{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:46:04Z","timestamp":1769157964077,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030225063","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030225070","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22507-0_31","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T23:37:42Z","timestamp":1562715462000},"page":"396-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["How Fire Risk Perception Impacts Evacuation Behavior: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"31_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.D.: Modeling human behavior during building fires. NIST Technical Note 1619. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (2008)","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.TN.1619"},{"key":"31_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FIRE.0000016839.11376.b3","volume":"40","author":"JR Hall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hall, J.R.: How many people can be saved from home fires if given more Time to escape? Fire Technol. 40, 117\u2013126 (2004)","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"31_CR3","unstructured":"Kobes, M., Post, J., Helsloot, I., Vries, B.: Fire risk of high-rise buildings based on human behavior in fires. In: Conference Proceedings FSHB 2008. First International Conference on fire Safety of High-rise Buildings. Bucharest, Romania, pp. 07\u201309, May 2008"},{"key":"31_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2008.07.019","volume":"44","author":"RM Tavares","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tavares, R.M., Galea, E.R.: Evacuation modeling analysis within the operational research context: a combined approach for improving enclosure designs. Build. Environ. 44, 1005\u20131016 (2009)","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"31_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.12.010","volume":"43","author":"RM Tavares","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tavares, R.M., Tavares, J.M.L., Parry-Jones, S.L.: The use of a mathematical multi-criteria decision-making model for selecting the fire origin. Build. Environ. 43, 2090\u20132100 (2008)","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"31_CR6","unstructured":"Sime, J.D.: Design Against Fire: An Introduction to Fire Safety Engineering Design. Stollard, P., Johnston, L. (eds.), pp. 56\u201387. E and F. N. Spon, London (1994)"},{"issue":"4","key":"31_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/1042391506065951","volume":"16","author":"G Proulx","year":"2006","unstructured":"Proulx, G., Reid, I.: Occupant behavior and evacuation during the Chicago Cook County Administration Building fire. J. Fire. Prot. Eng. 16(4), 283\u2013309 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Fire. Prot. Eng."},{"key":"31_CR8","unstructured":"Averill, J.D., et al.: Federal building and fire safety investigation of the world trade center disaster: occupant behavior, egress, and emergency communications. NIST NCSTAR, pp. 1\u20137, NRCC-48362. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (2005). http:\/\/wtc.nist.gov\/oct05NCSTAR1-7index.htm"},{"key":"31_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahy, R.F., Proulx, G.: Human behavior in the world trade center evacuation. In: Proceeding of the Fifth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, pp. 713\u2013724 (1997)","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.5-713"},{"issue":"4","key":"31_CR10","first-page":"689","volume":"19","author":"P Slovic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Slovic, P.: Trust, emotion, sex, politics, and science: surveying the risk-assessment battlefield. Risk Anal. 19(4), 689\u2013701 (1999)","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"31_CR11","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Risk: Analysis, Assessment and Management","author":"GM Ballard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ballard, G.M.: Industrial risk: safety by design. In: Ansell, J., Wharton, F. (eds.) Risk: Analysis, Assessment and Management, pp. 95\u2013104. Wiley, Chichester (1992)"},{"key":"31_CR12","volume-title":"Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technical and Environmental Dangers","author":"M Douglas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Douglas, M., Wildavsky, A.: Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technical and Environmental Dangers. University of California Press, Berkley (1982)"},{"issue":"6","key":"31_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2307\/2095526","volume":"42","author":"JF Short","year":"1984","unstructured":"Short, J.F.: The social fabric of risk: towards the social transformation of risk analysis. Am. Soc. Rev. 42(6), 711\u2013725 (1984)","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"31_CR14","volume-title":"Explaining Risk Perception: An Evaluation of the Psychometric Paradigm","author":"L Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6berg, L., Moen, B.E., Rundmo, T.: Explaining Risk Perception: An Evaluation of the Psychometric Paradigm. Rotunde Publicationer, Trondheim (2004)"},{"key":"31_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosa, E.A.: The logical structure of the social amplification of risk framework (SARF): metatheoretical foundation and policy implications. In: Pidgeon, N., Kasperson, R.E., Slovic, P. (ed.) The Social Amplification of Risk, pp. 47\u201379. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511550461.003"},{"key":"31_CR16","unstructured":"Communities and Local Government. Understanding people\u2019s attitudes towards fire risk\u2013final report to communities and local government. Fire Research Series 13\/2008. Department of Communities and Local Government, London"},{"key":"31_CR17","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Uncertainty in Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and Decision Making","author":"MB Spangler","year":"1984","unstructured":"Spangler, M.B.: Policy issues related to worst case risk analyses and the establishment of acceptable standards of de minimis risk. In: Covello, V.T., Lave, L.B., Moghissi, A., Uppuluri, V.R.R. (eds.) Uncertainty in Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and Decision Making, pp. 1\u201326. Plenum Press, New York (1984)"},{"issue":"3","key":"31_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/0272-4332.213124","volume":"21","author":"T Garvin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garvin, T.: Analytical paradigms: the epistemological distances between scientists, policy makers, and the public. Risk Anal. 21(3), 443\u2013455 (2001)","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"31_CR19","unstructured":"Adams, J.: Risk. UCL Press, London (1995)"},{"key":"31_CR20","volume-title":"The Perception of Risk","author":"P Slovic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Slovic, P.: The Perception of Risk. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London (2000)"},{"key":"31_CR21","unstructured":"Tillander, K.: Utilization of statistics to assess fire risk in buildings. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology at Helsinki University. VTT Building and Transport, Espoo, Finland (2004)"},{"key":"31_CR22","unstructured":"Aguirre, B.E.: Emergency evacuations, panic, and social psychology: commentary on understanding mass panic and other collective responses to threat and disaster. Article #402. University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, Newark (2005)"},{"key":"31_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brennan, P.: Modeling cue recognition and pre-evacuation response. In: Proceedings \u2013 6th International Symposium of Fire Safety Science, pp. 1029\u20131040. International Association for Fire Safety Science, London (1999)","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.6-1029"},{"key":"31_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.D.: The process of human behavior in fires. NIST Technical Note 1632. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (2009)","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.TN.1632"},{"key":"31_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/028072709801600302","volume":"16","author":"RD Blanchard-Boehm","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blanchard-Boehm, R.D.: Understanding public response to increased risk from natural hazards: application of the hazards risk communication framework. Int. J. Mass Emerg. Disasters 16, 247\u2013278 (1998)","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Emerg. Disasters"},{"key":"31_CR26","volume-title":"Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions","author":"G Klein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klein, G.: Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)"},{"key":"31_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-7112(01)00025-X","volume":"36","author":"D Bruck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bruck, D.: The who, what, where and why of waking to fire alarms: a review. Fire Saf. J. 36, 623\u2013639 (2001)","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"31_CR28","unstructured":"Bruck, D., Thomas, I.: Waking Effectiveness of Alarms (Auditory, Visual and Tactile) for Adults Who are Hard of Hearing. The Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy (2007)"},{"key":"31_CR29","unstructured":"Proulx, G., Reid, I., Cavan, N.R.: \u201cHuman Behavior Study\u201d Cook County Administration Building Fire, Chicago, IL. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa (2003)"},{"key":"31_CR30","unstructured":"Ozel, F.: The role of time pressure and stress on the decision process during fire emergencies. In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Human Behavior in Fire, London, England, pp. 191\u2013200 (1998)"},{"key":"31_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, T.: Studies on human behavior and tenability in fire smoke. In: Hasemi, Y. (ed.) Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium, London, England, pp. 3\u201321 (1997)","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.5-3"},{"key":"31_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/028072709501300201","volume":"13","author":"DS Mileti","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mileti, D.S., Darlington, J.D.: Societal response to revised earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco bay area. Int. J. Mass Emerg. Disasters 13, 119\u2013145 (1995)","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Emerg. Disasters"},{"key":"31_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2009.08.005","volume":"45","author":"M Kobes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kobes, M., Helsloot, I., De Vries, B., Post, J.G.: Building safety and human behavior in fire: a literature review. Fire Saf. J. 45, 1\u201311 (2010)","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"31_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(00)00062-X","volume":"38","author":"JD Sime","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sime, J.D.: An occupant response shelter escape time (ORSET) model. Saf. Sci. 38, 109\u2013125 (2001)","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"31_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00691.x","volume":"12","author":"DS Mileti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mileti, D.S., Fitzpatrick, C.: Causal sequence of risk communication in the park field earthquake prediction experiment. Risk Anal. 12(3), 393\u2013400 (1992)","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"31_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindell, M.K., Perry, R.W.: Communicating Environmental Risk in Multiethnic Communities. Thousand Oaks (2004)","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452229188"},{"issue":"1","key":"31_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/3096875","volume":"44","author":"DS Mileti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mileti, D.S., Darlington, J.D.: The role of searching in shaping reactions to earthquake risk information. Soc. Prob. 44(1), 89\u2013103 (1997)","journal-title":"Soc. Prob."},{"key":"31_CR38","volume-title":"Sensemaking in Organizations","author":"KE Weick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weick, K.E.: Sensemaking in Organizations. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1995)"},{"key":"31_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2307\/2393339","volume":"38","author":"KE Weick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weick, K.E.: The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: the Mann Gulch disaster. Adm. Sci. Q. 38, 628\u2013652 (1993)","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"31_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudolph, J.W., Morrison, J.B.: Confidence, error, and ingenuity in diagnostic problem solving: clarifying the role of exploration and exploitation. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Management Annual Meeting (2007)","DOI":"10.5465\/ambpp.2007.26508215"},{"key":"31_CR41","first-page":"34","volume":"98","author":"JW Rudolph","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rudolph, J.W., Raemer, D.B.: Diagnostic problem solving during simulated crises in the OR. Anesth. Analg. 98, 34 (2004)","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"31_CR42","unstructured":"Deloitte. From risk perception to safe behavior. Article on the Safety Institute of Australia Ltd. (2006). http:\/\/www.sia.org.au\/downloads\/SIGs\/Resources\/From_Risk_Perception_to_Safe_Behaviour.pdf"},{"key":"31_CR43","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, D.J.: Integrating human behavior factors into design. In: Fire Protection Engineering, pp. 8\u201320 (2005)"},{"key":"31_CR44","unstructured":"Proulx, G.: Occupant behavior and evacuation. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Fire Protection Symposium, Munich, pp. 219\u2013232 (2001)"},{"issue":"3","key":"31_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-017-3111-0","volume":"90","author":"T Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, T., Jiao, H.: How does information affect fire risk reduction behaviors? Mediating effects of cognitive processes and subjective knowledge. Nat. Hazards 90(3), 1461\u20131483 (2018)","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"issue":"7","key":"31_CR46","first-page":"33","volume":"45","author":"G Proulx","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proulx, G.: Playing with fire: understanding human behavior in burning buildings. ASHRAE J. 45(7), 33\u201335 (2003)","journal-title":"ASHRAE J."},{"key":"31_CR47","unstructured":"Canter, D., Donald, I., Chalk, J.: Pedestrian behavior during emergencies underground: the psychology of crowd control under life threatening circumstances. In: Vardy, A. (ed.) Safety in Road and Rail Tunnels, Bedford, pp. 135\u2013150 (1992)"},{"issue":"3","key":"31_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2006.10.018","volume":"37","author":"J Phil-Sik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phil-Sik, J.: Designing acoustic and non-acoustic parameters of synthesized speech warnings to control perceived urgency. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 37(3), 213\u2013223 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"issue":"2","key":"31_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00433.x","volume":"24","author":"P Slovic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Slovic, P., Finucane, M.L., Peters, E., MacGregor, D.G.: \u201cRisk as analysis and risk as feelings: some thoughts about affect\u201d, reason, risk and rationality. Risk Anal. 24(2), 311\u2013322 (2004)","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"31_CR50","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.D.: Terror defeated: occupant sense-making, decision-making and protective action in the 2001 World Trade Center disaster. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder (2011)"},{"key":"31_CR51","unstructured":"Proulx, G.: Occupant responses to fire alarm signals. NFPA 72 Fire Alarm Code, Supplement 4. Quincy, MA (2000)"},{"key":"31_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-7112(85)90036-0","volume":"9","author":"D Tong","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tong, D., Canter, D.: The decision to evacuate: a study of the motivations which contribute to evacuation in the event of fire. Fire Saf. J. 9, 257\u2013265 (1985)","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"31_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mileti, D.S., O\u2019Brien, P.W.: Public response to aftershock warnings. Geological Survey. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C (1993)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1098-3_32"},{"key":"31_CR54","unstructured":"Proulx, G.: As of 2000, \u201cWhat do we know about occupant behavior in fire?\u201d In: Proceeding of the Technical Basis for Performance Based Fire Regulations, United Engineering Foundation Conference, pp. 127\u2013129 (2001)"},{"key":"31_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2307\/258285","volume":"9","author":"DA Gioia","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gioia, D.A., Poole, P.P.: Scripts in organizational behavior. Acad. Manag. Rev. 9, 449\u2013459 (1984)","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"31_CR56","first-page":"15","volume-title":"How Professionals Make Decisions","author":"K Burns","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burns, K.: Mental models and normal errors. In: Montgomery, H., Lipshitz, R., Brehmer, B. (eds.) How Professionals Make Decisions, pp. 15\u201328. Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (2005)"},{"key":"31_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mileti, D.S., Sorensen, J.H.: Communication of emergency public warnings: a social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge (1990)","DOI":"10.2172\/6137387"},{"key":"31_CR58","volume-title":"Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., Selten, R.: Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2001)"},{"key":"31_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-7112(00)00060-6","volume":"36","author":"S Gwynne","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R., Lawrence, P.J., Filippidis, L.: Modeling occupant interaction with fire conditions using the building EXODUS evacuation model. Fire Saf. J. 36, 327\u2013357 (2001)","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"31_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zakay, D.: The impact of time perception processes on decision making under time stress. In: Svenson, O., John Maule, A. (eds.) Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making, pp. 59\u201372. Plenum Press, New York (1993)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6846-6_4"},{"key":"31_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(92)90045-L","volume":"28","author":"SJ Karau","year":"1992","unstructured":"Karau, S.J., Kelly, J.R.: The effects of time scarcity and time abundance on group performance quality and interaction process. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 28, 542\u2013571 (1992)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"31_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.25.1.271","volume":"25","author":"D Vaughan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vaughan, D.: The dark side of organizations: mistake, misconduct, and disaster. Ann. Rev. Sociol. 25, 271\u2013305 (1999)","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"31_CR63","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Naturalistic Decision Making","author":"J Orasanu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Orasanu, J., Fischer, U.: Finding decisions in natural environments: the view from the cockpit. In: Zsambok, C., Klein, G. (eds.) Naturalistic Decision Making, pp. 343\u2013358. Erlbaum, Mahwah (1997)"},{"key":"31_CR64","volume-title":"Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment","author":"IL Janis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Janis, I.L., Mann, L.: Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment. Free Press, New York (1977)"},{"key":"31_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.D., Omori, H.: General Guidance on Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings - 2nd Edition NIST TN \u2013 1827. US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (2014)","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.TN.1827"},{"issue":"1","key":"31_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-011-0245-6","volume":"49","author":"E Kuligowski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.: Predicting human behavior during fires. Fire Technol. 49(1), 101\u2013120 (2013)","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"31_CR67","unstructured":"Reneke, P.A.: NIST IR 7914 Evacuation Decision Model. NIST Interagency\/Internal Report. US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MS, USA (2013)"},{"issue":"9","key":"31_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2011.01781.x","volume":"32","author":"LK Siebeneck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siebeneck, L.K., Cova, T.J.: Spatial and temporal variation in evacuee risk perception throughout the evacuation and return-entry process. Risk Anal.: Int. J. 32(9), 1468\u20131480 (2012)","journal-title":"Risk Anal.: Int. J."},{"key":"31_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00556","volume":"7","author":"EZ Woody","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woody, E.Z., Szechtman, H.: A biological security motivation system for potential threats: are there implications for policy-making? Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 1\u20135 (2013)","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"31_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.08.003","volume":"85","author":"AL Hinds","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hinds, A.L., et al.: The psychology of potential threat: properties of the security motivation system. Biol. Psychol. 85(2), 331\u2013337 (2010)","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"31_CR71","unstructured":"Arru, M., Mayag, B., Negre, E.: Early-warning system perception: a study on fire safety. In: Proceedings of the ISCRAM 2016 Conference Intelligent Decision Support in the Networked Society, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016)"},{"key":"31_CR72","unstructured":"Comes, T., Mayag, B., Negre, E.: Beyond early: decision support for improved typhoon warning systems. In: Proceedings of the ISCRAM 2015 Conference, Kristiansand, Norway, vol. 12 (2015)"},{"key":"31_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.D., Hoskins, B.L.: Occupant behavior in a high-rise office building fire. NIST Technical Note 1664. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9725-8_61"},{"key":"31_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(00)00066-7","volume":"38","author":"DA Purser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Purser, D.A., Bensilum, M.: Quantification of behavior for engineering design standards and escape time calculations. Saf. Sci. 38, 157\u2013182 (2001)","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"31_CR75","unstructured":"Bryan, J.L.: Behavioral response to fire and smoke. In: DiNenno, P.J. (ed.) The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd edn, vol. 3, pp. 320\u2013354. National Fire Protection Association (2008)"},{"key":"31_CR76","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Fires and Human Behaviour","author":"D Canter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Canter, D., Breaux, J., Sime, J.: Domestic, multiple occupancy and hospital fires. In: Canter, D. (ed.) Fires and Human Behaviour, pp. 117\u2013136. Wiley, New York (1980)"},{"key":"31_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-7112(95)00023-M","volume":"24","author":"G Proulx","year":"1995","unstructured":"Proulx, G.: Evacuation time and movement in apartment buildings. Fire Saf. J. 24, 229\u2013246 (1995)","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"31_CR78","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien, P.W., Atchison, P.: Gender differentiation and after shock warning response. In: Enarson, E., Morrow, B.H. (eds.) The Gendered Terrain of Disaster: Through Women\u2019s Eyes, Westport, CT, pp. 173\u2013180 (1998)"},{"issue":"2","key":"31_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1068-8595(00)80013-6","volume":"7","author":"E Enarson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Enarson, E., Scanlon, J.: Gender patterns in flood evacuation: a case study of couples in Canada\u2019s Red River Valley. Appl. Behav. Sci. Rev. 7(2), 103\u2013124 (1999)","journal-title":"Appl. Behav. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"31_CR80","unstructured":"Bryan, J.L.: Behavioral response to fire and smoke. In: DiNenno, P.J. (ed.) The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Quincy, MA, 3rd edn, vol. 3, pp. 315\u2013341 (2002)"},{"key":"31_CR81","unstructured":"Purser, D.A., Gwynne, S.M.V.: Identifying critical evacuation factors and the application of egress models. In: Franks, C.A., Grayson, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Inter-flam Conference, pp. 203\u2013214. Inter-science Communications Ltd., London (2007)"},{"issue":"4","key":"31_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1527-6988(2005)6:4(171)","volume":"6","author":"MK Lindell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindell, M.K., Lu, J.C., Prater, C.S.: Household decision making and evacuation in response to Hurricane Lili. Nat. Hazards Rev. 6(4), 171\u2013179 (2005)","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"31_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/3096912","volume":"39","author":"DS Mileti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mileti, D.S., O\u2019Brien, P.W.: Warnings during disasters: normalizing communicated risk. Soc. Prob. 39(1), 40\u201357 (1992)","journal-title":"Soc. Prob."},{"key":"31_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isobe, M., Helbing, D., Nagatani, T.: Many-particle simulation of the evacuation process from a room without visibility. Phys. Rev. 69 (2004)","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.066132"},{"key":"31_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2004.06.061","volume":"343","author":"R Nagai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagai, R., Nagatani, T., Isobe, M., Adachi, T.: Effect of exit configuration on evacuation of a room without visibility. Physica 343, 712\u2013724 (2004)","journal-title":"Physica"},{"issue":"1","key":"31_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2008.03.008","volume":"44","author":"D Nilsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nilsson, D., Johnansson, A.: Social influence during the initial phase of a fire evacuation \u2013 analysis of evacuation experiments in a cinema theatre. Fire Saf. J. 44(1), 71\u201379 (2009)","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"31_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-005-0009-5","volume":"7","author":"CW Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson, C.W.: Lessons from the evacuation of the world trade center, 9\/11 2001 for the development of computer-based simulations. Cogn. Technol. Work 7, 214\u2013240 (2005)","journal-title":"Cogn. Technol. Work"},{"key":"31_CR88","series-title":"EUROGRAPH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6874-5_3","volume-title":"Computer Animation and Simulation","author":"SR Musse","year":"1997","unstructured":"Musse, S.R., Thalmann, D.: A model of human crowd behavior: group inter-relationship and collision detection analysis. In: Thalmann, D., van de Panne, M. (eds.) Computer Animation and Simulation. EUROGRAPH, pp. 39\u201351. Springer, Vienna (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-6874-5_3"},{"key":"31_CR89","volume-title":"Psychologies des Foules","author":"G Le Bon","year":"1971","unstructured":"Le Bon, G.: Psychologies des Foules. PUF, Paris (1971)"},{"key":"31_CR90","unstructured":"Zarboutis, N., Marmaras, N.: Investigating crowd behavior during emergency evacuations using agent-based modeling. In: Proceedings of the 24th European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual Control, Athens, pp. 1345\u20131357 (2005)"},{"key":"31_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-005-4627-5","volume":"41","author":"CH Chang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chang, C.H., Huang, H.C.: A water requirements estimation model for fire suppression: a study based on integrated uncertainty analysis. Fire Technol. 41, 5\u201324 (2005)","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"31_CR92","first-page":"4","volume":"16","author":"JL Bryan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bryan, J.L.: A selected historical review of human behavior in fire. J. Fire. Prot. Eng. 16, 4\u201310 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Fire. Prot. Eng."},{"key":"31_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-7535(96)81011-3","volume":"21","author":"JD Sime","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sime, J.D.: Crowd psychology and engineering. Saf. Sci. 21, 1\u201314 (1995)","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"31_CR94","first-page":"39","volume":"74","author":"MJ Ouellette","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ouellette, M.J.: Visibility of exit signs. Prog. Archit. 74(7), 39\u201342 (1993)","journal-title":"Prog. Archit."},{"key":"31_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-4319(99)00049-3","volume":"19","author":"TL Graham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graham, T.L., Roberts, D.J.: Qualitative overview of some important factors affecting the egress of people in hotel fires. Hosp. Manag. 19, 79\u201387 (2000)","journal-title":"Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"31_CR96","unstructured":"Benthorn, L., Frantzich, H.: Fire alarm in a public building: how do people evaluate information and choose evacuation exit? Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden (1996)"},{"key":"31_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan-Wiley, K.A., Short Gianotti, A.G.: Risk perception in a multi-hazard environment. World Dev. (2017). https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0305750X17301195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.04.002"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22507-0_31","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:51:01Z","timestamp":1689727861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22507-0_31"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030225063","9783030225070"],"references-count":97,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22507-0_31","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"HCII","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Orlando, FL","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"USA","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 July 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"31 July 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"hcii2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/2019.hci.international\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}