{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:53:39Z","timestamp":1786038819372,"version":"3.56.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030012632","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030012649","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T04:20:53Z","timestamp":1538972453000},"page":"105-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation via Evaluation-Guided Asymmetric Regression"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yihua","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xucong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Sugano, Y., Bulling, A.: Everyday eye contact detection using unsupervised gaze target discovery. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), pp. 193\u2013203 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3126594.3126614"},{"key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugano, Y., Zhang, X., Bulling, A.: Aggregaze: collective estimation of audience attention on public displays. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), pp. 821\u2013831 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984536"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2337758","volume":"23","author":"X Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun, X., Yao, H., Ji, R., Liu, X.M.: Toward statistical modeling of saccadic eye-movement and visual saliency. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 23(11), 4649 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4918","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2279941","volume":"22","author":"Q Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng, Q., Agrafiotis, D., Achim, A., Bull, D.: Gaze location prediction for broadcast football video. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(12), 4918\u20134929 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.30","volume":"32","author":"D Hansen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hansen, D., Ji, Q.: In the eye of the beholder: A survey of models for eyes and gaze. IEEE Trans. PAMI 32(3), 478\u2013500 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. PAMI"},{"key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Sugano, Y., Fritz, M., Bulling, A.: Appearance-based gaze estimation in the wild. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4511\u20134520 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299081"},{"key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, W., Deng, H.: Monocular free-head 3D gaze tracking with deep learning and geometry constraints. In: The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.341"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-008-0152-6","volume":"81","author":"V Lepetit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lepetit, V., Moreno-Noguer, F., Fua, P.: EPNP: an accurate o(n) solution to the pnp problem. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 81(2), 155 (2008)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR9","first-page":"4","volume":"98","author":"C Morimoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morimoto, C., Mimica, M.: Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications. CVIU 98(1), 4\u201324 (2005)","journal-title":"CVIU"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.863952","volume":"53","author":"E Guestrin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guestrin, E., Eizenman, M.: General theory of remote gaze estimation using the pupil center and corneal reflections. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53(6), 1124\u20131133 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.895750","volume":"54","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu, Z., Ji, Q.: Novel eye gaze tracking techniques under natural head movement. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. J. 54(12), 2246\u20132260 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. J."},{"key":"7_CR12","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33709-3_12","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2012","author":"A Nakazawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nakazawa, A., Nitschke, C.: Point of gaze estimation through corneal surface reflection in an active illumination environment. In: Fitzgibbon, A., Lazebnik, S., Perona, P., Sato, Y., Schmid, C. (eds.) ECCV 2012. LNCS, pp. 159\u2013172. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-33709-3_12"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2162740","volume":"21","author":"R Valenti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valenti, R., Sebe, N., Gevers, T.: Combining head pose and eye location information for gaze estimation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. Publ. IEEE Signal Process. Soc. 21(2), 802\u2013815 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process. Publ. IEEE Signal Process. Soc."},{"key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeni, L.A., Cohn, J.F.: Person-independent 3d gaze estimation using face frontalization. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 792\u2013800 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2016.104"},{"key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Funes Mora, K.A., Odobez, J.M.: Geometric generative gaze estimation (g3e) for remote RGB-D cameras. In: IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, pp. 1773\u20131780 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.229"},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, X., Liu, Z., Cai, Q., Zhang, Z.: Eye gaze tracking using an RGBD camera: a comparison with a RGB solution. The 4th International Workshop on Pervasive Eye Tracking and Mobile Eye-Based Interaction (PETMEI 2014), pp. 1113\u20131121 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2638728.2641694"},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Ji, Q.: Real time eye gaze tracking with 3d deformable eye-face model. In: The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.114"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195475","volume":"34","author":"AT Duchowski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Duchowski, A.T.: A breadth-first survey of eye-tracking applications. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 34(4), 455\u2013470 (2002)","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput."},{"key":"7_CR19","unstructured":"Tan, K., Kriegman, D., Ahuja, N.: Appearance-based eye gaze estimation. In: WACV, pp. 191\u2013195 (2002)"},{"key":"7_CR20","unstructured":"Baluja, S., Pomerleau, D.: Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks. Carnegie Mellon University (1994)"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L.Q., Machin, D., Sheppard, P.: A novel approach to real-time non-intrusive gaze finding. In: BMVC, pp. 428\u2013437 (1998)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.12.43"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2313123","volume":"36","author":"F Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu, F., Sugano, Y., Okabe, T., Sato, Y.: Adaptive linear regression for appearance-based gaze estimation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 36(10), 2033\u20132046 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, O., Blake, A., Cipolla, R.: Sparse and semi-supervised visual mapping with the S3GP. In: CVPR, pp. 230\u2013237(2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.285"},{"key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, T., Schauerte, B., Stiefelhagen, R.: Manifold alignment for person independent appearance-based gaze estimation. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 1167\u20131172 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2014.210"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2657880","volume":"26","author":"F Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu, F., Chen, X., Sato, Y.: Appearance-based gaze estimation via uncalibrated gaze pattern recovery. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(4), 1543\u20131553 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2400434","volume":"45","author":"Y Sugano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sugano, Y., Matsushita, Y., Sato, Y., Koike, H.: Appearance-based gaze estimation with online calibration from mouse operations. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 45(6), 750\u2013760 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora, K.A.F., Monay, F., Odobez, J.M.: Eyediap:a database for the development and evaluation of gaze estimation algorithms from RGB and RGB-D cameras. In: Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, pp. 255\u2013258 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2578153.2578190"},{"key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, E., Morency, L.P., Robinson, P., Bulling, A.: Learning an appearance-based gaze estimator from one million synthesised images. In: Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 131\u2013138 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2857491.2857492"},{"key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krafka, K., et al.: Eye tracking for everyone. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2176\u20132184 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.239"},{"key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Sugano, Y., Fritz, M., Bulling, A.: It\u2019s written all over your face: Full-face appearance-based gaze estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.284"},{"key":"7_CR31","unstructured":"Lu, F., Sugano, Y., Okabe, T., Sato, Y.: Head pose-free appearance-based gaze sensing via eye image synthesis. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1008\u20131011 (2012)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.101","volume":"35","author":"Y Sugano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sugano, Y., Matsushita, Y., Sato, Y.: Appearance-based gaze estimation using visual saliency. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(2), 329 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"7_CR33","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2012)"},{"key":"7_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugano, Y., Matsushita, Y., Sato, Y.: Learning-by-synthesis for appearance-based 3D gaze estimation. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1821\u20131828 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.235"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2018"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T18:52:59Z","timestamp":1775242379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783030012632","9783030012649"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}