{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T01:52:48Z","timestamp":1743126768521,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030021511"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030021528"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02152-8_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T09:20:14Z","timestamp":1556616014000},"page":"135-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Media of Programming"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Priestley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Haigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"8_CR1","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1944. ENIAC progress report dated June 30, 1944 In Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Office of the Director Records (box 1): UPD 8.4, University Archives and Records, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR2","unstructured":"Bloch, Robert. 1984. Oral History Interview with William Aspray, Februrary 22, 1984. Charles Babbage Institute, Minneapolis, MN."},{"key":"8_CR3","unstructured":"Burks, Arthur W. n.d. Unpublished book manuscript. In Arthur W. Burks papers, Institute for American Thought, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN."},{"key":"8_CR4","unstructured":"Burks, Arthur W., Herman Heine Goldstine, and John von Neumann. 1946. Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Computing Instrument. Princeton, NJ: Institute for Advanced Studies, 28 June 1946."},{"key":"8_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell-Kelly, Martin. 1981. \u201cProgramming the Pilot Ace: Early Programming Activity at the National Physical Laboratory\u201d. Annals of the History of Computing no. 3 (2):133\u2013162.","DOI":"10.1109\/MAHC.1981.10015"},{"key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3594.001.0001","volume-title":"Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer","author":"IB Cohen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cohen, I. Bernard. 1999. Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"issue":"827","key":"8_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1948.0008","volume":"241","author":"W. F. Cope","year":"1948","unstructured":"Cope, W. F. and Hartree D. R. 1948. The Laminar Boundary Layer in Compresible Flow. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. 241(827), 1\u201369.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"8_CR9","volume-title":"Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age","author":"BJ Copeland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Copeland, B. Jack. 2013. Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age. New York, NY: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR10","first-page":"9","volume":"39","author":"B. Jack Copeland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Copeland, B. Jack, Andre A. Haeff, Peter Gough, and Cameron Wright. 2017. \u201cScreen History: The Haeff Memory and Graphics Tube\u201d. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing no. 39 (1):9\u201328.","journal-title":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1109\/MAHC.2003.1226655","volume":"25","author":"M. Croarken","year":"2003","unstructured":"Croarken, Mary. 2003. \u201cTabulating the Heavens: Computing the Nautical Alamanac in 18th-Century England\u201d. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing no. 25 (3):48\u201361.","journal-title":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"},{"key":"8_CR12","unstructured":"Curry, Haskell. 1945. Letter to John von Neumann, August 10, 1945. In John von Neumann papers (box 3, folder 2): Library of Congress, Washington, DC."},{"key":"8_CR13","volume-title":"Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer","author":"M Davis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davis, Martin. 2001. Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer. New York, NY: Norton."},{"key":"8_CR14","unstructured":"Eckert, J. P., Jr, and J. W. Mauchly, 1944. \u201cUse of acoustical, electrical, or other transmission line in a device for the registering of pulses, the counting, switching, sorting and scaling of pulses, and the use of such devices for performing arithmetic operations with pulses\u201d. August 1944. In Herman H. Goldstine papers (box 21): American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR15","unstructured":"Eckert, J. Presper, and John W. Mauchly. 1945. Automatic High Speed Computing: A Progress Report in the EDVAC. Report of Work Under Contract No. W_570_ORD_1926, Supplement No 4. (Plantiff Exhibit 3540). September 30. In ENIAC Patent Trial Collection: UPD 8.10, University of Pennsylvania Archives and Records Center, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR16","unstructured":"Eckert, J. P., and T. K. Sharpless. 1945. Final Report under Contract OEMsr 387. Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Philadelphia, November 14, 1945. In Britton Chance papers (box 80, folder 7): American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR17","unstructured":"Goldstine, Herman H, and John von Neumann. 1947. Planning and Coding Problems for an Electronic Computing Instrument. Part II, Volume 1. Princeton, NJ: Institute for Advanced Studies."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/85.476561","volume":"18","author":"D.A. Grier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grier, David Alan. 1996. \u201cThe ENIAC, the Verb \u2018to program\u2019 and the Emergence of Digital Computers\u201d. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing no. 18 (1):51\u201355.","journal-title":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"},{"key":"8_CR19","volume-title":"When Computers Were Human","author":"DA Grier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grier, David Alan. 2006. When Computers Were Human. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/2846088","volume":"59","author":"Thomas Haigh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haigh, Thomas, and Mark Priestley. 2016. \u201cWhere Code Comes From: Architectures of Automatic Control from Babbage to Algol\u201d. Communications of the ACM no. 59 (1):39\u201344.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MAHC.2013.56","volume":"36","author":"Thomas Haigh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haigh, Thomas, Mark Priestley, and Crispin Rope. 2014. \u201cReconsidering the Stored Program Concept\u201d. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing no. 36 (1):4\u201317.","journal-title":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"},{"key":"8_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262033985.001.0001","volume-title":"ENIAC In Action: Making and Remaking the Modern Computer","author":"T Haigh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haigh, Thomas, Mark Priestley, and Crispin Rope. 2016. ENIAC In Action: Making and Remaking the Modern Computer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"8_CR24","unstructured":"IAS. 1945. Minutes of E.C. Meeting, November 19. Institute of Advanced Studies. In Herman H. Goldstine papers (box 27): American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR23","unstructured":"IBM. IBM 650 Technical Fact Sheet, July 20. IBM Archives 1955."},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1145\/356580.356581","volume":"2","author":"Donald E. Knuth","year":"1970","unstructured":"Knuth, Donald E. 1970. \u201cVon Neumann's First Computer Program.\u201d ACM Computing Surveys no. 2 (4):247\u2013260.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"8_CR26","unstructured":"Lubkin, Samuel. 1947. Proposed Programming for the EDVAC. Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Philadelphia, January 1947. In Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Office of the Director Records (box 8): UPD 8.4, University Archives and Records, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman, M H A. 1948. \u201cGeneral Principles of the Design of All-Purpose Computing Machines\u201d. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A no. 195:271\u2013274.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1948.0129"},{"key":"8_CR027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Post, E. L. (1936) Finite combinatory processes - formulation 1. Journal of Symbolic Logic 1 (3):103\u2013105.","DOI":"10.2307\/2269031"},{"key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priestley, Mark. 2018. Routines of Substitution: John von Neumann's work on Software Development, 1945\u20131948. (Springer, 2018).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91671-2"},{"key":"8_CR29","unstructured":"Rajchman, Jan. 1946 The Selectron. In Cambell-Kelly, M., and Williams, M. R. The Moore School Lectures. MIT Press, 1985."},{"key":"8_CR30","unstructured":"Rochester, Nathaniel. 1949. A Calculator Using Electrostatic Storage and a Stored Program. May 17, 1949. IBM Corporate Archives, Somers, NY."},{"key":"8_CR31","unstructured":"Staff of the Harvard Computation Laboratory. 1946. A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"8_CR32","unstructured":"Stibitz, George R. 1967. \u201cThe Relay Computers at Bell Labs.\u201d Datamation 13 (4):35\u201344 and 13 (5):45\u201350."},{"key":"8_CR33","volume-title":"The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer","author":"D Swade","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swade, Doron. 2001. The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer. New York: Viking Penguin."},{"key":"8_CR1000","unstructured":"The Staff of the Computation Laboratory. 1949. Description of a Relay Calculator, Volume XIV of the Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1112\/plms\/s2-42.1.230","volume":"s2-42","author":"A. M. Turing","year":"1937","unstructured":"Turing, A. M. (1936) On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 42:230\u2013265.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society"},{"key":"8_CR34","unstructured":"Turing, Alan. 1946. Proposed Electronic Calculator. NPL. Reprinted in Carpenter, B. E. and Doran, R. W (1986), A. M. Turing's ACE Report of 1946 and Other Papers (MIT Press)."},{"key":"8_CR35","unstructured":"von Neumann, John. 1944. Letter to Robert Oppenheimer, August 1, 1944 (Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-UR-12-24686)."},{"key":"8_CR36","unstructured":"von Neumann, John. 1945. Letter to Herman Goldstine, February 12, 1945. In Herman H. Goldstine papers (box 9): American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Neumann, John, 1945. First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, June 30, 1945.","DOI":"10.5479\/sil.538961.39088011475779"},{"key":"8_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7249\/CP537","volume-title":"RAND and the Information Evolution: A History in Essays and Vignettes","author":"WH Ware","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ware, Willis H. 2008. RAND and the Information Evolution: A History in Essays and Vignettes. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation."},{"key":"8_CR39","unstructured":"Wilkes, M., Wheeler, D. J., Gill, S. 1951. The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer. Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"8_CR40","unstructured":"Williams, S. B. 1944. \u201cCalculating System\u201d. Bell Telephone Laboratories, March 29, 1944. In Herman H. Goldstine papers (box 20): American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"8_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuse, Konrad. 1993. The Computer\u2014My Life. Berling\/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-02931-2"}],"container-title":["History of Computing","Exploring the Early Digital"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02152-8_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]],"date-time":"2019-11-24T07:07:13Z","timestamp":1574579233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02152-8_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030021511","9783030021528"],"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02152-8_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-6831","2190-684X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2190-6831"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2190-684X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}