{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T01:51:50Z","timestamp":1773193910743,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030359829","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030359836","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-35983-6_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T07:03:47Z","timestamp":1582873427000},"page":"111-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Startup Metrics That Tech Entrepreneurs Need to Know"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0225-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Kristian","family":"Kemell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7063-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh","family":"Nguyen-Duc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Grendus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuure","family":"Tuunanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Abrahamsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR1","first-page":"60","volume":"90","author":"A McAfee","year":"2012","unstructured":"McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T.H., Patil, D.J., Barton, D.: Big data: the management revolution. Harv. Bus. Rev. 90(10), 60\u201368 (2012)","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2501\/IJA-33-1-181-183","volume":"33","author":"JS Walker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker, J.S.: Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. Int. J. Advert. 33(1), 181\u2013183 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Advert."},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3923\/jse.2016.89.98","volume":"10","author":"M Unterkalmsteiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unterkalmsteiner, M., Abrahamsson, P., Wang, X.F., Nguyen-Duc, A., Shah, S., Bajwa, S.S., Baltes, G.H., Conboy, K., Cullina, E., Dennehy, D., Edison, H., Fernandez-Sanchez, C., Garbajosa, J., Gorschek, T., Klotins, E., Hokkanen, L., Kon, F., Lunesu, I., Marchesi, M., Morgan, L., Oivo, M., Selig, C., Sepp\u00e4nen, P., Sweetman, R., Tyrv\u00e4inen, P., Ungerer, C., Yag\u00fce, A.: Software startups\u2014a research agenda. e-Inform. Softw. Eng. J. 10(1), 89\u2013123 (2016)","journal-title":"e-Inform. Softw. Eng. J."},{"key":"7_CR4","volume-title":"Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming. XP 2016. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, X., Edison, H., Bajwa, S.S., Giardino, C., Abrahamsson, P.: Key challenges in software startups across life cycle stages. In: Sharp, H., Hall, T. (eds.) Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming. XP 2016. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 251. Springer, Cham (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR5","volume-title":"Lean Analytics: Use Data to Build a Better Startup Faster","author":"A Croll","year":"2013","unstructured":"Croll, A., Yoskovitz, B.: Lean Analytics: Use Data to Build a Better Startup Faster. O\u2019Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA (2013)"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"Desjardins, J.: 34 Startup metrics for tech entrepreneurs. \nhttp:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/34-startup-metrics-founder-know\/\n\n (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR7","unstructured":"Gorski, T.: 21 Most important SaaS startup metrics. \nhttp:\/\/www.saasgenius.com\/blog\/21-most-important-saas-startup-metrics\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR8","unstructured":"Jordan, J., Hariharan, A., Chen F., Kasireddy, P. 16 Startup metrics. \nhttps:\/\/a16z.com\/2015\/08\/21\/16-metrics\/"},{"key":"7_CR9","unstructured":"Straubel, E.: Getting funded: Part 5 (The metrics). Retrieved 07 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/www.bigroomstudios.com\/startups\/startup-metrics\/"},{"key":"7_CR10","unstructured":"Ehrenberg, D. The seven startup metrics you must track. \nhttps:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/theyec\/2014\/06\/20\/the-seven-startup-metrics-you-must-track\/#2760f134725e\n\n (2014)"},{"key":"7_CR11","unstructured":"Lovelace, N.: How to measure your startup\u2019s success. \nhttps:\/\/medium.com\/kandu\/how-to-measure-your-startups-success-34b8aad7516b\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR12","unstructured":"AppsterHQ. 4 Financial metrics that all startups should measure. Retrieved 07 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/www.appsterhq.com\/blog\/4-financial-metrics-startups-measure\/"},{"key":"7_CR13","unstructured":"Brookes, I.: Startup metrics for customer traction. \nhttps:\/\/www.cakesolutions.net\/companyblogs\/startup-metrics-for-customer-traction\n\n (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR14","unstructured":"Greenberg, O.: What are the best metrics to measure funded startup growth? \nhttps:\/\/kurve.co.uk\/what-are-the-best-metrics-to-measure-funded-startup-growth\/\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR15","unstructured":"Kraus, E. The startup metrics cheat sheet: how to calculate what you are expected to know. \nhttps:\/\/www.mergelane.com\/post\/the-startup-metrics-cheat-sheet-how-to-calculate-what-you-are-expected-to-know\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR16","unstructured":"GrowthWright. Financial metrics every startup should measure. \nhttps:\/\/growthwright.com\/blog\/financial-metrics-every-startup-should-measure\/\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR17","unstructured":"Young Entrepreneur Council. 12 Success metrics your startup should be tracking. \nhttps:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/young-entrepreneur-council\/12-success-metrics-your-s_b_3728052.html\n\n (2013)"},{"key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloem, C.: 5 Performance metrics your small business should track. Retrieved 7 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/www.inc.com\/craig-bloem\/5-key-metrics-every-early-stage-business-must-track.html","DOI":"10.1002\/nba.30436"},{"key":"7_CR19","unstructured":"Corporate Finance Institute. Startup valuation metrics (for internet companies). Retrieved 07 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/corporatefinanceinstitute.com\/resources\/knowledge\/valuation\/startup-valuation-metrics-internet\/"},{"key":"7_CR20","unstructured":"Nadel, P. 12 KPIs you must know before pitching your startup. \nhttps:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/02\/04\/12-kpis-you-must-know-before-pitching-your-startup\/\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR21","unstructured":"Parsons, N. What metrics to track (and what not to track). \nhttps:\/\/www.liveplan.com\/blog\/what-startup-metrics-should-i-track\/\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR22","unstructured":"Weiss, M.: Top startup traction metrics considered by seed round investors. \nhttps:\/\/www.rocketspace.com\/tech-startups\/top-startup-traction-metrics-considered-by-seed-round-investors\n\n (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR23","unstructured":"Cook, A.: Top 5 startup metrics to show traction. \nhttps:\/\/five23.io\/blog\/top-5-startup-metrics-to-show-traction\/\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR24","unstructured":"Singer, S.: How to measure your startup\u2019s performance (Pt. 2). \nhttps:\/\/magazine.startus.cc\/measure-performance-startup-pt-2\/\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR25","unstructured":"Belosic, J.: All in the numbers: how to measure your start-up\u2019s success. \nhttps:\/\/www.themuse.com\/advice\/all-in-the-numbers-how-to-measure-your-startups-success\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR26","unstructured":"Tyson, L.: The ultimate startup metrics guide: 5 KPIs that VCs recommend. \nhttps:\/\/www.geckoboard.com\/blog\/ultimate-startup-metrics-guide-5-kpis-vcs-recommend\/\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR27","unstructured":"StartupBahrain. 7 Startup metrics you need to measure the growth of your startup in Bahrain. \nhttp:\/\/startupbahrain.com\/newsfeatures\/7-startup-metrics-need-measure-growth-startup-bahrain\/\n\n (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR28","unstructured":"Alexeeva, D.: 8 Startup metrics you should care about first. \nhttps:\/\/eze.tech\/blog\/8-startup-metrics-you-should-care-about-first\/\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR29","unstructured":"Causey, A.: How to measure your mobile app startup\u2019s performance. \nhttps:\/\/dzone.com\/articles\/how-to-measure-your-mobile-app-startups-performanc\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR30","unstructured":"Patel, N.: 9 Marketing metrics and KPIs every startup should be paying attention to. \nhttps:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/neil-patel\/9-marketing-metrics-and-k_b_10769222.html\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR31","volume-title":"The Lean Startup: How Today\u2019s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses","author":"E Ries","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ries, E.: The Lean Startup: How Today\u2019s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. Random House, New York (2011)"},{"key":"7_CR32","unstructured":"McNally, K., Odlum, N.: Finding the metrics that matter for your product. Retrieved 07 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/finding-the-metrics-that-matter-for-your-product\/"},{"key":"7_CR33","unstructured":"Middleton, M. 5 Key SaaS metrics every software startup should track. Retrieved 07 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/labs.openviewpartners.com\/key-saas-metrics-to-track\/"},{"key":"7_CR34","unstructured":"Harley, A.: Frequency & recency of site visits: 2 metrics for user engagement. \nhttps:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/frequency-recency\/\n\n (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR35","unstructured":"McClure, D.: Product marketing for pirates: AARRR! (aka Startup Metrics for Internet Marketing & Product Management). \nhttp:\/\/500hats.typepad.com\/500blogs\/2007\/06\/internet-market.html\n\n (2007)"},{"key":"7_CR36","unstructured":"Patel, N.: 9 Metrics to help you make wise decisions about your start-up. Retrieved 07 Oct 2018 from \nhttps:\/\/neilpatel.com\/blog\/9-metrics\/"},{"key":"7_CR37","unstructured":"Dolginow, D.: Why product metabolism is every startup\u2019s first KPI. \nhttps:\/\/venturefizz.com\/stories\/boston\/why-product-metabolism-every-startup-s-first-kpi\n\n (2011)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008138709724","volume":"13","author":"M Almus","year":"1999","unstructured":"Almus, M., Nerlinger, E.A.: Growth of new technology-based firms: which factors matter? Small Bus. Econ. 13(2), 141\u2013154 (1999)","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.02.005","volume":"62","author":"E Kupiainen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kupiainen, E., M\u00e4ntyl\u00e4, M.V., Itkonen, J.: Using metrics in agile and lean software development\u2014a systematic literature review of industrial studies. Information and Software Technology. 62, 143\u2013163 (2015)","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren, P., Gaskell, C., Boldyreff, C.: Preparing the ground for Website metrics research. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Web Site Evolution. WSE 2001 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/WSE.2001.988789"},{"key":"7_CR41","unstructured":"van Moorsel, A.: Metrics for the internet age: quality of experience and quality of business. In: Proceedings of Fifth Performability Workshop, September 16, 2001, Erlangen, Germany. Hewlett Packard (2001)"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atterer, R., Wnuk, M., Schmidt, A.: Knowing the user\u2019s every move: user activity tracking for website usability evaluation and implicit interaction. In: WWW \u201806 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 203\u2013212 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1135777.1135811"},{"key":"7_CR43","unstructured":"Ghanbari, H.: Investigating the causal mechanisms underlying the customization of software development methods. In: University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4: Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Studies in Computing, vol. 258 (2017)"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.04.014","volume":"56","author":"N Paternoster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paternoster, N., Giardino, C., Unterkalmsteiner, M., Gorschek, T., Abrahamsson, P.: Software development in startup companies: A systematic mapping study. Inform. Softw. Technol. 56(10), 1200\u20131218 (2014)","journal-title":"Inform. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2307\/3665561","volume":"24","author":"SA Ross","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ross, S.A.: Uses, abuses, and alternatives to the net-present-value rule. Financial Management. 24(3), 96\u2013102 (1995)","journal-title":"Financial Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR46","first-page":"63","volume":"91","author":"S Blank","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blank, S.: Why the lean start-up changes everything. Harv. Bus. Rev. 91(5), 63\u201372 (2013)","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"7_CR47","unstructured":"Haden, J.: Best way to track customer retention. \nhttps:\/\/www.inc.com\/jeff-haden\/best-way-to-calculate-customer-retention-rate.html\n\n (2013)"},{"key":"7_CR48","unstructured":"Patel, N.: Measuring retention for startups. \nhttp:\/\/www.neilpatel.co\/measuring-retention-for-startups\/\n\n (2015)"},{"key":"7_CR49","unstructured":"Pinero, B.: Data points: what should your startup measure? \nhttps:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/data-points-what-should-your-startup-measure\/\n\n (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR50","unstructured":"Suster, M.: How startups can use metrics to drive success. \nhttps:\/\/bothsidesofthetable.com\/how-startups-can-use-metrics-to-drive-success-d361b8989f5d\n\n (2011)"}],"container-title":["Fundamentals of Software Startups"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-35983-6_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T14:07:28Z","timestamp":1583762848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-35983-6_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030359829","9783030359836"],"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-35983-6_7","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 February 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}