{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T20:57:10Z","timestamp":1773176230448,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030522360","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030522377","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T00:02:40Z","timestamp":1593820960000},"page":"165-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Investigating Visitor Engagement in Interactive Science Museum Exhibits with Multimodal Bayesian Hierarchical Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Emerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wookhee","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Minogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1179\/msi.2009.4.1.113","volume":"4","author":"G Hein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hein, G.: Learning science in informal environments: people, places, and pursuits. Museums Soc. Issues 4(1), 113\u2013124 (2009)","journal-title":"Museums Soc. Issues"},{"key":"14_CR2","unstructured":"Falk, J., Dierking, L.: Learning from Museums. Rowman & Littlefield (2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2016.32.11","volume":"3","author":"P Blikstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blikstein, P., Worsley, M.: Multimodal learning analytics and education data mining: using computational technologies to measure complex learning tasks. J. Learn. Anal. 3(2), 220\u2013238 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Anal."},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oviatt, S., Grafsgaard, J., Chen, L., Ochoa, X.: Multimodal learning analytics: assessing learners\u2019 mental state during the process of learning. In: The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces: Signal Processing, Architectures, and Detection of Emotion and Cognition, vol. 2, pp. 331\u2013374 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3107990.3108003"},{"key":"14_CR5","unstructured":"Bosch, N., et al.: Detecting student emotions in computer-enabled classrooms. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 4125\u20134129 (2016)"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-017-0152-1","volume":"28","author":"J DeFalco","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeFalco, J., et al.: Detecting and addressing frustration in a serious game for military training. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 28(2), 152\u2013193 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"14_CR7","unstructured":"Diamond, J., Horn, M., Uttal, D.: Practical Evaluation Guide: Tools for Museums and Other Informal Educational Settings. Rowman & Littlefield (2016)"},{"key":"14_CR8","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21869-9_22","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","author":"HC Lane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lane, H.C., Noren, D., Auerbach, D., Birch, M., Swartout, W.: Intelligent tutoring goes to the museum in the big city: a pedagogical agent for informal science education. In: Biswas, G., Bull, S., Kay, J., Mitrovic, A. (eds.) AIED 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6738, pp. 155\u2013162. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-21869-9_22"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, D., McKlin, T., Weisling, A., Martin, W., Guthrie, H., Magerko, B.: Trajectories of physical engagement and expression in a co-creative museum installation. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition, pp. 246\u2013257 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3325480.3325505"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-017-9264-8","volume":"12","author":"B Shapiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shapiro, B., Hall, R., Owens, D.: Developing and using interaction geography in a museum. Int. J. Comput.-Support. Collaborative Learn. 12(4), 377\u2013399 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput.-Support. Collaborative Learn."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v23i2.1481","volume":"23","author":"L Halverson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halverson, L., Graham, C.: Learner engagement in blended learning environments: a conceptual framework. Online Learn. 23(2), 145\u2013178 (2019)","journal-title":"Online Learn."},{"key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Block, F., et al.: Fluid grouping: quantifying group engagement around interactive tabletop exhibits in the wild. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 867\u2013876 (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702231"},{"key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knutson, K., Lyon, M., Crowley, K., Giarratani, L.: Flexible interventions to increase family engagement at natural history museum dioramas. Curator: Museum J. 59(4), 339\u2013352 (2016)","DOI":"10.1111\/cura.12176"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2798607","volume":"41","author":"T Baltru\u0161aitis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baltru\u0161aitis, T., Ahuja, C., Morency, L.: Multimodal machine learning: a survey and taxonomy. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 41(2), 423\u2013443 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aslan, S., et al.: Investigating the impact of a real-time, multimodal student engagement analytics technology in authentic classrooms. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201312 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300534"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.2015.1060931","volume":"110","author":"I Archambault","year":"2017","unstructured":"Archambault, I., Dup\u00e9r\u00e9, V.: Joint trajectories of behavioral, affective, and cognitive engagement in elementary school. J. Educ. Res. 110(2), 188\u2013198 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sawyer, R., Rowe, J., Azevedo, R., Lester, J.: Modeling player engagement with Bayesian hierarchical models. In: Proceedings of the 14th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 215\u2013221 (2018)","DOI":"10.1609\/aiide.v14i1.13048"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGCMS.2017070104","volume":"9","author":"JP Rowe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rowe, J.P., Lobene, E.V., Mott, B.W., Lester, J.C.: Play in the museum: design and development of a game-based learning exhibit for informal science education. Int. J. Gaming Comput.-Mediated Simul. 9(3), 96\u2013113 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Gaming Comput.-Mediated Simul."},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltru\u0161aitis, T., Robinson, P., Morency, L.: OpenFace: an open source facial behavior analysis toolkit. In: Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 1\u201310. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477553"},{"key":"14_CR20","unstructured":"Aung, A., Ramakrishnan, A., Whitehill, J.: Who are they looking at? Automatic eye gaze following for classroom observation video analysis, pp. 166\u2013170 (2018)"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson, N., Rowe, J., Mott, B., Brawner, K., Baker, R., Lester, J.: 4D affect detection: improving frustration detection in game-based learning with posture-based temporal data fusion. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 144\u2013156 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23204-7_13"},{"key":"14_CR22","unstructured":"Patwardhan, A., Knapp, G.: Multimodal affect recognition using kinect. arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.02652 (2016)"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2012.24","volume":"19","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.: Microsoft kinect sensor and its effect. IEEE Multimedia 19(2), 4\u201310 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Multimedia"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sawyer, R., Smith, A., Rowe, J., Azevedo, R., Lester, J.: Enhancing student models in game-based learning with facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 192\u2013201 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3079628.3079686"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grafsgaard, J., Wiggins, J., Vail, A., Boyer, K., Wiebe, E., Lester, J.: The additive value of multimodal features for predicting engagement, frustration, and learning during tutoring. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 42\u201349 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2663204.2663264"},{"key":"14_CR26","unstructured":"Vail, A., Wiggins, J., Grafsgaard, J., Boyer, K., Wiebe, E., Lester, J.: The affective impact of tutor questions: predicting frustration and engagement. In: International Educational Data Mining Society (2016)"},{"issue":"21","key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.05.007","volume":"47","author":"K Rayner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rayner, K., Li, X., Williams, C., Cave, K., Well, A.: Eye movements during information processing tasks: individual differences and cultural effects. Vis. Res. 47(21), 2714\u20132726 (2007)","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emerson, A., Sawyer, R., Azevedo, R., Lester, J.: Gaze-enhanced student modeling for game-based learning. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, Singapore, pp. 63\u201372 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3209219.3209238"},{"key":"14_CR29","unstructured":"Grafsgaard, J., Boyer, K., Wiebe, E., Lester, J.: Analyzing posture and affect in task- oriented tutoring. In: Proceedings of the 25th Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, pp. 438\u2013443 (2012)"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reich, B., Ghosh, S.: Bayesian Statistical Methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2019)","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429202292"},{"key":"14_CR31","unstructured":"Plummer, M.: JAGS: a program for analysis of Bayesian graphical models using Gibbs sampling. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Distributed Statistical Computing, pp. 1\u201310 (2003)"},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011136","volume":"7","author":"A Gelman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gelman, A., Rubin, D.: Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences. Stat. Sci. 7, 457\u2013511 (1992)","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T01:47:24Z","timestamp":1667267244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030522360","9783030522377"],"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Ifrane","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Morocco","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 July 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 July 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2020.nees.com.br\/#\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"214","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"49","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"66","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"23% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}