{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T04:31:26Z","timestamp":1769315486533,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030332228","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030332235","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33223-5_27","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T20:02:24Z","timestamp":1572206544000},"page":"323-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Unifying Model of Legal Smart Contracts"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Ladleif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Weske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"27_CR1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10512-3_2","volume-title":"Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems","author":"M Andrychowicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrychowicz, M., Dziembowski, S., Malinowski, D., Mazurek, \u0141.: Modeling bitcoin contracts by timed automata. In: Legay, A., Bozga, M. (eds.) FORMATS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8711, pp. 7\u201322. Springer, Cham (2014). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10512-3_2"},{"key":"27_CR2","unstructured":"Clack, C.D., Bakshi, V.A., Braine, L.: Smart contract templates: foundations, design landscape and research directions. CoRR abs\/1608.00771 (2016). \n                      http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1608.00771"},{"issue":"3","key":"27_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2307\/2082975","volume":"89","author":"SES Crawford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crawford, S.E.S., Ostrom, E.: A grammar of institutions. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 89(3), 582\u2013600 (1995)","journal-title":"Am. Polit. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"27_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flood, M., Goodenough, O.: Contract as automaton: The computational representation of financial agreements. OFR Working Paper 15\u201304 (2015). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2538224","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2538224"},{"key":"27_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Governatori, G., Idelberger, F., Milosevic, Z., Riveret, R., Sartor, G., Xu, X.: On legal contracts, imperative and declarative smart contracts, and blockchain systems. Artif. Intell. Law 26(4), 377\u2013409 (2018). ISSN 1572\u20138382, \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-018-9223-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-018-9223-3"},{"key":"27_CR6","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00847-5_14","volume-title":"Conceptual Modeling","author":"C Griffo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griffo, C., Almeida, J.P.A., Guizzardi, G.: Conceptual modeling of legal relations. In: Trujillo, J., et al. (eds.) ER 2018. LNCS, vol. 11157, pp. 169\u2013183. Springer, Cham (2018). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-00847-5_14"},{"key":"27_CR7","unstructured":"Grigg, I.: The Ricardian contract. In: First IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Contracting, pp. 25\u201331. IEEE (2004)"},{"key":"27_CR8","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91563-0_20","volume-title":"Advanced Information Systems Engineering","author":"S Haarmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haarmann, S., Batoulis, K., Nikaj, A., Weske, M.: DMN decision execution on the ethereum blockchain. In: Krogstie, J., Reijers, H.A. (eds.) CAiSE 2018. LNCS, vol. 10816, pp. 327\u2013341. Springer, Cham (2018). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91563-0_20"},{"key":"27_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hazard, J., Haapio, H.: Wise contracts: smart contracts that work for people and machines. In: Trends and Communities of Legal Informatics, 20th International Legal Informatics Symposium IRIS 2017, pp. 425\u2013432 (2017)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2925871"},{"key":"27_CR10","unstructured":"Hearn, M.: Corda: a distributed ledger. Technical White Paper (2016). \n                      https:\/\/docs.corda.net\/_static\/corda-technical-whitepaper.pdf"},{"key":"27_CR11","volume-title":"Options, Futures and Other Derivatives","author":"J Hull","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hull, J.: Options, Futures and Other Derivatives. Pearson\/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2009)"},{"key":"27_CR12","unstructured":"Hvitved, T.: Contract formalisation and modular implementation of domain-specific languages. Ph.D. thesis, University of Copenhagen (2012)"},{"key":"27_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H\u00e4rer, F., Fill, H.G.: A comparison of approaches for visualizing blockchains and smart contracts. Jusletter IT Weblaw, ISSN 1664\u2013848X, 21 February 2019 (2019). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.2585575","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.2585575"},{"key":"27_CR14","unstructured":"Kabilan, V.: Contract workflow model patterns using BPMN. In: 10th International Workshop on Exploring Modeling Methods in Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD 2005), CAiSE, vol. 363. CEUR-WS.org (2005)"},{"key":"27_CR15","unstructured":"Kabilan, V., Johannesson, P.: Semantic representation of contract knowledge using multi\/tier ontology. In: First International Conference on Semantic Web and Databases, pp. 378\u2013397. CEUR-WS.org (2003)"},{"key":"27_CR16","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70278-0_32","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"F Al Khalil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Khalil, F., Butler, T., O\u2019Brien, L., Ceci, M.: Trust in smart contracts is a process, as well. In: Brenner, M., et al. (eds.) FC 2017. LNCS, vol. 10323, pp. 510\u2013519. Springer, Cham (2017). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70278-0_32"},{"key":"27_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, R.M.: A logic model for electronic contracting. Decis. Support Syst. 4(1), 27\u201344 (1988). ISSN 0167\u20139236, \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-9236(88)90096-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(88)90096-6"},{"key":"27_CR18","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Pintado, O., Garc\u00eda-Ba\u00f1uelos, L., Dumas, M., Weber, I., Ponomarev, A.: Caterpillar: A business process execution engine on the Ethereum blockchain. CoRR abs\/1808.03517 (2018). \n                      http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/abs\/1808.03517"},{"key":"27_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luu, L., Chu, D.H., Olickel, H., Saxena, P., Hobor, A.: Making smart contracts smarter. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 254\u2013269. ACM (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978309"},{"key":"27_CR20","unstructured":"Mavridou, A., Laszka, A.: Designing secure Ethereum smart contracts: A finite state machine based approach. CoRR abs\/1711.09327 (2017). \n                      http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/abs\/1711.09327"},{"key":"27_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendling, J., Weber, I., Aalst, W.V.D., et al.: Blockchains for business process management - challenges and opportunities. ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst. (TMIS) 9(1), 4:1\u20134:16 (2018). ISSN 2158\u2013656X, \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3183367","DOI":"10.1145\/3183367"},{"key":"27_CR22","unstructured":"Meyer, A., et al.: Data perspective in process choreographies: modeling and execution. Technical report BPM-13-29, BPMcenter.org (2013)"},{"key":"27_CR23","unstructured":"OMG: Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version 2.0.2, December 2013. \n                      http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/BPMN\/2.0.2\/"},{"key":"27_CR24","unstructured":"OMG: Decision Model and Notation (DMN), Version 1.1, December 2016. \n                      https:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/DMN\/1.1\/"},{"key":"27_CR25","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00255-7_20","volume-title":"IFM 2009","author":"GJ Pace","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pace, G.J., Schneider, G.: Challenges in the specification of full contracts. In: Leuschel, M., Wehrheim, H. (eds.) IFM 2009. LNCS, vol. 5423, pp. 292\u2013306. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-00255-7_20"},{"key":"27_CR26","unstructured":"Reitwiessner, C.: Babbage \u2013 a mechanical smart contract language (2017). \n                      https:\/\/medium.com\/@chriseth\/babbage-5c8329ec5a0e"},{"key":"27_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szabo, N.: Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2(9) (1997). ISSN 13960466, \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5210\/fm.v2i9.548\n                      \n                    , \n                      https:\/\/ojphi.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/548","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v2i9.548"},{"key":"27_CR28","unstructured":"Szabo, N.: A formal language for analyzing contracts (2002). \n                      https:\/\/nakamotoinstitute.org\/contract-language\/"},{"key":"27_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45348-4_19","volume-title":"Business Process Management","author":"I Weber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weber, I., Xu, X., Riveret, R., Governatori, G., Ponomarev, A., Mendling, J.: Untrusted business process monitoring and execution using blockchain. In: La Rosa, M., Loos, P., Pastor, O. (eds.) BPM 2016. LNCS, vol. 9850, pp. 329\u2013347. Springer, Cham (2016). \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-45348-4_19"},{"key":"27_CR30","unstructured":"Wood, G.: Ethereum: a secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Technical report EIP-150 (2014)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Conceptual Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33223-5_27","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T20:03:40Z","timestamp":1572206620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33223-5_27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030332228","9783030332235"],"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33223-5_27","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ER","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Conceptual Modeling","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Salvador","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Brazil","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4 November 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7 November 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"38","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"er2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.inf.ufrgs.br\/er2019\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}