{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1785249787007,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030295622","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030295639","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29563-9_17","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T15:03:53Z","timestamp":1566399833000},"page":"172-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A Two-Stage Model Based on BERT for Short Fake News Detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4371-7864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1583-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"17_CR1","unstructured":"Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014)"},{"key":"17_CR2","unstructured":"Conroy, N.J., Rubin, V.L., Chen, Y.: Automatic deception detection: methods for finding fake news. In: Proceedings of the 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Information Science with Impact: Research in and for the Community, p. 82. American Society for Information Science (2015)"},{"key":"17_CR3","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) (2019)"},{"key":"17_CR4","unstructured":"Hendrycks, D., Gimpel, K.: Bridging nonlinearities and stochastic regularizers with Gaussian error linear units. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.08415 (2016)"},{"key":"17_CR5","unstructured":"Karimi, H., Roy, P., Saba-Sadiya, S., Tang, J.: Multi-source multi-class fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1546\u20131557 (2018)"},{"key":"17_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., He, P., Chen, W., Gao, J.: Multi-task deep neural networks for natural language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.11504 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1441"},{"key":"17_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Wu, Y.F.B.: Early detection of fake news on social media through propagation path classification with recurrent and convolutional networks. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11268"},{"key":"17_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luong, T., Pham, H., Manning, C.D.: Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1412\u20131421, September 2015","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1166"},{"key":"17_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, M., et al.: Deep contextualized word representations. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 2227\u20132237, June 2018","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1202"},{"key":"17_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, F., Gong, C., Sharma, K., Liu, Y.: Neural user response generator: fake news detection with collective user intelligence. In: IJCAI, vol. 3834, p. 3840 (2018)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/533"},{"key":"17_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473983847.n21","volume-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods","author":"Victoria L. Rubin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rubin, V.L.: Deception detection and rumor debunking for social media. In: The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods, p. 342. SAGE (2017)"},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1145\/3137597.3137600","volume":"19","author":"K Shu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., Liu, H.: Fake news detection on social media: a data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD Explor. Newslett. 19(1), 22\u201336 (2017)","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explor. Newslett."},{"key":"17_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shu, K., Wang, S., Liu, H.: Beyond news contents: the role of social context for fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM), pp. 312\u2013320. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3289600.3290994"},{"key":"17_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thorne, J., Vlachos, A., Christodoulopoulos, C., Mittal, A.: FEVER: a large-scale dataset for fact extraction and verification. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 809\u2013819, June 2018","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1074"},{"key":"17_CR15","unstructured":"Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 5998\u20136008 (2017)"},{"key":"17_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlachos, A., Riedel, S.: Fact checking: task definition and dataset construction. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2014 Workshop on Language Technologies and Computational Social Science, pp. 18\u201322 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-2508"},{"key":"17_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Liu, K., Zhao, J.: Inner attention based recurrent neural networks for answer selection. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), vol. 1, pp. 1288\u20131297 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1122"},{"key":"17_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W.Y.: \u201cLiar, liar pants on fire\u201d: a new benchmark dataset for fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 422\u2013426 (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-2067"},{"key":"17_CR19","unstructured":"Xu, K., et al.: Show, attend and tell: neural image caption generation with visual attention. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 2048\u20132057 (2015)"},{"key":"17_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., et al.: Pretraining-based natural language generation for text summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.09243 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/K19-1074"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29563-9_17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T01:55:51Z","timestamp":1664157351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29563-9_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030295622","9783030295639"],"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29563-9_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"KSEM","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Athens","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Greece","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28 August 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"30 August 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ksem2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.ksem.conferences.academy\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"easychair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"240","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"77","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"26","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"32% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}