{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:46:57Z","timestamp":1775245617196,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030012663","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030012670","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1538830956000},"page":"196-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Salient Objects in Clutter: Bringing Salient Object Detection to the Foreground"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deng-Ping","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5550-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1341-2763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang-Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7055-2703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Hua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qibin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-0335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Borji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achanta, R., Hemami, S., Estrada, F., Susstrunk, S.: Frequency-tuned Salient Region Detection. In: CVPR, pp. 1597\u20131604. IEEE (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206596"},{"key":"12_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alpert, S., Galun, M., Basri, R., Brandt, A.: Image segmentation by probabilistic bottom-up aggregation and cue integration. In: CVPR, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383017"},{"issue":"12","key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5706","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2487833","volume":"24","author":"A Borji","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borji, A., Cheng, M.M., Jiang, H., Li, J.: Salient object detection: a benchmark. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 24(12), 5706\u20135722 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.89","volume":"35","author":"A Borji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borji, A., Itti, L.: State-of-the-art in visual attention modeling. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(1), 185\u2013207 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR5","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33709-3_30","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2012","author":"A Borji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borji, A., Sihite, D.N., Itti, L.: Salient object detection: a benchmark. In: Fitzgibbon, A., Lazebnik, S., Perona, P., Sato, Y., Schmid, C. (eds.) ECCV 2012. LNCS, pp. 414\u2013429. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-33709-3_30"},{"key":"12_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caesar, H., Uijlings, J., Ferrari, V.: COCO-stuff: thing and stuff classes in context. In: CVPR. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00132"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR7","first-page":"124","volume":"28","author":"T Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, T., Cheng, M.M., Tan, P., Shamir, A., Hu, S.M.: Sketch2photo: internet image montage. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 28(5), 124 (2009)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG)"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2015.2506664","volume":"27","author":"T Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, T., Lin, L., Liu, L., Luo, X., Li, X.: DISC: deep image saliency computing via progressive representation learning. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 27(6), 1135\u20131149 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-017-1681-7","volume":"32","author":"MM Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng, M.M., Hou, Q.B., Zhang, S.H., Rosin, P.L.: Intelligent visual media processing: when graphics meets vision. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 32(1), 110\u2013121 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-013-0867-4","volume":"30","author":"MM Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng, M.M., Mitra, N.J., Huang, X., Hu, S.M.: Salientshape: group saliency in image collections. Vis. Comput. 30(4), 443\u2013453 (2014)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2345401","volume":"37","author":"MM Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng, M.M., Mitra, N.J., Huang, X., Torr, P.H.S., Hu, S.M.: Global contrast based salient region detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 37(3), 569\u2013582 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR12","unstructured":"Everingham, M., Van Gool, L., Williams, C.K.I., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: The PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2010 (VOC 2010) Results. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Luc_Van_Gool\/publication\/277292831_The_2005_pascal_visual_object_classes_challenge\/links\/57224cf108aef9c00b7c7efb.pdf"},{"key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, D.P., Cheng, M.M., Liu, Y., Li, T., Borji, A.: Structure-measure: a new way to evaluate foreground maps. In: ICCV, pp. 4548\u20134557. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.487"},{"key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, D.P., Gong, C., Cao, Y., Ren, B., Cheng, M.M., Borji, A.: Enhanced-alignment measure for binary foreground map evaluation. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 698\u2013704 (2018)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/97"},{"key":"12_CR15","unstructured":"Gayoung, L., Yu-Wing, T., Junmo, K.: Deep saliency with encoded low level distance map and high level features. In: CVPR, IEEE (2016)"},{"key":"12_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, J. et al.: Mobile product search with bag of hash bits and boundary reranking. In: CVPR, pp. 3005\u20133012. IEEE (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2072298.2072485"},{"key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hou, Q., Cheng, M.M., Hu, X., Borji, A., Tu, Z., Torr, P.: Deeply supervised salient object detection with short connections. IEEE TPAMI (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2815688","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2815688"},{"key":"12_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, Q., Dokania, P.K., Massiceti, D., Wei, Y., Cheng, M.M., Torr, P.H.S.: Bottom-up top-down cues for weakly supervised semantic segmentation. In: EMMCVPR. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78199-0_18"},{"key":"12_CR19","unstructured":"Jiang, H., Cheng, M.M., Li, S.J., Borji, A., Wang, J.: Joint salient object detection and existence prediction. Front. Comput. Sci., 1\u201311 (2017)"},{"key":"12_CR20","unstructured":"Judd, T., Durand, F., Torralba, A.: A benchmark of computational models of saliency to predict human fixations. In: MIT Technical Report (2012)"},{"issue":"8","key":"12_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.151","volume":"27","author":"S Lazebnik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lazebnik, S., Schmid, C., Ponce, J.: A sparse texture representation using local affine regions. IEEE TPAMI 27(8), 1265\u20131278 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE TPAMI"},{"key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Xie, Y., Lin, L., Yu, Y.: Instance-level salient object segmentation. In: CVPR, pp. 247\u2013256. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.34"},{"key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Yu, Y.: Visual saliency based on multiscale deep features. In: CVPR, pp. 5455\u20135463. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299184"},{"key":"12_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Yu, Y.: Deep contrast learning for salient object detection. In: CVPR, pp. 478\u2013487. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.58"},{"issue":"8","key":"12_CR25","first-page":"3919","volume":"25","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhao, L., Wei, L., Yang, M.H., Wu, F., Zhuang, Y., Ling, H., Wang, J.: DeepSaliency: multi-task deep neural network model for salient object detection. IEEE TIP 25(8), 3919\u20133930 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE TIP"},{"key":"12_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Hou, X., Koch, C., Rehg, J.M., Yuille, A.L.: The secrets of salient object segmentation. In: CVPR, pp. 280\u2013287. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.43"},{"key":"12_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014","author":"Tsung-Yi Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin, T.-Y. et al.: Microsoft COCO: common objects in context. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8693, pp. 740\u2013755. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"12_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, N., Han, J.: DHSNet: deep hierarchical saliency network for salient object detection. In: CVPR, pp. 678\u2013686. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.80"},{"key":"12_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, T., Sun, J., Zheng, N., Tang, X., Shum, H.Y.: Learning to detect a salient object. In: CVPR, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383047"},{"key":"12_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, J., Shelhamer, E., Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: CVPR, pp. 3431\u20133440. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Mishra, A.K., Achkar, A., Eichel, J.A., Li, S., Jodoin, P.M.: Non-local deep features for salient object detection. In: CVPR, vol. 2, p. 7 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.698"},{"key":"12_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, D., Fowlkes, C., Tal, D., Malik, J.: A database of human segmented natural images and its application to evaluating segmentation algorithms and measuring ecological statistics. In: ICCV, vol. 2, pp. 416\u2013423. IEEE (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2001.937655"},{"key":"12_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perazzi, F., Pont-Tuset, J., McWilliams, B., Van Gool, L., Gross, M., Sorkine-Hornung, A.: A benchmark dataset and evaluation methodology for video object segmentation. In: CVPR, pp. 724\u2013732. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.85"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y","volume":"115","author":"Olga Russakovsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Russakovsky, O. et al.: Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge. IJCV 115(3), 211\u2013252 (2015)","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0977-3","volume":"123","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, J., Jiang, H., Yuan, Z., Cheng, M.M., Hu, X., Zheng, N.: Salient object detection: a discriminative regional feature integration approach. IJCV 123(2), 251\u2013268 (2017)","journal-title":"IJCV"},{"key":"12_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Lu, H., Ruan, X., Yang, M.H.: Deep networks for saliency detection via local estimation and global search. In: CVPR, pp. 3183\u20133192. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298938"},{"key":"12_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al.: Learning to detect salient objects with image-level supervision. In: CVPR, pp. 136\u2013145. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.404"},{"key":"12_CR38","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_50","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2016","author":"L Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, L., Lu, H., Zhang, P., Ruan, X.: Saliency detection with recurrent fully convolutional networks. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9908, pp. 825\u2013841. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_50"},{"key":"12_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Y., Feng, J., Liang, X., Cheng, M.M., Zhao, Y., Yan, S.: Object region mining with adversarial erasing: a simple classification to semantic segmentation approach. In: CVPR. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.687"},{"issue":"11","key":"12_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2636150","volume":"39","author":"Y Wei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wei, Y.: STC: A simple to complex framework for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation. IEEE TPAMI 39(11), 2314\u20132320 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE TPAMI"},{"key":"12_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, C., Li, J., Chen, X., Zheng, A., Zhang, Y.: What is and what is not a salient object? Learning salient object detector by ensembling linear exemplar regressors. In: CVPR. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.468"},{"key":"12_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, S., Tu, Z.: Holistically-nested edge detection. In: ICCV, pp. 1395\u20131403. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.164"},{"key":"12_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Q., Xu, L., Shi, J., Jia, J.: Hierarchical saliency detection. In: CVPR, pp. 1155\u20131162. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.153"},{"key":"12_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, C., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Ruan, X., Yang, M.H.: Saliency detection via graph-based manifold ranking. In: CVPR, pp. 3166\u20133173. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.407"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01568.x","volume":"28","author":"GX Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang, G.X., Cheng, M.M., Hu, S.M., Martin, R.R.: A shape-preserving approach to image resizing. Comput. Graph. Forum 28(7), 1897\u20131906 (2009)","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum"},{"key":"12_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al.: Salient object subitizing. In: CVPR, pp. 4045\u20134054. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299031"},{"key":"12_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Sclaroff, S., Lin, Z., Shen, X., Price, B., Mech, R.: Unconstrained salient object detection via proposal subset optimization. In: CVPR, pp. 5733\u20135742. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.618"},{"key":"12_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Dai, Y., Porikli, F.: Deep salient object detection by integrating multi-level cues. In: Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1\u201310. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2017.8"},{"key":"12_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Wang, D., Lu, H., Wang, H., Ruan, X.: Amulet: aggregating multi-level convolutional features for salient object detection. In: ICCV, pp. 202\u2013211 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.31"},{"key":"12_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Wang, D., Lu, H., Wang, H., Yin, B.: Learning uncertain convolutional features for accurate saliency detection. In: ICCV, pp. 212\u2013221 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.32"},{"key":"12_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, R., Ouyang, W., Li, H., Wang, X.: Saliency detection by multi-context deep learning. In: CVPR, pp. 1265\u20131274. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298731"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2018"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T18:48:05Z","timestamp":1775242085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783030012663","9783030012670"],"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ECCV","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Computer Vision","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Munich","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 September 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 September 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"eccv2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/eccv2018.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}