{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:00:51Z","timestamp":1786978851067,"version":"build-2736575974"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":127,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030453275","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030453282","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45328-2_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T09:15:56Z","timestamp":1596705356000},"page":"39-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Amino Acids in Circulatory Function and Health"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Durante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065458","volume":"8","author":"F Addabbo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Addabbo F, Chen Q, Patel DP, Rabadi M, Ratliff B, Zhang F et al (2013) Glutamine supplementation alleviates vasculopathy and corrects metabolic profile in an in vivo model of endothelial cell dysfunction. PLoS One 8:e65458","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070921","volume":"10","author":"TD Allerton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allerton TD, Proctor DN, Stephens JM, Dugas TR, Spielman G, Irving BA (2018) L-Citrulline supplementation: impact on cardiometabolic health. Nutrients 10:921","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.103907","volume":"22","author":"SK Annavarajula","year":"2012","unstructured":"Annavarajula SK, Dakshinamurty KV, Naidu MUR, Reddy CP (2012) The effect of L-arginine on arterial stiffness and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Indian J Nephrol 22:340\u2013346","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13068","volume":"82","author":"D Atzler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atzler D, Sch\u00f6nhoff M, Cordts K, Ortland I, Hoppe J, Hummel FC et al (2016) Oral supplementation with L-homoarginine in young volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 82:1477\u20131485","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.07.021","volume":"182","author":"SL Au Yeung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Au Yeung SL, Lin SL, Lam HS, Schooling CM (2016) Effect of L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine on ischemic heart disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Am Heart J 182:54\u201361","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19189","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.024042","volume":"284","author":"MC Barth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barth MC, Ahluwalia N, Anderson TJ, Hardy GJ, Sinha S, Alvarez-Cordona JA et al (2009) Kynurenic acid triggers firm arrest of leukocytes to vascular endothelium under flow conditions. J Biol Chem 284:19189\u201319195","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","volume":"135","author":"EJ Benjamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R et al (2017) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update. Circulation 135:e146\u2013e603","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86387","volume":"126","author":"T Bertero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertero T, Oldham WM, Cottrill KA, Pisano S, Vanderpool RR, Yu Q et al (2016) Vascular stiffness mechanoactivates YAP\/TAZ-dependent glutaminolysis to drive pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 126:3313\u20133335","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.18.2160","volume":"101","author":"A Blum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Blum A, Hathaway L, Mincemoyer R, Schenke WH, Kirby M, Csako G et al (2000) Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management. Circulation 101:2160\u20132164","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1282","volume":"96","author":"RH Boger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Brandes RP, Phivthong-ngam L, Bohme M, Nafe R et al (2007) Dietary L-arginine reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits: comparison with lovastatin. Circulation 96:1282\u20131290","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2016","volume":"98","author":"WR Caldwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caldwell WR, Rodriguez PC, Toque HA, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RB (2018) Arginase: a multifaceted enzyme important in health and disease. Physiol Rev 98:641\u2013665","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000121357.76910.A3","volume":"109","author":"JP Casas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casas JP, Buatista LE, Humphries SE, Hingorani AD (2004) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotype and ischemic heart disease: meta-analysis of 26 studies involving 23028 subjects. Circulation 109:1359\u20131364","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castejon AM, Hoffmann IS, Jimenez E, Cubeddu RJ, Baldonedo RM, Cubeddu LX (2002) Differential blood pressure effects of oral glucose and intravenous L-arginine in healthy lean normotensive and obese hypertensive subjects. J Hum Hypert 16 (S1):S133-S136","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001359"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.519","volume":"34","author":"M Chavez-Tostado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chavez-Tostado M, Carrill-Llamas F, Martinez-Gutierrez PE, Alvarado-Ramirez A, Lopez-Taylor JG, Vasquez-Jiminez JC et al (2017) Oral glutamine reduces myocardial damage after coronary revascularization under cardiopulmonary bypass. A random clinical trial. Nutr Hosp 34:277\u2013283","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4501.099729","volume":"104","author":"J Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen J, Kuhlencordt PJ, Astern J, Gyurko R, Huang PL (2001) Hypertension does not account for the accelerated atherosclerosis and development of aneurysms in male apolipoprotein e\/endothelial nitric oxide synthase double knockout mice. Circulation 104:2391\u20132394","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067827","volume":"125","author":"S Cheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheng S, Rhee EP, Larson MG, Lewis GD, McCabe EL, Shen D et al (2012) Metabolite profiling identifies pathways associated with metabolic risk in humans. Circulation 125:2222\u20132231","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000580","volume":"128","author":"CU Choe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choe CU, Atzler D, Wild PS, Carter AM, Boger RH, Ojeda F et al (2013) Homoarginine levels are regulated by L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and affect stroke outcome: results from human and murine studies. Circulation 128:1451\u20131461","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole JE, Astola N, Cribbs AP, Goddard ME, Park I, Green P et al (2015) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 is protective in atherosclerosis and its metabolites provide new opportunities for drug development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:13033\u201313038","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517820112"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115937","volume":"90","author":"JP Cooke","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cooke JP, Singer AH, Tsao P, Zera P, Rowan RA, Billingham ME (1992) Antiatherogenic effects of L-arginine in the hypercholestrolemic rabbit. J Clin Invest 90:1168\u20131172","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:35:1:19","volume":"35","author":"W Durante","year":"2001","unstructured":"Durante W (2001) Regulation of L-arginine transport and metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 35:19\u201334","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.2741\/3860","volume":"16","author":"W Durante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Durante W (2011) Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 against inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Biosci 16:2372\u20132388","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00111","volume":"4","author":"W Durante","year":"2013","unstructured":"Durante W (2013) Role of arginase in vessel wall remodeling. Front Immunol 4:111","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.2.217","volume":"83","author":"W Durante","year":"1998","unstructured":"Durante W, Liao L, Peyton KJ, Schafer AI (1998) Thrombin stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell polyamine synthesis by inducing cationic amino acid transporter and ornithine decarboxylase activity. Circ Res 83:217\u2013223","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.99-0960com","volume":"14","author":"W Durante","year":"2000","unstructured":"Durante W, Liao L, Reyna SV, Peyton KJ, Schafer AI (2000) Physiologic cyclic stretch directs L-arginine transport and metabolism to collagen synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 14:1775\u20131783","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.8.1121","volume":"103","author":"W Durante","year":"2001","unstructured":"Durante W, Liao L, Reyna SV, Peyton KJ, Schafer AI (2001) Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 stimulates L-arginine transport and metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells: role in polyamine and collagen synthesis. Circulation 103:1121\u20131127","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00427.x","volume":"10","author":"W Durante","year":"2006","unstructured":"Durante W, Johnson FK, Johnson RA (2006) Role of carbon monoxide in cardiovascular function. J Cell Mol Med 10:672\u2013686","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04638.x","volume":"34","author":"W Durante","year":"2007","unstructured":"Durante W, Johnson FK, Johnson RA (2007) Arginase: a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34:906\u2013911","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028021","volume":"137","author":"CA Emdin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emdin CA, Khera AV, Klarin D, Natarajan P, Zekavat SM, Nomura A et al (2018) Phenotypic consequences of a genetic predisposition to enhanced nitric oxide signaling. Circulation 137:222\u2013232","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2544","volume":"17","author":"A Erez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erez A, Nagamani SC, Shchelochkov OA, Premkumar MH, Campeau PM, Chen Y et al (2011) Requirement of arginosuccinate lyase for systemic nitric oxide production. Nat Med 17:1619\u20131626","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3_CR30","first-page":"915983","volume":"2013","author":"A Ford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ford A, Al-Magableh M, Gaspari TA, Hart JL (2013) Chronic NaHS treatment is vasoprotective in high fat-fed ApoE(\u2212\/\u2212) mice. Int J Vasc Med 2013:915983","journal-title":"Int J Vasc Med"},{"key":"3_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","volume":"33","author":"U Forstermann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Forstermann U, Sessa WC (2012) Nitric oxide synthase: regulation and function. Eur Heart J 33:72\u201380","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2836","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2836","volume":"33","author":"T Ganz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ganz T, Wainstein J, Gilad S, Limor R, Boaz M, Stern N (2017) Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and arginine levels predict microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 33:e2836","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"3_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0844-7","volume":"64","author":"L Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao L, Xu Z, Yin Z, Chen K, Wang C, Zhang H (2015) Association of hydrogen sulfide with alterations of monocyte chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CX3CR1 in patients with coronary artery disease. Inflamm Res 64:627\u2013635","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"3_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0238OC","volume":"58","author":"J Ge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ge J, Cui H, Xie N, Banerjee S, Guo S, Dubey S et al (2018) Glutaminolysis promotes collagen translation and stability via \u03b1-ketoglutarate-mediated mTOR activation and proline hydroxylation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 58:378\u2013390","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"3_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158421","volume":"11","author":"I Gomez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomez I, Ozen G, Deschildre C, Amgoud Y, Boubaya L, Gorenne I et al (2016) Reverse regulatory pathway (H2S\/PGE2\/MMP) in human aortic aneurysm and saphenous vein varicosity. PLoS One 11:e0158421","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.3.1357","volume":"90","author":"M Hamon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hamon M, Vallet B, Bauters C, Wernert N, McFadden EP, Lablanche JM et al (1994) Long-term oral administration of L-arginine reduces intimal thickening and enhances neoendothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation after arterial injury. Circulation 90:1357\u20131362","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(90)90123-J","volume":"49","author":"DB Hinshaw","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hinshaw DB, Burger JM (1990) Protective effect of glutamine on endothelial cell ATP in oxidant injury. J Surg Res 49:222\u2013227","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"3_CR38","first-page":"193","volume":"51","author":"CS Hsu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hsu CS, Chou SY, Liang SJ, Chang CY, Yeh SL (2006) Effect of physiological levels of glutamine on ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells activated by preeclamptic plasma. J Reprod Med 51:193\u2013198","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"3_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8961951","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8961951","volume":"2016","author":"Y Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang Y, Tang C, Du J, Jin H (2016) Endogenous sulfur dioxide: a new member of the gasotransmitter family in the cardiovascular system. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2016:8961951","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"3_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang H, Vandekeere S, Kalucka J, Bierhansl L, Zecchin A, Bruning U et al (2017) Role of glutamine and interlinked asparagine metabolism in vessel formation. EMBO J 36:2334\u20132352","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695518"},{"key":"3_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8547364","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8547364","volume":"2018","author":"A Ismailova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ismailova A, Kuter D, Bohle DS, Butler IS (2018) An overview of the potential therapeutic applications of CO-releasing molecules. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018:8547364","journal-title":"Bioinorg Chem Appl"},{"key":"3_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.1.413","volume":"35","author":"S Ito","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ito S, Komatsu K, Tsukamoto K, Sved AF (2000) Excitatory amino acids in the rostral ventrolateral medualla support blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 35:413\u2013417","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"3_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2956","volume":"12","author":"SK Jain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain SK, Bull R, Rains JL, Bass PF, Levine SN, Reddy S et al (2010) Low levels of hydrogen sulfide in the blood of diabetic patients and streptozotocin-treated rats causes vascular inflammation? Antioxid Redox Signal 12:1333\u20131337","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"3_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2008.00864.x","volume":"29","author":"HF Jin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jin HF, Du SX, Zhao X, Wei HL, Wang YF, Liang YF et al (2008) Effects of endogenous sulfur dioxide on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29:1157\u20131166","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"3_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20969","volume":"23","author":"FK Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson FK, Peyton KJ, Liu XM, Azam MA, Shebib AR, Johnson RA et al (2015) Arginase promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in obese rats. Obesity 23:445\u2013452","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"3_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00094-5","volume":"303","author":"K Kamata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kamata K, Suguira M, Kojima S, Kasuyu Y (1996) Restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation in both hypercholesterolemia and diabetes by chronic taurine. Eur J Pharmacol 303:47\u201353","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C537","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00329.2016","volume":"312","author":"NL Kanagy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanagy NL, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A (2017) Vascular biology of hydrogen sulfide. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 312:C537\u2013C549","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"3_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00768-7","volume":"18","author":"SE Khogali","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khogali SE, Pringle SD, Weryk BV, Rennie MJ (2002) Is glutamine beneficial in ischemic heart disease? Nutrition 18:123\u2013126","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"3_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201796436","volume":"36","author":"B Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim B, Li J, Jang C, Arany Z (2017) Glutamine fuels proliferation but not migration of endothelial cells. EMBO J 36:2321\u20132333","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"3_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000183000.72852.8B","volume":"33","author":"RJ Korthuis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Korthuis RJ, Durante W (2005) Heme oxygenase-1: a pluripotent sentinel limiting the systemic inflammatory response to extremity ischemia and reperfusion. Crit Care Med 33:2701\u20132703","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R64","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2002.282.1.R64","volume":"282","author":"H Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li H, Meininger CJ, Kelly JR Jr, Morris SM Jr, Wu G (2002) Activities of arginase I and II are limiting for endothelial cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282:R64\u2013R69","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"3_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li W, Tang C, Jin H, Du J (2011) Regulatory effects of sulfur dioxide on the development of atherosclerotic lesions and vascular hydrogen sulfide in atherosclerotic rats. Atherosclerosis 215:323\u2013330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.037"},{"key":"3_CR01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li H, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu\u00a0G (2016) Intracellular sources of ornithine for polyamine synthesis in endothelial cells. Amino Acids 48:2401\u20132410","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2256-6"},{"key":"3_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.311134","volume":"123","author":"Z Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Z, Polhemus DJ, Lefer DJ (2018) Evolution of hydrogen sulfide therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 123:590\u2013600","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01965.x","volume":"263","author":"P Libby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Libby P (2008) The molecular mechanisms of the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 263:517\u2013527","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"3_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.07.003","volume":"83","author":"Y Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin Y, Chen Y, Zhu N, Zhao S, Fan J, Liu E (2016) Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the development of atherosclerosis through up-regulating protein S-nitrosylation. Biomed Pharmacother 83:466\u2013476","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12246","volume":"169","author":"Z Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Z, Han Y, Li L, Lu H, Meng G, Li X et al (2013) The hydrogen sulfide donor, GYY4137, exhibits anti-atherosclerotic activity in high fat fed apolipoprotein E(\u2212\/\u2212) mice. Br J Pharmacol 169:1795\u20131809","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.029","volume":"102","author":"XM Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu XM, Peyton KJ, Durante W (2017) Ammonia promotes endothelial cell survival via the heme oxygenase-1-mediated release of carbon monoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 102:37\u201346","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"3_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2018.06.004","volume":"78","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Xu X, Shang R, Chen Y (2018) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as an important risk factor for the increased cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Nitric Oxide 78:113\u2013120","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"3_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E384","DOI":"10.1532\/HSF98.20111074","volume":"14","author":"VV Lomivorotov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lomivorotov VV, Efremov SM, Shmirev VA, Ponomarev DN, Lomivorotov VN, Karaskov AM (2011) Glutamine is cardioprotective in patients with ischemic heart disease following cardiopulmonary bypass. Heart Surg Forum 14:E384\u2013E388","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"3_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx234","volume":"47","author":"W Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma W, Heianza Y, Huang T, Wang T, Sun D, Zheng Y et al (2018) Dietary glutamine, glutamate, and mortality: two large prospective studies in US men and women. Int J Epidemiol 47:311\u2013320","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002208","volume":"127","author":"S Mani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mani S, Li H, Untereiner A, Wu L, Yang G, Austin RC, Dickhout JG et al (2013) Decreased endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide accelerates atherosclerosis. Circulation 127:2523\u20132534","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.908988","volume":"122","author":"W Marz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marz W, Meinitzer A, Drechsler C, Pilz S, Krane V, Kleber ME et al (2010) Homoarginine, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. Circulation 122:967\u2013975","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1622","volume":"193","author":"DB McNamara","year":"1993","unstructured":"McNamara DB, Bedi B, Aurora H, Tena L, Ignarro LJ, Kadowitz PJ, Akers DL (1993) L-arginine inhibits balloon catheter-induced intimal hyperplasia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193:291\u2013296","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2594-7","volume":"50","author":"CJ McNeal","year":"2018","unstructured":"McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Wilborn CD, Tekwe CD, Wu G (2018) Safety of dietary supplementation with arginine in adult humans. Amino Acids 50:1215\u20131229","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13825","volume":"175","author":"G Meng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meng G, Zhao S, Xie L, Han Y, Ji Y (2018) Protein S-sulfhydration by hydrogen sulfide in cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 175:1146\u20131156","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.004","volume":"22","author":"S Metghalchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Metghalchi S, Ponnuswamy P, Simon T, Haddad Y, Laurans L, Clement M et al (2015) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase fine-tunes immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis and colitis through repression of interleukin-10 production. Cell Metab 22:460\u2013471","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"3_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0193737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193737","volume":"13","author":"S Metghalchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metghalchi S, Vandestienne M, Haddad Y, Esposito B, Dairou J, Tedgui A et al (2018) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase knockout limits angiotensin II-induced aneurysm in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed with high fat diet. PLoS One 13:e0193737","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000992","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.000992","volume":"1","author":"XF Ming","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ming XF, Rajapakse AG, Yepuri G, Xiong Y, Carvas JM, Reffieux J et al (2012) Arginase II promotes macrophage inflammatory responses through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, contributing to insulin resistance and atherogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 1:e000992","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"3_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.10.029","volume":"454","author":"M Morita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morita M, Hayashi T, Ochiai M, Maeda M, Yamaguchi T, Ina K et al (2014) Oral supplementation with combination of L-citrulline and L-arginine rapidly increases plasma L-arginine concentration and enhances NO bioavailability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 454:53\u201357","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.81","volume":"294","author":"CR Morris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morris CR, Kato GJ, Poljakovic M, Wang X, Blackwelder WC, Sachdev V et al (2005) Dysregulated arginine metabolism, hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension, and mortality in sickle cell disease. JAMA 294:81\u201390","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00764-X","volume":"163","author":"S Murakami","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murakami S, Kondo Y, Sakurai T, Kitajima H, Nagate T (2002) Taurine suppresses development of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable syndrome hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Atherosclerosis 163:79\u201387","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"3_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2010.07.003","volume":"53","author":"S Murakami","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murakami S, Sakurai T, Toda Y, Sakono M, Fukuda N (2010) Prevention of neointima formation by taurine ingestion after carotid balloon injury. Vasc Pharmacol 53:177\u2013184","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950397","volume":"95","author":"C Murphy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murphy C, Newsholme P (1998) Importance of glutamine metabolism in murine macrophages and human monocytes to L-arginine biosynthesis and rates of nitrite or urea production. Clin Sci 95:397\u2013407","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"3_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.02.002","volume":"9","author":"CB Newgard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newgard CB, An J, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Stevens RD, Lien LF et al (2009) A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 9:311\u2013326","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"3_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510802245685","volume":"68","author":"P Niinisalo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Niinisalo P, Raitala M, Pertovaara M, Oja SS, Lehtimaki T, Kahonen M et al (2008) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity associates with cardiovascular risk factors: the health 2000 study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 68:767\u2013770","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"3_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890903321559","volume":"42","author":"P Niinisalo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Niinisalo P, Oksala N, Levula M, Pelto-Huikko M, Jarvinen O, Salenius JP et al (2010) Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-induced tryptophan degradation in advanced atherosclerotic plaques: Tampere vascular study. Ann Med 42:55\u201363","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"3_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.10.004","volume":"155","author":"M Ochiai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ochiai M, Hayashi T, Morita M, Ina K, Maeda M, Watanabe F et al (2012) Short-term effects of L-citrulline supplementation on arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. Int J Cardiol 155:257\u2013261","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"3_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(97)00188-0","volume":"36","author":"J Okazaki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Okazaki J, Komori K, Kawasaki K, Eguchi D, Ishida M, Sugimachi K (1997) L-arginine inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation of vein graft intimal thickness in hypercholestrolemic rabbits. Cardiovasc Res 36:429\u2013436","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"3_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304674","volume":"35","author":"ER Pedersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pedersen ER, Tuseth N, Eussen SJ, Ueland PM, Strand E, Svingen GF et al (2015) Association of plasma kynurenines with risk of myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35:455\u2013462","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"3_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt036","volume":"98","author":"J Pernow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pernow J, Jung C (2013) Arginase as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: reversal of arginine steal? Cardiovasc Res 98:334\u2013343","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"3_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03325.x","volume":"148","author":"M Pertovaara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pertovaara M, Raitala A, Juonola M, Lehtimaki T, Huhtala H, Oja SS et al (2007) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activity correlates with risk factors for atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Clin Exp Immunol 148:106\u2013111","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"3_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2567-x","volume":"50","author":"KJ Peyton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peyton KJ, Liu XM, Shebib AR, Johnson FK, Johnson RA, Durante W (2018a) Arginase inhibition prevents the development of hypertension and improves insulin resistance in obese rats. Amino Acids 50:747\u2013754","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.08.032","volume":"156","author":"KJ Peyton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peyton KJ, Liu XM, Yu Y, Yates B, Behnammanesh G, Durante W (2018b) Glutaminase-1 stimulates the proliferation, migration, and survival of human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 156:204\u2013214","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199503000-00008","volume":"25","author":"GM Pieper","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pieper GM, Peltier BA (1995) Amelioration by L-arginine of a dysfunctional arginine\/nitric oxide pathway in diabetic endothelium. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 25:397\u2013403","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.220731","volume":"97","author":"S Pilz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pilz S, Meinitzer A, Tomaschitz A, Drechsler C, Ritz E, Krane V et al (2011) Low homoarginine concentration is a novel risk factor for heart disease. Heart 97:1222\u20131227","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"3_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv100","volume":"106","author":"KA Polyzos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polyzos KA, Ovchinnikova O, Berg M, Baumgartner R, Agardh H, Pirault J et al (2015) Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes vascular inflammation and increases atherosclerosis in Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Cardiovasc Res 106:295\u2013302","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"3_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010015","volume":"11","author":"J Rodriques-Krause","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodriques-Krause J, Krause M, da Rocha IMG, Umpierre D, Fayh APT (2019) Association of L-arginine supplementation with markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disorders: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 11:15","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1103","volume":"99","author":"JR Romero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romero JR, Suzuka SM, Nagel RL, Fabry ME (2002) Arginine supplementation of sickle transgenic mice reduces blood cell density and Gardos channel activity. Blood 99:1103\u20131108","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.169573","volume":"102","author":"S Ryoo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ryoo S, Gupta G, Benjo A, Lim HK, Camara A, Sikkha G et al (2008) Endothelial arginase II: a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Circ Res 102:923\u2013932","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.06.091","volume":"386","author":"F Scalera","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scalera F, Closs EI, Flick E, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Boissel JP, Lendeckel U et al (2009) Paradoxical effect of L-arginine: acceleration of endothelial cell senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 386:650\u2013655","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulman SP, Becker LC, Kass DA, Champion HC, Terrin ML, Forman S et al (2006) L-arginine therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the Vascular Interaction with Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) randomized clinical trial. JAMA 295:58\u201364","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.58"},{"key":"3_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x","volume":"65","author":"E Schwedhelm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, Jung D, Lukas Z, Jumbrecina A et al (2008) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact of nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 65:51\u201359","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sessa WC, Hecker M, Mitchell JA, Vane JR (1990) The metabolism of L-arginine and its significance for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:8607\u20138611","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8607"},{"key":"3_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112448823","volume":"36","author":"A Sufit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sufit A, Weitzel LB, Hamiel C, Queensland K, Dauber I, Rooyackers O et al (2012) Pharmacologically dosed oral glutamine reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized pilot feasibility trial. Enteral Nutr 36:556\u2013561","journal-title":"Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"3_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Y, Tian Y, Prabha M, Liu D, Chen S, Zhang R et al (2010) Effects of sulfur dioxide on hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling. Lab Invest 90:68\u201382","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2009.102"},{"key":"3_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201412052","volume":"209","author":"I Tabas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tabas I, Garcia-Cardena G, Owens GK (2015) Recent insight into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis. J Cell Biol 209:13\u201322","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"3_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.036","volume":"53","author":"WHW Tang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tang WHW, Wang Z, Cho L, Brennan DM, Hazen SL (2009) Diminished global arginine bioavailability and increased arginine catabolism as metabolic profile of increased cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:2061\u20132067","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"3_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000195791.83380.4c","volume":"26","author":"D Teupser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Teupser D, Burkhardt R, Wilfert W, Haffner I, Nebandahl K, Thiery J (2006) Identification of macrophage arginase I as a new candidate gene of atherosclerosis resistance. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 26:365\u2013371","journal-title":"Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"3_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-007-0682-7","volume":"46","author":"G Ulrich-Merzenich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ulrich-Merzenich G, Zeitler H, Vetter H, Bhonde RR (2007) Protective effects of taurine on endothelial cells impaired by high glucose and oxidized low density lipoproteins. Eur J Nutr 46:431\u2013438","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"3_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-008-9134-x","volume":"9","author":"H Unterluggauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Unterluggauer H, Mazurek B, Lener E, Hutter E, Eigenbrodt W, Zwersche W et al (2008) Premature senescence of human endothelial cells induced by inhibition of glutaminase. Biogerentology 9:247\u2013259","journal-title":"Biogerentology"},{"key":"3_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39487","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039487","volume":"7","author":"BL Vaisman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vaisman BL, Andrews KL, Khong SML, Wood KC, Moore XL, Fu Y et al (2012) Selective endothelial overexpression of arginase II induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension and enhances atherosclerosis in mice. PLoS One 7:e39487","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2092","volume":"16","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu H, McKenzie G, Witting PK, Stasch JP, Hahn M et al (2010) Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced during inflammation. Nat Med 16:279\u2013285","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.229302","volume":"31","author":"XP Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang XP, Chen YG, Qin WD, Zhang W, Wei SJ, Wang J et al (2011a) Arginase I attenuates inflammatory cytokine secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31:1853\u20131860","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"3_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-011-0176-x","volume":"106","author":"XB Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang XB, Huang XM, Ochs T, Li XY, Jin HF, Tang CS et al (2011b) Effect of sulfur dioxide preconditioning on rat myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Basic Res Cardiol 106:865\u2013878","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"3_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302113","volume":"114","author":"Q Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhang M, Ding Y, Wang Q, Zhang W, Song P et al (2014) Activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by tryptophan-derived 3-hydroxykynurenine accelerates endothelial apoptosis and dysfunction in vivo. Circ Res 114:480\u2013492","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1159\/000478628","volume":"42","author":"ZJ Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang ZJ, Wu J, Guo W, Zhu YZ (2017) Atherosclerosis and the hydrogen sulfide signaling pathway: therapeutic approaches to disease prevention. Cell Physiol Biochem 42:859\u2013875","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"3_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683656","volume":"116","author":"AM Wilson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson AM, Harada R, Nair N, Balasubramanian N, Cooke JP (2007) L-arginine supplementation in peripheral artery disease: no benefit and possible harm. Circulation 116:188\u2013195","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wirleitner B, Rudzite V, Neurauter G, Murr C, Kalnins U, Erglis A et al (2003) Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Invest 33:550\u2013554","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01186.x"},{"key":"3_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.11.2626","volume":"130","author":"G Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu G, Meininger CJ (2000) Arginine nutrition and cardiovascular function. J Nutr 130:2626\u20132629","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"3_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3360001","volume":"336","author":"G Wu","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wu G, Morris SM Jr (1988) Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J 336:1\u201317","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"3_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3530245","volume":"353","author":"G Wu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wu G, Haynes TE, Li H, Yan W, Meininger CJ (2001) Glutamine metabolism to glucosamine is necessary for glutamine inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Biochem J 353:245\u2013252","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"3_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","volume":"37","author":"G Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA, Kim SW, Li P, Rhoads JM et al (2009) Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health, and disease. Amino Acids 37:153\u2013168","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3_CR113","first-page":"186908","volume":"2015","author":"D Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu D, Wang J, Li H, Xue M, Ji A, Li Y (2015) Role of hydrogen sulfide in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2015:186908","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"3_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2245-9","volume":"48","author":"Z Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu Z, Hou Y, Hu S, Bazer FW, Meininger CJ, McNeal CJ et al (2016) Catabolism and safety of supplemental L-arginine in animals. Amino Acids 48:1541\u20131552","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1355","volume":"61","author":"P Wurtz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wurtz P, Makinen VP, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Turkiainen T, Kettunen J et al (2012) Metabolic signatures of insulin resistance in 7,098 young adults. Diabetes 61:1372\u20131380","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"3_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2741\/3707","volume":"16","author":"P Xi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xi P, Jiang Z, Zheng C, Lin Y, Wu G (2011) Regulation of protein metabolism by glutamine: implications for nutrition and health. Front Biosci 16:578\u2013597","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"3_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0700OC","volume":"188","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Christou H, Liu L, Visner G, Mitsialis SA, Kouremabana S et al (2013) Endothelial indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase protects against development of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:482\u2013491","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000096","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000096","volume":"2","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Yu Y, Montani JP, Yang Z, Ming XF (2013) Arginase II induces vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and apoptosis through p66Shc and p53 independently of its L-arginine ureahydrolase activity: implications for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. J Am Heart Assoc 2:e000096","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"3_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.24.453","volume":"24","author":"Y Yamori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yamori Y, Liu L, Ikeda K, Miura A, Mizushima S, Miki T et al (2001) Distribution of twenty-four hour urinary taurine excretion and association with ischemic heart disease mortality in 24 populations of 16 countries: results from the WHO-CARDIAC study. Hypertens Res 24:453\u2013457","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"3_CR120","first-page":"1907","volume":"47","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Y, Wu ZL, Jia SC, Dahanayaka S, Feng S, Meininger CJ, McNeal CJ, Wu G (2015) Safety of long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine in rats. Amino Acids 47:1907\u20131920","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500031","volume":"60","author":"J Yin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yin J, Ren W, Yang G, Duan J, Huang X, Fang R et al (2016) L-cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications. Mol Nutr Food Res 60:134\u2013146","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"3_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.010","volume":"23","author":"TJ Yun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yun TJ, Lee JS, Machmach K, Shim D, Choi J, Wi YJ et al (2016) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing aortic plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect against atherosclerosis by induction of regulatory T cells. Cell Metab 23:852\u2013866","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"3_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs175","volume":"33","author":"L Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang L, Ovchinnikova O, Jonsson A, Lundberg AM, Berg M, Hansson GK et al (2012a) The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid lowers plasma lipids and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Eur Heart J 33:2025\u20132034","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041147","volume":"7","author":"H Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang H, Guo C, Wu D, Zhang A, Gu T, Wang L et al (2012b) Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the development of atherosclerosis with suppressing CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 expression. PLoS One 7:e41147","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Hu FB, Ruiz-Canela M, Clish CB, Dennis C, Salas-Salvado J et al (2016) Metabolites of glutamate metabolism are associated with incident cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea (PREDIMED) trial. J Am Heart Assoc 5:e003755","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003755"},{"key":"3_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuidema MY, Peyton KJ, Fay WP, Durante W, Korthuis RJ (2011) Antecedent hydrogen sulfide elicits an anti-inflammatory phenotype in postischemic murine small intestine: role of heme oxygenase-1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H888\u2013H894","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00432.2010"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-45328-2_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T07:30:59Z","timestamp":1723361459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-45328-2_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030453275","9783030453282"],"references-count":127,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-45328-2_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}