{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:06:21Z","timestamp":1777734381695,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030336165","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030336172","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33617-2_32","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:04:05Z","timestamp":1573085045000},"page":"313-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Multi-class Text Complexity Evaluation via Deep Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Cuzzocrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giosu\u00e9 Lo","family":"Bosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Schicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"32_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.11.108","volume":"145","author":"GL Bosco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bosco, G.L., Pilato, G., Schicchi, D.: A neural network model for the evaluation of text complexity in Italian language: a representation point of view. Procedia Comput. Sci. 145, 464\u2013470 (2018)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"32_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfano, M., Lenzitti, B., Lo Bosco, G., Perticone, V.: An automatic system for helping health consumers to understand medical texts, pp. 622\u2013627 (2015)","DOI":"10.5220\/0005283606220627"},{"key":"32_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.08.114","volume":"35","author":"Peter Braun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braun, P., Cameron, J.J., Cuzzocrea, A., Jiang, F., Leung, C.K.: Effectively and efficiently mining frequent patterns from dense graph streams on disk. In: 18th International Conference in Knowledge Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES 2014, Gdynia, Poland, 15\u201317 September 2014, pp. 338\u2013347 (2014)","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"32_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiavetta, F., Lo Bosco, G., Pilato, G.: A lexicon-based approach for sentiment classification of Amazon books reviews in Italian language, vol. 2, pp. 159\u2013170 (2016)","DOI":"10.5220\/0005915301590170"},{"key":"32_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66468-2_7","volume":"292","author":"F Chiavetta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiavetta, F., Lo Bosco, G., Pilato, G.: A layered architecture for sentiment classification of products reviews in Italian language. Lect. Notes Bus. Inf. Process. 292, 120\u2013141 (2017)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Bus. Inf. Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"32_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2011.02.004","volume":"77","author":"A Cuzzocrea","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cuzzocrea, A., Bertino, E.: Privacy preserving OLAP over distributed XML data: a theoretically-sound secure-multiparty-computation approach. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 77(6), 965\u2013987 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"32_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324919000019","volume":"25","author":"M Di Gangi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Gangi, M., Lo Bosco, G., Pilato, G.: Effectiveness of data-driven induction of semantic spaces and traditional classifiers for sarcasm detection. Nat. Lang. Eng. 25(2), 257\u2013285 (2019)","journal-title":"Nat. Lang. Eng."},{"key":"32_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flesch, R.: Marks of Readable Style; A Study in Adult Education. Teachers College Contributions to Education (1943)","DOI":"10.1177\/016146814404500606"},{"key":"32_CR9","first-page":"47","volume":"3","author":"V Franchina","year":"1986","unstructured":"Franchina, V., Vacca, R.: Adaptation of flesh readability index on a bilingual text written by the same author both in Italian and English languages. Linguaggi 3, 47\u201349 (1986)","journal-title":"Linguaggi"},{"key":"32_CR10","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"I Goodfellow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A.: Deep Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (2016)"},{"key":"32_CR11","unstructured":"Grave, E., Bojanowski, P., Gupta, P., Joulin, A., Mikolov, T.: Learning word vectors for 157 languages. CoRR abs\/1802.06893 (2018). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1802.06893"},{"key":"32_CR12","unstructured":"Hinton, G., Srivastava, N., Swersky, K.: Neural networks for machine learning lecture 6a overview of mini-batch gradient descent (2012)"},{"key":"32_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kauchak, D., Mouradi, O., Pentoney, C., Leroy, G.: Text simplification tools: using machine learning to discover features that identify difficult text. In: 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2616\u20132625, January 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HICSS.2014.330","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.330"},{"key":"32_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kincaid, J.: Derivation of New Readability Formulas: (automated Readability Index, Fog Count and Flesch Reading Ease Formula) for Navy Enlisted Personnel. Research Branch report, Chief of Naval Technical Training, Naval Air Station Memphis (1975). https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=4tjroQEACAAJ","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA006655"},{"key":"32_CR15","unstructured":"Lo Bosco, G., Pilato, G., Schicchi, D.: A sentence based system for measuring syntax complexity using a recurrent deep neural network. In: 2nd Workshop on Natural Language for Artificial Intelligence, NL4AI 2018, vol. 2244, pp. 95\u2013101. CEUR-WS (2018)"},{"key":"32_CR16","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25719-4_59","volume-title":"Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2019","author":"D Schicchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schicchi, D., Lo Bosco, G., Pilato, G.: Machine learning models for measuring syntax complexity of English text. In: Samsonovich, A.V. (ed.) BICA 2019. AISC, vol. 948, pp. 449\u2013454. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-25719-4_59"},{"key":"32_CR17","unstructured":"Lo Bosco, G., Pilato, G., Schicchi, D.: A recurrent deep neural network model to measure sentence complexity for the Italian language. In: International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition, 6th Edition, Palermo, Italy (2018, in press)"},{"key":"32_CR18","unstructured":"Paetzold, G., Alva-Manchego, F., Specia, L.: Massalign: alignment and annotation of comparable documents. In: Proceedings of the IJCNLP 2017, System Demonstrations, pp. 1\u20134 (2017)"},{"key":"32_CR19","unstructured":"Scarton, C., Paetzold, G., Specia, L.: Text simplification from professionally produced corpora. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2018). European Languages Resources Association (ELRA), Miyazaki, Japan, May 2018. https:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/L18-1553"},{"key":"32_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schicchi, D., Pilato, G.: A social humanoid robot as a playfellow for vocabulary enhancement. In: 2018 Second IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC), pp. 205\u2013208. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, February 2018","DOI":"10.1109\/IRC.2018.00044"},{"key":"32_CR21","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61566-0_23","volume-title":"Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems","author":"D Schicchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schicchi, D., Pilato, G.: WORDY: a semi-automatic methodology aimed at the creation of neologisms based on a semantic network and blending devices. In: Barolli, L., Terzo, O. (eds.) Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems. AISC, vol. 611, pp. 236\u2013248. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-61566-0_23"},{"issue":"2","key":"32_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1075\/itl.165.2.06sid","volume":"165","author":"A Siddharthan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siddharthan, A.: A survey of research on text simplification. ITL Int. J. Appl. Linguist. 165(2), 259\u2013298 (2014)","journal-title":"ITL Int. J. Appl. Linguist."},{"key":"32_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46210","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2908827","volume":"7","author":"S Subramani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Subramani, S., Michalska, S., Wang, H., Du, J., Zhang, Y., Shakeel, H.: Deep learning for multi-class identification from domestic violence online posts. IEEE Access 7, 46210\u201346224 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"32_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vajjala, S., Meurers, D.: Assessing the relative reading level of sentence pairs for text simplification. In: Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 288\u2013297 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/E14-1031"},{"key":"32_CR25","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Zhiang Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Yin, W., Cao, J., Xu, G., Cuzzocrea, A.: Community detection in multi-relational social networks. In: Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2013\u201314th International Conference, Nanjing, China, October 13\u201315, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 43\u201356 (2013)"},{"key":"32_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00139","volume":"3","author":"W Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, W., Callison-Burch, C., Napoles, C.: Problems in current text simplification research: new data can help. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 3, 283\u2013297 (2015)","journal-title":"Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning \u2013 IDEAL 2019"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33617-2_32","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T15:30:59Z","timestamp":1709825459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33617-2_32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"ISBN":["9783030336165","9783030336172"],"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33617-2_32","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"IDEAL","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Manchester","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 November 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16 November 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ideal2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.confercare.manchester.ac.uk\/events\/ideal2019\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Open","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"149","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"94","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"63% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2.5","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}