{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T05:53:46Z","timestamp":1743054826232,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030366827"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030366834"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36683-4_37","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T22:08:15Z","timestamp":1574806095000},"page":"451-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Who Ties the World Together? Evidence from a Large Online Social Network"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"State","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua E.","family":"Blumenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lada","family":"Adamic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"37_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2011.10.007","volume":"34","author":"J Adams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adams, J., Faust, K., Lovasi, G.S.: Capturing context: integrating spatial and social network analyses. Soc. Netw. 34(1), 1\u20135 (2012)","journal-title":"Soc. Netw."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backstrom, L., Boldi, P., Rosa, M., Ugander, J., Vigna, S.: Four degrees of separation. In: Proceedings of WebSci 2012, pp. 33\u201342 (2012)","key":"37_CR2","DOI":"10.1145\/2380718.2380723"},{"issue":"3","key":"37_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.32.3.259","volume":"32","author":"M Bailey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bailey, M., Cao, R., Kuchler, T., Stroebel, J., Wong, A.: Social connectedness: measurement, determinants, and effects. J. Econ. Perspect. 32(3), 259\u2013280 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"issue":"10","key":"37_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764201044010007","volume":"44","author":"GA Barnett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnett, G.A.: A longitudinal analysis of the international telecommunication network, 1978\u20131996. Am. Behav. Sci. 44(10), 1638\u20131655 (2016)","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"37_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/13216597.1996.9751833","volume":"3","author":"GA Barnett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barnett, G.A., Jacobson, T., Choi, Y., Sun-Miller, S.: An examination of the international telecommunication network. J. Int. Commun. 3(2), 19\u201343 (1996)","journal-title":"J. Int. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"37_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/0004-5608.00188","volume":"90","author":"JV Beaverstock","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaverstock, J.V., Smith, R.G., Taylor, P.J.: World-city network: a new metageography? Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 90(1), 123\u2013134 (2000)","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"unstructured":"Bhagat, S., Burke, M., Diuk, C., Filiz, I.O., Edunov, S.: Three and a half degrees of separation. Facebook Research (2016)","key":"37_CR7"},{"unstructured":"Blumenstock, J.E., Chi, G., Tan, X.: Migration and the value of social networks. CEPR Discussion Papers, No. 13611 (2019)","key":"37_CR8"},{"issue":"5","key":"37_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2012.678878","volume":"15","author":"D Boyd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boyd, D., Crawford, K.: Critical questions for big data. Inf. Commun. Soc. 15(5), 662\u2013679 (2012)","journal-title":"Inf. Commun. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"37_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1086\/421787","volume":"110","author":"R Burt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burt, R.: Structural holes and good ideas. Am. J. Sociol. 110(2), 349\u2013399 (2004)","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cha, M., Mislove, A., Gummadi, K.P.: A measurement-driven analysis of information propagation in the flickr social network. In: Proceedings WWW 2009, p. 721 (2009)","key":"37_CR11","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526806"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, E., Myers, S.A., Leskovec, J.: Friendship and mobility: user movement in location-based social networks. In: Proceedings of KDD 2011, pp. 1082\u20131090 (2011)","key":"37_CR12","DOI":"10.1145\/2020408.2020579"},{"key":"37_CR13","volume-title":"Foundations of Social Theory","author":"JS Coleman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Coleman, J.S.: Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1994)"},{"issue":"13","key":"37_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980500379503","volume":"42","author":"B Derudder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Derudder, B., Witlox, F.: An appraisal of the use of airline data in assessing the world city network: a research note on data. Urban Stud. 42(13), 2371\u20132388 (2005)","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"issue":"11","key":"37_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980600897842","volume":"43","author":"B Derudder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Derudder, B.: On conceptual confusion in empirical analyses of a transnational urban network. Urban Stud. 43(11), 2027\u20132046 (2006)","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"issue":"5","key":"37_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2007.12.005","volume":"16","author":"B Derudder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Derudder, B., Witlox, F.: Mapping world city networks through airline flows: context, relevance, and problems. J. Transp. Geogr. 16(5), 305\u2013312 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"37_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2747\/0272-3638.28.1.74","volume":"28","author":"B Derudder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Derudder, B., Witlox, F., Taylor, P.J.: U.S. cities in the world city network. Urban Geogr. 28(1), 74\u201391 (2007)","journal-title":"Urban Geogr."},{"key":"37_CR18","volume-title":"Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence","author":"RC Feenstra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feenstra, R.C.: Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2015)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Gavilanes, R., Mejova, Y., Quercia, D.: Twitter ain\u2019t without Frontiers: economic, social, and cultural boundaries in international communication. In: Proceedings of ICWSM 2014, pp. 1511\u20131522 (2014)","key":"37_CR19","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531725"},{"issue":"3","key":"37_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818309090195","volume":"63","author":"EM Hafner-Burton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hafner-Burton, E.M., Kahler, M., Montgomery, A.H.: Network analysis for international relations. Int. Organ. 63(3), 559\u2013592 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. Organ."},{"issue":"3","key":"37_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2014.890072","volume":"41","author":"B Hawelka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawelka, B., Sitko, I., Beinat, E., Sobolevsky, S., Kazakopoulos, P., Ratti, C.: Geo-located Twitter as proxy for global mobility patterns. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 41(3), 260\u2013271 (2014)","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herda\u011fdelen, A., State, B., Adamic, L., Mason, W.: The social ties of immigrant communities in the United States. In: Proceedings of WebSci 2016, pp. 78\u201384 (2016)","key":"37_CR22","DOI":"10.1145\/2908131.2908163"},{"key":"37_CR23","volume-title":"Explaining and Understanding International Relations","author":"M Hollis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hollis, M., Smith, S.: Explaining and Understanding International Relations. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1990)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs, A.Z., Way, S.F., Ugander, J., Clauset, A.: Assembling the facebook: using heterogeneity to understand online social network assembly. In: Proceedings of WebSci 2015 (2015). Article 18","key":"37_CR24","DOI":"10.1145\/2786451.2786477"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keeling, D.J.: Transport and the world city paradigm. In: World Cities in a World-System, pp. 115\u2013131 (1995)","key":"37_CR25","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511522192.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kikas, R., Dumas, M., Saabas, A.: Explaining international migration in the skype network: the role of social network features. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Social Media World Sensors, pp. 17\u201322 (2015)","key":"37_CR26","DOI":"10.1145\/2806655.2806658"},{"issue":"12","key":"37_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980020002805","volume":"37","author":"S Kyoung-Ho","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kyoung-Ho, S., Timberlake, M.: World cities in Asia: cliques, centrality and connectedness. Urban Stud. 37(12), 2257\u20132285 (2000)","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leetaru, K., Wang, S., Cao, G., Padmanabhan, A., Shook, E.: Mapping the global Twitter heartbeat: the geography of Twitter. First Monday 18(5) (2013)","key":"37_CR28","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v18i5.4366"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leskovec, J., Backstrom, L., Kumar, R., Tomkins, A.: Microscopic evolution of social networks. In: KDD, pp. 462\u2013470. ACM (2008)","key":"37_CR29","DOI":"10.1145\/1401890.1401948"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leskovec, J., Horvitz, E.: Planetary-scale views on a large instant-messaging network. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web - WWW 2008, pp. 915\u2013924 (2008)","key":"37_CR30","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367620"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leskovec, J., Horvitz, E.: Planetary-scale views on a large instant-messaging network. In: WWW, pp. 915\u2013924 (2008)","key":"37_CR31","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367620"},{"issue":"3","key":"37_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2015.1018773","volume":"105","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Liu, X., Gao, S., Gong, L., Kang, C., Zhi, Y., Chi, G., Shi, L.: Social sensing: a new approach to understanding our socioeconomic environments. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 105(3), 512\u2013530 (2015)","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucas, R.E.B.: African migration. In: Chiswick, B.R., Miller, P.W. (eds.) Handbook of the Economics of International Migration, chap. 26, vol. 1, pp. 1445\u20131596 (2015)","key":"37_CR33","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53768-3.00026-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"37_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2307\/4140796","volume":"78","author":"EJ Malecki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malecki, E.J.: The economic geography of the internet\u2019s infrastructure. Econ. Geogr. 78(4), 399\u2013424 (2002)","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"issue":"4","key":"37_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2004.02.003","volume":"10","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matsumoto, H.: International urban systems and air passenger and cargo flows: some calculations. J. Air Transp. Manag. 10(4), 239\u2013247 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Air Transp. Manag."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mellon, J., Prosser, C.: Twitter and Facebook are not representative of the general population: political attitudes and demographics of British social media users. Res. Polit. 4(3) (2017)","key":"37_CR36","DOI":"10.1177\/2053168017720008"},{"issue":"18","key":"37_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7332","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610245104","volume":"104","author":"JP Onnela","year":"2007","unstructured":"Onnela, J.P., et al.: Structure and tie strengths in mobile communication networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(18), 7332\u20137336 (2007)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"37_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0374.2012.00366.x","volume":"13","author":"R Perkins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perkins, R., Neumayer, E.: The ties that bind: the role of migrants in the uneven geography of international telephone traffic. Global Netw. 13(1), 79\u2013100 (2013)","journal-title":"Global Netw."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratha, D.: Migration and remittances Factbook 2016. The World Bank (2016)","key":"37_CR39","DOI":"10.1596\/978-1-4648-0319-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"37_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.39.4.1177","volume":"39","author":"JE Rauch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rauch, J.E.: Business and social networks in international trade. J. Econ. Lit. 39(4), 1177\u20131203 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Econ. Lit."},{"issue":"3","key":"37_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10630730500064166","volume":"11","author":"J Rutherford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rutherford, J., Gillespie, A., Richardson, R.: The territoriality of Pan-European telecommunications backbone networks. J. Urban Technol. 11(3), 1\u201334 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Urban Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"37_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2427.1996.tb00343.x","volume":"20","author":"JR Short","year":"1996","unstructured":"Short, J.R., Kim, Y., Kuus, M., Wells, H.: The dirty little secret of world cities research: data problems in comparative analysis. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. 20(4), 697\u2013717 (1996)","journal-title":"Int. J. Urban Reg. Res."},{"key":"37_CR43","volume-title":"The Sociology of Georg Aimmel","author":"G Simmel","year":"1950","unstructured":"Simmel, G.: The Sociology of Georg Aimmel. The Free Press, Glencoe (1950). Trans. by K.H. Wolff. (Original work published 1908)"},{"issue":"10","key":"37_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1177\/00027640121958104","volume":"44","author":"DA Smith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smith, D.A., Timberlake, M.F.: World city networks and hierarchies, 1977\u20131997: an empirical analysis of global air travel links. Am. Behav. Sci. 44(10), 1656\u20131678 (2001)","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"37_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122543","volume":"10","author":"B State","year":"2015","unstructured":"State, B., Park, P., Weber, I., Macy, M.: The mesh of civilizations in the global network of digital communication. PLoS ONE 10(5), e0122543 (2015)","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"State, B., Weber, I., Zagheni, E.: Studying international mobility through IP geolocation. In: Proceedings of WSDM 2014, pp. 265\u2013274 (2014)","key":"37_CR46","DOI":"10.1145\/2433396.2433432"},{"issue":"1","key":"37_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2011.05.006","volume":"34","author":"Y Takhteyev","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takhteyev, Y., Gruzd, A., Wellman, B.: Geography of Twitter networks. Soc. Netw. 34(1), 73\u201381 (2012)","journal-title":"Soc. Netw."},{"unstructured":"Todaro, M.: Internal migration in developing countries: a survey. In: Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries, pp. 361\u2013402. University of Chicago Press (1980)","key":"37_CR48"},{"issue":"10","key":"37_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1177\/00027640121957998","volume":"44","author":"AM Townsend","year":"2001","unstructured":"Townsend, A.M.: Network cities and the global structure of the internet. Am. Behav. Sci. 44(10), 1697\u20131716 (2001)","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"37_CR50","first-page":"61","volume":"1","author":"J Travers","year":"1967","unstructured":"Travers, J., Milgram, S.: The small world problem. PSY Today 1(1), 61\u201367 (1967)","journal-title":"PSY Today"},{"key":"37_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/2786545","volume":"32","author":"J Travers","year":"1969","unstructured":"Travers, J., Milgram, S.: An experimental study of the small world problem. Sociometry 32, 425\u2013443 (1969)","journal-title":"Sociometry"},{"unstructured":"Ugander, J., Karrer, B., Backstrom, L., Marlow, C.: The anatomy of the Facebook social graph. arXiv:1111.4503 (2011)","key":"37_CR52"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zagheni, E., Weber, I.: You are where you e-mail: using e-mail data to estimate international migration rates. In: Proceedings of WebSci 2012, pp. 348\u2013351 (2012)","key":"37_CR53","DOI":"10.1145\/2380718.2380764"},{"issue":"4","key":"37_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12102","volume":"43","author":"E Zagheni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zagheni, E., Weber, I., Gummadi, K.: Leveraging Facebook\u2019s advertising platform to monitor stocks of migrants. Popul. Dev. Rev. 43(4), 721\u2013734 (2017)","journal-title":"Popul. Dev. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"37_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/14782800500212459","volume":"13","author":"MA Zook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zook, M.A., Brunn, S.D.: Hierarchies, regions and legacies: European cities and global commercial passenger air travel. J. Contemp. Eur. Stud. 13(2), 203\u2013220 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Eur. Stud."}],"container-title":["Studies in Computational Intelligence","Complex Networks and Their Applications VIII"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36683-4_37","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T23:57:11Z","timestamp":1665100631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36683-4_37"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"ISBN":["9783030366827","9783030366834"],"references-count":55,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36683-4_37","relation":{},"ISSN":["1860-949X","1860-9503"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1860-949X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1860-9503"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"COMPLEX NETWORKS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Complex Networks and Their Applications","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Lisbon","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Portugal","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 December 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 December 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"iwcna2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.complexnetworks.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}