{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T14:24:46Z","timestamp":1742912686095,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030146566"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030146573"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14657-3_2","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T06:40:50Z","timestamp":1551854450000},"page":"12-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Physiognomy in New Era: A Survey of Automatic Personality Prediction Based on Facial Image"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijian","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2_CR1","volume-title":"The Characters of Theophrastus","author":"JM Edmonds","year":"1967","unstructured":"Edmonds, J.M.: The Characters of Theophrastus. W. Heinemann, London (1967)"},{"key":"2_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812743","volume-title":"Personality Traits","author":"G Matthews","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matthews, G., Deary, I., Whiteman, M.: Personality Traits, 3rd edn, pp. 1\u2013568. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.197","volume":"52","author":"DC Funder","year":"2001","unstructured":"Funder, D.C.: Personality. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52(1), 197\u2013221 (2001). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.197\n                    \n                  . pMID: 11148304","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190127","volume":"57","author":"DJ Ozer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozer, D.J., Benetmartinez, V.: Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 57(1), 401\u2013421 (2006)","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093707","volume":"59","author":"JS Uleman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uleman, J.S., Saribay, S.A., Gonzalez, C.: Spontaneous inferences, implicit impressions, and implicit theories. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 59(1), 329\u2013360 (2008)","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"2_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Moubayed, N., Vazquez-Alvarez, Y., McKay, A., Vinciarelli, A.: Face-based automatic personality perception. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1153\u20131156. ACM (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2655014"},{"issue":"46","key":"2_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705435104","volume":"104","author":"CC Ballew","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ballew, C.C., Todorov, A.: Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(46), 17948\u201317953 (2007)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2_CR8","unstructured":"Brahnam, S.: A study of artificial personality from the perspective of the observer, June 2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"2_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.12.002","volume":"37","author":"S Brahnam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brahnam, S., Nanni, L.: Predicting trait impressions of faces using local face recognition techniques. Expert Syst. Appl. 37(7), 5086\u20135093 (2010)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5\u201332 (2001)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"5","key":"2_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2007.01.004","volume":"41","author":"DR Carney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carney, D.R., Colvin, C.R., Hall, J.A.: A thin slice perspective on the accuracy of first impressions. J. Res. Pers. 41(5), 1054\u20131072 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"2_CR12","unstructured":"Cheng, X.H.: Research on human face detection and recognition. Masters thesis, Xidian University, September 2006"},{"key":"2_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596544","volume-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology","author":"PJ Corr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corr, P.J., Matthews, G.: The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)"},{"key":"2_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristani, M., Vinciarelli, A., Segalin, C., Perina, A.: Unveiling the multimedia unconscious: implicit cognitive processes and multimedia content analysis. In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 213\u2013222. ACM (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2502081.2502280"},{"key":"2_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deary, I.J.: The trait approach to personality. In: The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology, pp. 89\u2013109 (2009)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596544.009"},{"key":"2_CR16","unstructured":"Digman, J.M.: The curious history of the five-factor model (1996)"},{"key":"2_CR17","volume-title":"Pattern Classification","author":"RO Duda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duda, R.O., Hart, P.E., Stork, D.G.: Pattern Classification. Wiley, Hoboken (2012)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90144-Z","volume":"12","author":"HJ Eysenck","year":"1991","unstructured":"Eysenck, H.J.: Dimensions of personality: 16, 5 or 3? - Criteria for a taxonomic paradigm. Personality Individ. Diff. 12(8), 773\u2013790 (1991)","journal-title":"Personality Individ. Diff."},{"key":"2_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815867","volume-title":"Statistical Models: Theory and Practice","author":"DA Freedman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Freedman, D.A.: Statistical Models: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)"},{"key":"2_CR20","unstructured":"Freierman, S.: Constructing a Real-life Mr. Potato Head. Faces: The Ultimate Composite Picture. The New York Times 6 (2000)"},{"key":"2_CR21","unstructured":"Huang, J., Li, W.S., Gao, Y.J.: Research advance of facial expression recognition. Comput. Sci. (z2), 123\u2013126 (2016)"},{"key":"2_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joachims, T.: Optimizing search engines using clickthrough data. In: Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 133\u2013142. ACM (2002)","DOI":"10.1145\/775047.775067"},{"key":"2_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joo, J., Steen, F.F., Zhu, S.C.: Automated facial trait judgment and election out-come prediction: social dimensions of face. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3712\u20133720 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.423"},{"key":"2_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakadiaris, I.A., Abdelmunim, H., Yang, W., Theoharis, T.: Profile-based face recognition. In: 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, FG 2008, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2008.4813370"},{"key":"2_CR25","unstructured":"Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D.: myPersonality Research Wiki (2012)"},{"key":"2_CR26","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097\u20131105 (2012)"},{"key":"2_CR27","unstructured":"Liu, S.: Research on the prediction of facial beauty from 2D to 3D. Ph.D. thesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University (2017)"},{"issue":"23","key":"2_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16633","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3830-3","volume":"75","author":"S Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, S., Fan, Y.Y., Samal, A., Guo, Z.: Advances in computational facial attractiveness methods. Multimedia Tools Appl. 75(23), 16633\u201316663 (2016)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"2_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23989-7_57","volume-title":"Intelligence Science and Big Data Engineering. Image and Video Data Engineering","author":"Shu Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Shu, Fan, Yangyu, Guo, Zhe, Samal, Ashok: 2.5D facial attractiveness computation based on data-driven geometric ratios. In: He, Xiaofei, et al. (eds.) IScIDE 2015. LNCS, vol. 9242, pp. 564\u2013573. Springer, Cham (2015). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-23989-7_57"},{"key":"2_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A., Ohman, A.: Karolinska directed emotional faces (Department of Neurosciences, Karolinska hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces 2(4) (1998)","DOI":"10.1037\/t27732-000"},{"key":"2_CR31","volume-title":"Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship","author":"C Nass","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nass, C., Brave, S.: Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship. MIT Press, Cambridge (2005)"},{"issue":"32","key":"2_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805664105","volume":"105","author":"NN Oosterhof","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oosterhof, N.N., Todorov, A.: The functional basis of face evaluation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105(32), 11087\u201311092 (2008)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2_CR33","unstructured":"Pantic, M., Patras, I., Rothkruntz, L.: Facial action recognition in face profile image sequences. In: 2002 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2002. ICME 2002. Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 37\u201340. IEEE (2002)"},{"key":"2_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parikh, D., Grauman, K.: Relative attributes. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 503\u2013510. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126281"},{"issue":"3","key":"2_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177704472","volume":"33","author":"E Parzen","year":"1962","unstructured":"Parzen, E.: On estimation of a probability density function and mode. Ann. Math. Stat. 33(3), 1065\u20131076 (1962)","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"key":"2_CR36","unstructured":"Pei, W.W.: Gender studies based on the feature extraction of face images analysis. Masters thesis, Taiyuan University of Technology, February 2010"},{"key":"2_CR37","unstructured":"Qin, R.: Personality analysis based on face image. Master\u2019s thesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences University (2016)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"058105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-016-9174-0","volume":"61","author":"R Qin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qin, R., Gao, W., Xu, H., Hu, Z.: Modern physiognomy: an investigation on predicting personality traits and intelligence from the human face. Sci. China Ser. F Inf. Sci. 61(5), 058105 (2018)","journal-title":"Sci. China Ser. F Inf. Sci."},{"key":"2_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, S., Cao, X., Wei, Y., Sun, J.: Face alignment at 3000 fps via regressing local binary features. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1685\u20131692 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.218"},{"key":"2_CR40","unstructured":"Rish, I.: An empirical study of the naive Bayes classifier. In: IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Empirical Methods in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, pp. 41\u201346. IBM (2001)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23323","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023323","volume":"6","author":"M Rojas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rojas, M., Masip, D., Todorov, A., Vitria, J.: Automatic prediction of facial trait judgments: appearance vs. structural models. PLoS ONE 6(8), e23323 (2011)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"2_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22393","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022393","volume":"6","author":"C Saint-Georges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saint-Georges, C., et al.: Do parents recognize autistic deviant behavior long before diagnosis? Taking into account interaction using computational methods. PLoS ONE 6(7), e22393 (2011)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2_CR43","unstructured":"Saucier, G., Goldberg, L.R.: The language of personality: lexical perspectives. In: The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives, pp. 21\u201350 (1996)"},{"key":"2_CR44","unstructured":"Schwab, K., Marcus, A., Oyola, J., Hoffman, W., Luzi, M.: Personal data: the emergence of a new asset class. In: An Initiative of the World Economic Forum (2011)"},{"key":"2_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tariq, U., Hu, Y., Huang, T.S.: Gender and ethnicity identification from silhouetted face profiles. In: 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 2441\u20132444. IEEE (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414117"},{"key":"2_CR46","unstructured":"Tkalcic, M., Tasic, J., Ko\u0161ir, A.: Emotive and personality parameters in multimedia recommender systems. In: Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, ACII 2009, vol. 33 (2009)"},{"key":"2_CR47","unstructured":"Tkalcic, M., Tasic, J., Ko\u0161ir, A.: The LDOS-PerAff-1 corpus of face video clips with affective and personality metadata. In: Proceedings of the Multimodal Corpora: Advances in Capturing, Coding and Analyzing Multimodality (Malta 2010), LREC, p. 111 (2010)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","volume":"3","author":"M Turk","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. J. Cogn. Neuro- Sci. 3(1), 71\u201386 (1991)","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neuro- Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.11.007","volume":"27","author":"A Vinciarelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vinciarelli, A., Pantic, M., Bourlard, H.: Social signal processing: survey of an emerging domain. Image Vis. Comput. 27(12), 1743\u20131759 (2009)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"2_CR50","unstructured":"Wang, Z.L., Chen, F.J., Xue, W.M.: A survey of facial expression recognition. Comput. Appl. Softw. (12), 63\u201366 (2003)"},{"key":"2_CR51","unstructured":"White, R., Eden, A., Maire, M.: Automatic prediction of human attractiveness. UC Berkeley CS280A Project 1, 2 (2004)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107721","volume":"9","author":"K Wolffhechel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolffhechel, K., et al.: Interpretation of appearance: the effect of facial features on first impressions and personality. PLoS ONE 9(9), e107721 (2014)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2_CR53","unstructured":"Wu, X., Zhang, X.: Automated inference on criminality using face images. arXiv preprint \n                    arXiv:1611.04135\n                    \n                   (2016)"},{"key":"2_CR54","unstructured":"Zeng, Z.: An analysis of students\u2019 personality traits based on face features and deep learning. Masters thesis, Jiangxi Normal University, March 2017"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering","IoT as a Service"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-14657-3_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T01:28:26Z","timestamp":1558402106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-14657-3_2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030146566","9783030146573"],"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-14657-3_2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-8211","1867-822X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1867-8211"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1867-822X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"IoTaaS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Internet of Things as a Service","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Xi'an","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2018","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 November 2018","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 November 2018","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"iotaas2018","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"confy.eai.eu","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"83","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"50","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"60% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information"}}]}}