{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T23:56:18Z","timestamp":1772063778481,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030232030","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030232047","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23204-7_25","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T21:05:01Z","timestamp":1561064701000},"page":"296-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reducing Mind-Wandering During Vicarious Learning from an Intelligent Tutoring System"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Krasich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sidney K.","family":"D\u2019Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"25_CR1","first-page":"163","volume":"13","author":"SD Craig","year":"2004","unstructured":"Craig, S.D., Driscoll, D.M., Gholson, B.: Constructing knowledge from dialog in an intelligent tutoring system: Interactive learning, vicarious learning, and pedagogical agents. J. Educ. Multimedia Hypermedia 13, 163 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Multimedia Hypermedia"},{"key":"25_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-006-9006-3","volume":"18","author":"B Gholson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gholson, B., Craig, S.D.: Promoting constructive activities that support vicarious learning during computer-based instruction. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 18, 119\u2013139 (2006)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"25_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2190\/Q8CM-FH7L-6HJU-DT9W","volume":"29","author":"DM Driscoll","year":"2003","unstructured":"Driscoll, D.M., Craig, S.D., Gholson, B., et al.: Vicarious learning: effects of overhearing dialog and monologue-like discourse in a virtual tutoring session. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 29, 431\u2013450 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"key":"25_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2016.1204546","volume":"26","author":"MTH Chi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chi, M.T.H., Kang, S., Yaghmourian, D.L.: Why students learn more from dialogue- than monologue-videos: analyses of peer interactions. J. Learn. Sci. 26, 10\u201350 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Sci."},{"key":"25_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/03640210701863396","volume":"32","author":"MTH Chi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chi, M.T.H., Roy, M., Hausmann, R.G.M.: Observing tutorial dialogues collaboratively: insights about human tutoring effectiveness from vicarious learning. Cogn. Sci. 32, 301\u2013341 (2008)","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"25_CR6","first-page":"431","volume":"27","author":"R Cox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cox, R., McKendree, J., Tobin, R., et al.: Vicarious learning from dialogue and discourse. Instr. Sci. 27, 431\u2013458 (1999)","journal-title":"Instr. Sci."},{"key":"25_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci2404_4","volume":"24","author":"SD Craig","year":"2006","unstructured":"Craig, S.D., Sullins, J., Witherspoon, A., Gholson, B.: The deep-level-reasoning-question effect: the role of dialogue and deep-level-reasoning questions during vicarious learning. Cogn. Instr. 24, 565\u2013591 (2006)","journal-title":"Cogn. Instr."},{"key":"25_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539909545049","volume":"27","author":"JEF Tree","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tree, J.E.F.: Listening in on monologues and dialogues. Discourse Processes 27, 35\u201353 (1999)","journal-title":"Discourse Processes"},{"key":"25_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633116667371","volume":"55","author":"J Twyford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Twyford, J., Craig, S.D.: Modeling goal setting within a multimedia environment on complex physics content. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 55, 374\u2013394 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"key":"25_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1080\/01638530701792867","volume":"45","author":"JEF Tree","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tree, J.E.F., Mayer, S.A.: Overhearing single and multiple perspectives. Discourse Processes 45, 160\u2013179 (2008)","journal-title":"Discourse Processes"},{"key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2014.965823","volume":"49","author":"M Chi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chi, M., Wylie, R.: The ICAP framework: linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes. Educ. Psychol. 49, 219\u2013243 (2014)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"25_CR12","first-page":"623","volume-title":"The Handbook of Attention","author":"AM Olney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olney, A.M., Risko, E.F., D\u2019Mello, S.K., Graesser, A.C.: Attention in educational contexts: the role of the learning task in guiding attention. In: Fawcett, J.M., Risko, E.F., Kingstone, A., et al. (eds.) The Handbook of Attention, pp. 623\u2013641. MIT Press, Cambridge (2015)"},{"key":"25_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1814","volume":"26","author":"EF Risko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Risko, E.F., Anderson, N., Sarwal, A., et al.: Everyday attention: variation in mind wandering and memory in a lecture. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 26, 234\u2013242 (2012)","journal-title":"Appl. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"25_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutt, S., Mills, C., Bosch, N., et al.: \u201cOut of the fr-eye-ing pan\u201d: towards gaze-based models of attention during learning with technology in the classroom. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 94\u2013103. ACM, New York (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3079628.3079669"},{"key":"25_CR15","unstructured":"Hutt, S., Mills, C., White, S., et al.: The eyes have it: Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during learning with an intelligent tutoring system. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, International Educational Data Mining Society, EDM, pp. 86\u201393 (2016)"},{"key":"25_CR16","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19773-9_27","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","author":"C Mills","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mills, C., D\u2019Mello, S., Bosch, N., Olney, Andrew M.: Mind wandering during learning with an intelligent tutoring system. In: Conati, C., Heffernan, N., Mitrovic, A., Verdejo, M.F. (eds.) AIED 2015. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9112, pp. 267\u2013276. Springer, Cham (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19773-9_27"},{"key":"25_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.03.053","volume":"36","author":"DM Adams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adams, D.M., McLaren, B.M., Durkin, K., et al.: Using erroneous examples to improve mathematics learning with a web-based tutoring system. Comput. Hum. Behav. 36, 401\u2013411 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"25_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16020-2_24","volume-title":"Sustaining TEL: From Innovation to Learning and Practice","author":"D Tsovaltzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsovaltzi, D., Melis, E., McLaren, B.M., Meyer, A.-K., Dietrich, M., Goguadze, G.: Learning from erroneous examples: when and how do students benefit from them? In: Wolpers, M., Kirschner, Paul A., Scheffel, M., Lindstaedt, S., Dimitrova, V. (eds.) EC-TEL 2010. LNCS, vol. 6383, pp. 357\u2013373. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-16020-2_24"},{"key":"25_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Mello, S.K.: What do we think about when we learn? In: Millis, K., Magliano, J., Long, D.L., Weimer, K. (eds.) Understanding Deep Learning, Educational Technologies and Deep Learning, and Assessing Deep Learning, pp. 52\u201367. Routledge\/Taylor and Francis (2018)","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315109503-6"},{"key":"25_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61350-447-5.ch011","volume-title":"Cross-Disciplinary Advances in Applied Natural Language Processing: Issues and Approaches","author":"A Olney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olney, A., Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C.: Guru: designing a conversational expert intelligent tutoring system. In: Boonthum-Denecke, C., McCarthy, P., Lamkin, T. (eds.) Cross-Disciplinary Advances in Applied Natural Language Processing: Issues and Approaches, pp. 156\u2013171. IGI Global, Hershey (2012)"},{"key":"25_CR21","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30950-2_32","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"Andrew M Olney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olney, Andrew M., et al.: Guru: a computer tutor that models expert human tutors. In: Cerri, Stefano A., Clancey, William J., Papadourakis, G., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7315, pp. 256\u2013261. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-30950-2_32"},{"key":"25_CR22","unstructured":"Person, N.K., Olney, A., D\u2019Mello, S.K., Lehman, B.: Interactive concept maps and learning outcomes in guru. In: Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society (FLAIRS) Conference, pp. 456-461. AAAI Press (2012)"},{"key":"25_CR23","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13437-1_18","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"S D\u2019Mello","year":"2010","unstructured":"D\u2019Mello, S., Hays, P., Williams, C., Cade, W., Brown, J., Olney, A.: Collaborative lecturing by human and computer tutors. In: Aleven, V., Kay, J., Mostow, J. (eds.) ITS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6095, pp. 178\u2013187. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-13437-1_18"},{"key":"25_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0124-6","volume":"44","author":"W Mason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mason, W., Suri, S.: Conducting behavioral research on Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk. Behav. Res. Methods 44, 1\u201323 (2012)","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"25_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.03.004","volume":"299","author":"DG Rand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rand, D.G.: The promise of Mechanical Turk: how online labor markets can help theorists run behavioral experiments. J. Theor. Biol. 299, 172\u2013179 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"25_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-010-0039-7","volume":"43","author":"J Sprouse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sprouse, J.: A validation of Amazon Mechanical Turk for the collection of acceptability judgments in linguistic theory. Behav. Res. Methods 43, 155\u2013167 (2011)","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"25_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills, C., Fridman, I., Soussou, W., et al.: Put your thinking cap on: detecting cognitive load using EEG during learning. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference, pp. 80\u201389. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3027385.3027431"},{"key":"25_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000309","volume":"146","author":"C Mills","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mills, C., Graesser, A., Risko, E.F., D\u2019Mello, S.K.: Cognitive coupling during reading. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 146, 872\u2013883 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"25_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/651257","volume":"37","author":"X Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Lynch Jr., J.G., Chen, Q.: Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. J. Consum. Res. 37, 197\u2013206 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"25_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tingley, D., Yamamoto, T., Hirose, K., et al.: Mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis UCLA Statistics\/American Statistical Association, pp. 1\u201340 (2014)","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05"},{"key":"25_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.05.001","volume":"68","author":"EF Risko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Risko, E.F., Buchanan, D., Medimorec, S., Kingstone, A.: Everyday attention: mind wandering and computer use during lectures. Comput. Educ. 68, 275\u2013283 (2013)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"25_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618761039","volume":"29","author":"P Seli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seli, P., Carriere, J.S., Wammes, J.D., et al.: On the clock: evidence for the rapid and strategic modulation of mind wandering. Psychol. Sci. 29, 1247\u20131256 (2018)","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"25_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2007.00248.x","volume":"24","author":"DA Muller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muller, D.A., Bewes, J., Sharma, M.D.: Reimann P Saying the wrong thing: improving learning with multimedia by including misconceptions. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 24, 144\u2013155 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"key":"25_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-015-9167-1","volume":"26","author":"R Bixler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bixler, R., D\u2019Mello, S.: Automatic gaze-based user-independent detection of mind wandering during computerized reading. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 26, 33\u201368 (2016)","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"key":"25_CR35","unstructured":"Mills, C., Bixler, R., Wang, X., D\u2019Mello, S.K. Automatic gaze-based detection of mind wandering during film viewing. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining. International Educational Data Mining Society, pp. 30\u201337 (2016)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-23204-7_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T13:59:27Z","timestamp":1709819967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-23204-7_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030232030","9783030232047"],"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-23204-7_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Chicago, IL","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"USA","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25 June 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 June 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/caed-lab.com\/aied2019\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}