified model for near and remote sensing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2688\u20132697 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.293"},{"key":"38_CR33","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl, P., Koltun, V.: Efficient inference in fully connected CRFs with gaussian edge potentials. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 109\u2013117 (2011)"},{"key":"38_CR34","unstructured":"Felzenszwalb, P.F., Huttenlocher, D.P.: Distance transforms of sampled functions. Technical report, Cornell Computing and Information Science (2004)"},{"key":"38_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007665907178","volume":"37","author":"MI Jordan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jordan, M.I., Ghahramani, Z., Jaakkola, T.S., Saul, L.: An introduction to variational methods for graphical models. Mach. Learn. 37, 183\u2013233 (1999)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"38_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000001","volume":"1","author":"MJ Wainwright","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wainwright, M.J., Jordan, M.I.: Graphical models, exponential families, and variational inference. Found. Trends Mach. Learn. 1(1\u20132), 1\u2013305 (2008)","journal-title":"Found. Trends Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"3","key":"38_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-014-0708-6","volume":"110","author":"V Vineet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vineet, V., Warrell, J., Torr, P.H.S.: Filter-based mean-field inference for random fields with higher-order terms and product label-spaces. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 110(3), 290\u2013307 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"8","key":"38_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.231","volume":"35","author":"C Farabet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farabet, C., Couprie, C., Najman, L., LeCun, Y.: Learning hierarchical features for scene labeling. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(8), 1915\u20131929 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"38_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011139631724","volume":"42","author":"A Oliva","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oliva, A., Torralba, A.: Modeling the shape of the scene: a holistic representation of the spatial envelope. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 42(3), 145\u2013175 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"38_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalal, N., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 886\u2013893 (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"issue":"1","key":"38_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00067-4","volume":"29","author":"T Ojala","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ojala, T., Pietik\u01ceinen, M., Harwood, D.: A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on featured distributions. Pattern Recognit. 29(1), 51\u201359 (1996)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"38_CR42","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1106\u20131114 (2012)"},{"key":"38_CR43","unstructured":"Zhou, B., Lapedriza, \u00c0., Xiao, J., Torralba, A., Oliva, A.: Learning deep features for scene recognition using places database. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 487\u2013495 (2014)"},{"issue":"1","key":"38_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5\u201332 (2001)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"38_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuncheva, L.I.: Combining Pattern Classifiers: Methods and Algorithms. Wiley-Interscience (2004)","DOI":"10.1002\/0471660264"},{"key":"38_CR46","unstructured":"USGS: The national map. https:\/\/viewer.nationalmap.gov\/basic\/"},{"key":"38_CR47","unstructured":"Esri Inc.: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., July 1998"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2018"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_38","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T18:48:52Z","timestamp":1775242132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783030012366","9783030012373"],"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_38","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ECCV","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Computer Vision","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Munich","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 September 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 September 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"eccv2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/eccv2018.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}