{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:33:44Z","timestamp":1775266424498,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030026974","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030026981","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02698-1_21","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T11:46:59Z","timestamp":1541677619000},"page":"243-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Radar HRRP Target Recognition with Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"21_CR1","first-page":"58","volume":"28","author":"B Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen, B., Liu, H.W., Bao, Z.: Analysis of three kinds of classification based on different absolute alignment methods. Mod. Radar 28(3), 58\u201362 (2006)","journal-title":"Mod. Radar"},{"key":"21_CR2","unstructured":"Bojarski, M., et al.: End to end learning for self-driving cars (2016)"},{"issue":"10","key":"21_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.238","volume":"21","author":"B Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, B., Liu, H., Chai, J., Bao, Z.: Large margin feature weighting method via linear programming. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 21(10), 1475\u20131488 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"21_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1109\/18.857795","volume":"46","author":"HC Chiang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chiang, H.C., Moses, R.L., Potter, L.C.: Model-based classification of radar images. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46(5), 1842\u20131854 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn:20050119","volume":"1","author":"L Du","year":"2007","unstructured":"Du, L., Liu, H., Bao, Z., Zhang, J.: Radar automatic target recognition using complex high-resolution range profiles. IET Radar Sonar Navig. 1(1), 18\u201326 (2007)","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"issue":"5","key":"21_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.912283","volume":"56","author":"L Du","year":"2008","unstructured":"Du, L., Liu, H., Bao, Z.: Radar HRRP statistical recognition: parametric model and model selection. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 56(5), 1931\u20131944 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"21_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.849161","volume":"53","author":"L Du","year":"2005","unstructured":"Du, L., Liu, H., Bao, Z., Xing, M.: Radar HRRP target recognition based on higher order spectra. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 53(7), 2359\u20132368 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"21_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2191965","volume":"60","author":"L Du","year":"2012","unstructured":"Du, L., Liu, H., Wang, P., Feng, B., Pan, M., Bao, Z.: Noise robust radar HRRP target recognition based on multitask factor analysis with small training data size. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 60(7), 3546\u20133559 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"21_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, L., Wang, P., Liu, H., Pan, M., Bao, Z.: Radar HRRP target recognition based on dynamic multi-task hidden markov model. In: Radar Conference, pp. 253\u2013255 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2011.5960538"},{"issue":"7","key":"21_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2141664","volume":"59","author":"L Du","year":"2011","unstructured":"Du, L., Wang, P., Liu, H., Pan, M., Chen, F., Bao, Z.: Bayesian spatiotemporal multitask learning for radar HRRP target recognition. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 59(7), 3182\u20133196 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"21_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, B., Du, L., Liu, H.W., Li, F.: Radar HRRP target recognition based on K-SVD algorithm. In: IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar, pp. 642\u2013645 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/CIE-Radar.2011.6159622"},{"issue":"4","key":"21_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1109\/7.464351","volume":"31","author":"KH Fielding","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fielding, K.H.: Spatiotemporal pattern recognition using hidden markov models. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 31(4), 1292\u20131300 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"21_CR13","series-title":"Studies in Computational Intelligence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24797-2_4","volume-title":"Supervised Sequence Labelling with Recurrent Neural Networks","author":"A Graves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graves, A.: Long short-term memory. In: Graves, A. (ed.) Supervised Sequence Labelling with Recurrent Neural Networks. SCI, vol. 385, pp. 37\u201345. Springer, Berlin (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-24797-2_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"21_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1109\/7.220924","volume":"29","author":"S Hudson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hudson, S., Psaltis, D.: Correlation filters for aircraft identification from radar range profiles. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 29(3), 741\u2013748 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"21_CR15","unstructured":"Ioffe, S., Szegedy, C.: Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift, pp. 448\u2013456 (2015)"},{"issue":"5","key":"21_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2005.847936","volume":"5","author":"S Ji","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ji, S., Liao, X., Carin, L.: Adaptive multiaspect target classification and detection with hidden markov models. IEEE Sens. J. 5(5), 1035\u20131042 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1109\/7.913694","volume":"37","author":"G Jones","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jones, G., Bhanu, B.: Recognizing occluded objects in SAR images. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 37(1), 316\u2013328 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"21_CR18","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I, Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097\u20131105 (2012)"},{"issue":"3","key":"21_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/8.233138","volume":"41","author":"HJ Li","year":"1993","unstructured":"Li, H.J., Yang, S.H.: Using range profiles as feature vectors to identify aerospace objects. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41(3), 261\u2013268 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"21_CR20","unstructured":"Liao, X., Bao, Z., Xing, M.: On the aspect sensitivity of high resolution range profiles and its reduction methods. In: The Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference, pp. 310\u2013315 (2000)"},{"key":"21_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Karafit, M., Burget, L., Cernocky, J., Khudanpur, S.: Recurrent neural network based language model. In: INTERSPEECH 2010, Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, September, pp. 1045\u20131048 (2010)","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-343"},{"issue":"3","key":"21_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1109\/7.784076","volume":"35","author":"RA Mitchell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mitchell, R.A., Westerkamp, J.J.: Robust statistical feature based aircraft identification. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 35(3), 1077\u20131094 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"21_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilubol, C., Pham, Q.H., Mersereau, R.M., Smith, M.J.T., Clements, M.A.: Hidden markov modelling for SAR automatic target recognition. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 1061\u20131064 (1998)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1998.675451"},{"key":"21_CR24","unstructured":"Novak, L.M.: State-of-the-art of SAR automatic target recognition. In: The Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference, pp. 836\u2013843 (2000)"},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/7.913670","volume":"37","author":"JA O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan, J.A., Devore, M.D., Kedia, V., Miller, M.I.: SAR ATR performance using a conditionally Gaussian model. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 37(1), 91\u2013108 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"21_CR26","first-page":"1067","volume":"41","author":"B Pei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pei, B., Bao, Z.: Multi-aspect radar target recognition method based on scattering centers and HMMs classifiers. Acta Electronica Sinica 41(3), 1067\u20131074 (2003)","journal-title":"Acta Electronica Sinica"},{"issue":"1","key":"21_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/36.898664","volume":"39","author":"P Runkle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Runkle, P., Nguyen, L.H., Mcclellan, J.H., Carin, L.: Multi-aspect target detection for SAR imagery using hidden markov models. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens. 39(1), 46\u201355 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"21_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., et al. Going deeper with convolutions. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u20139 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"21_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinyals, O., Toshev, A, Bengio, S., Erhan, D.: Show and tell: a neural image caption generator, pp. 3156\u20133164 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298935"},{"issue":"4","key":"21_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/62.839633","volume":"15","author":"R Williams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williams, R., Westerkamp, J., Gross, D., Palomino, A.: Automatic target recognition of time critical moving targets using 1D high range resolution (HRR) radar. IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 15(4), 37\u201343 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"21_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1431251","volume":"41","author":"M Xing","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xing, M., Bao, Z., Pei, B.: Properties of high-resolution range profiles. Opt. Eng. 41(2), 493\u2013504 (2002)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"21_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1109\/78.942617","volume":"49","author":"X Da Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Da Zhang, X., Shi, Y., Bao, Z.: A new feature vector using selected bispectra for signal classification with application in radar target recognition. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 49(9), 1875\u20131885 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"21_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.892708","volume":"55","author":"F Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu, F., Da Zhang, X., Hu, Y.F., Xie, D.: Nonstationary hidden Markov models for multiaspect discriminative feature extraction from radar targets. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 55(5), 2203\u20132214 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"21_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1109\/7.489504","volume":"32","author":"A Zyweck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zyweck, A., Bogner, R.E.: Radar target classification of commercial aircraft. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 32(2), 598\u2013606 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Intelligence Science and Big Data Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02698-1_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:29:50Z","timestamp":1775262590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02698-1_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783030026974","9783030026981"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02698-1_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"IScIDE","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Intelligent Science and Big Data Engineering","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Lanzhou","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 August 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"19 August 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"iscide2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/iscide.lzu.edu.cn\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"121","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"59","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"49% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2.7","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4.9","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}